Equine Veterinary Nursing E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1098

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

The breadth and depth of expertise essential for equine veterinary nursing today is provided in this definitive textbook.  Thoroughly revised and updated in its second edition, and now fully illustrated in colour.  This book covers the content of the ever-expanding equine nursing syllabus, while still succinctly covering all the basics that veterinary nurses specialising in other species need to know. The key subjects included are: basic equine management, medical and surgical equine nursing, nutrition, reproduction and foal care, emergency first aid, and the theory underpinning these and other important topics.

Equine Veterinary Nursing Second Edition is presented in a clear and user-friendly manner, appropriate for all those involved in equine nursing. A practical approach is used throughout and procedures are illustrated with a large number of line diagrams and clinical photographs. It is an essential manual for all student and qualified equine veterinary nurses and all those involved in the care of horses.

KEY FEATURES

• Includes a new chapter on the equine nurse’s professional responsibilities
• Major revisions to the chapters on diagnostic imaging and surgical nursing to reflect advances in technology and techniques
• All information on health and safety management updated in keeping with new regulations
• Authors include both vets and experienced equine nurses
• Endorsed by the British Equine Veterinary Association

"With the increasing demands of equine practice has come the need for well trained and competent equine nurses. There have been significant improvements in and expansion of the equine Veterinary Nurse training syllabus over the past few years to meet these demands. This new and updated edition of Equine Veterinary Nursing covers all aspects of the new syllabus with well written and illustrated chapters from a wide range of knowledgable and experienced authors. The British Equine Veterinary Association is pleased to endorse this text as a 'must have' for all trainee equine veterinary nurses and their training practices." - Deidre M Carson BVSc(Syd) MRCVS
Immediate Past President, BEVA

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

List of contributors

Foreword

Preface to the second edition

Abbreviations and Acronyms

1 Basic equine management

General horse behaviour

Vices, stereotypies and redirected behaviour

General horse handling

Basic stable management

Biosecurity

Bedding and cleaning of stables

Common hospital procedures

Basic hoof care

General stable equipment

Identification

2 Anatomy and physiology

Cell structure

Basic tissue types

Blood

The lymphatic system

The heart

Respiratory tract

Breathing

Digestive system

Skeletal system

Joints

Muscles, tendons and ligaments

The nervous system

The ear

The eye

The endocrine system

The liver

The urinary system

The bladder

Skin

3 Genetics

Chromosomes

Genes

Mutation

Alleles

Epistasis

The cell cycle

Linkage

Multifactorial inheritance

Breeding strategies

Horse karyotyping

Genetic diseases

Blood typing

DNA parentage testing

Equine coat colour testing

4 Reproduction

Reproductive anatomy of the mare

Reproductive endocrinology in the mare

Reproductive anatomy of the stallion

Reproductive endocrinology in the stallion

Fertilisation

Embryonic and fetal development

The placenta

Pregnancy diagnosis

Preparation for foaling

Parturition

First stage

Infertility (subfertility) in the mare

Artificial insemination (AI)

Equine embryo transfer

5 Nutrition

Overview of the digestive system of a horse

General comments about feeding horses

Nutritional requirements

Nutrients required

Feedstuffs commonly fed to horses

6 Clinical nutrition

Assisted feeding

Improving appetite

Enteral or tube feeding

Parenteral feeding

What to feed before and after surgery

How to feed horses with particular clinical conditions

Feeding for specific clinical conditions

7 Basic first aid

Introduction and basic first-aid principles

Triage

Immediate assessment and treatment

Situation management

Communication

Transfer of a patient for definitive treatment

Preparation for admission of an emergency case

Crash box

Supporting the vet during resuscitation and stabilisation procedures

Bandages and immobilisation

Management of common first-aid scenarios

8 General nursing

Principles of a systematic approach to provision of nursing care

Nursing models

Assessing the condition of the patient

Subjective assessment

Objective assessment

Clinical examination

Following a care plan to deliver nursing care

Care needs of patients in relation to commonly encountered diseases and traumatic conditions

9 Safety management in the practice

Risk assessments

First-aid management

Accidents

Radiation safety and the law

Summary

10 The equine nurse’s professional responsibilities

What defines a professional person?

What ‘rules’ govern veterinary nursing?

The laws under which veterinary nurses operate

Acknowledgements

11 Medicines and their management

Legal aspects of veterinary pharmacy

Storage of medicines

Safety

Use of medicines in competition horses

Calculation of dosages

Administration of medicines

12 Laboratory diagnostics

Blood: haematology

Blood—biochemistry

Urinalysis

Biopsy techniques

Faecal analysis

Skin and hair

Collection of body fluids

Submission of pathological samples

Virology

Microbiology

Ectoparasites

Endoparasites

Laboratory health and safety

Laboratory apparatus

13 Fluid therapy

Body water and electrolytes

Principles of fluid therapy

Types of fluid

Replacement therapy

Maintenance fluid therapy

Routes of fluid administration

Blood transfusion

Plasma transfusion

Summary

14 Medical nursing

Infectious and non-infectious disease

Infectious and contagious disease

Emerging infectious and contagious diseases

Respiratory system diseases

Circulatory system diseases

Haematopoietic system diseases

Alimentary system diseases

Renal system diseases

Nervous system diseases

Cutaneous system diseases

Eye diseases

Muscular diseases

Endocrine system diseases

15 Foal nursing

Why are foals different?

The immune system

Cardiovascular system

Respiratory system

Renal system

Gastrointestinal system

Thermoregulation

Nutrition

Lactation

Foal handling

Sick foals

Common diagnostic procedures and supportive therapies used in foals

Practical points: nursing of young foals

16 Equine orthopaedic nursing

Equine lameness

Common conditions causing lameness in horses

Diseases of the foot and hoof

Diseases of bones

Diseases of muscle

Diseases of joints

Diseases of tendons, ligaments and tendon sheaths in the adult horse

17 Diagnostic imaging

Radiography

Fluoroscopy

Computed tomography

Ultrasonography

Nuclear scintigraphy

Magnetic resonance imaging

Thermography

18 General surgical nursing

Tissue injury

Skin grafts

Nursing the colic patient

Hernias

Urogenital system

Fracture fixation

Bandaging and casting

Subluxation and luxation of joints

Dental disease and surgery

Nursing for respiratory surgery

Neoplasia

Laparoscopy

Summary

19 Theatre practice

Aseptic technique

The operating theatre suite

Personnel and general conduct in theatre

Preparation of the surgical team

Conduct during surgery

Preparation of the horse for surgery

Sterilisation

Packing items for sterilization

Instruments and equipment

Suture materials

Special equipment

20 Anaesthesia

Standing chemical restraint of the horse

Local anaesthetic agents and techniques in horses

Analgesia for the equine surgical patient

Pre-operative preparation of the patient

Premedication

General anaesthesia of the horse

Components of an anaesthetic machine

Anaesthetic circuits for equine anaesthesia

Orotracheal intubation

Intravenous anaesthesia

Monitoring during anaesthesia

Recovery from anaesthesia

Considerations in sedating and anaesthetising foals

Anaesthetic complications and emergencies

Humane destruction of the horse

Index

This edition first published 2012 © 2001 by Blackwell Science Ltd, 2012 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing.

Registered office: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK

The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Equine veterinary nursing / [edited by] Karen M. Coumbe. – 2nd ed.

p. ; cm.

 Rev. ed. of: Equine veterinary nursing manual / edited by Karen M. Coumbe. 2001.

 Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-470-65655-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Horses–Diseases. 2. Veterinary nursing. I. Coumbe, Karen. II. British Equine Veterinary Association. III. Equine veterinary nursing manual.

 [DNLM: 1. Horse Diseases–nursing. 2. Animal Technicians. SF 951]

 SF951.E68 2012

 636.1'089–dc23

2012014813

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover images: courtesy of Karen Coumbe, Nick Bolas and Bonny Millar

Cover design by optadesign.co.uk

List of Contributors

Alistair Barr MA VetMB PhD MRCVS DVR DEO DipECVSDept of Clinical Veterinary Science, Division of Companion Animals, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset

Elizabeth Barr BVMS PhD CertES(Orth) DipECVS MRCVSBell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Kent

Jane Boswell MA VetMB CertVA CertES(Orth) DipECVS MRCVSThe Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, Hampshire

Sarah Boys Smith MA VetMB CertES(Orth) DipECVS MRCVSRossdales Equine Hospital & Diagnostic Centre, Newmarket, Suffolk

Peter Clegg MA VetMB PhD CertES DipEVCS MRCVSUniversity of Liverpool Veterinary School, Liverpool, Cheshire

Rachael Conwell BVetMed, Cert EM (Int Med), DipECEIM, MRCVSEquimed Referrals Ltd, Tadcaster, North Yorkshire

Victoria Copas MA VetMB CertAVP (EM) MRCVSThe Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, Hampshire

Vicky Ford-Fennah BSc RVN VNPAUniversity of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, Bristol

Pat Harris MA VetMB PhD DipECVCN MRCVSEquine Studies Group, WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire

Sophie J. Haylock REVNNewmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk

Lynn Hillyer BVSc CertEM (IntMed) MRCVS British Horseracing Authority, London

Mark Hillyer BVSc PhD DipECVS DipECEIM MRCVSNewmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk

Katie Holmes BSc REVN EVNNewmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk

Alan Jones BSc NEBOSH CertSchool of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Somerset

Emma Jones MA VetMB VertES(Orth) MRCVSAbbey Veterinary Centre, Llanover, Monmouthshire

Derek Knottenbelt OBE BVM&S DipECEIM MRCVSPhilip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Cheshire

Edd Knowles MA VetMB MRCVSBell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Kent

Whitney Linnenkohl DVMDepartment of Clinical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

Linda LoinesBell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Kent

Dawn McHugh BA DipAVN(Surgical) RVN REVNNewmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk

Bonny Millar CVT(USA) REVN EVNRossdales Equine Hospital & Diagnostic Centre, Newmarket, Suffolk

Graham Munroe BVSc PhD CertEO DESM DipECVS FRCVSFlanders Veterinary Services, Greenlaw, Berwickshire

Jo Murrell BVSc PhD DipEVCA CertVA MRCVSUniversity of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, Bristol

Rosie Naylor BVetMed DipACVIM MRCVSCentre for Veterinary Nursing, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire

Anna Paton REVNQueens Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire

Sophie Pullen BSc(Hons) CertEd RVNCentre for Veterinary Nursing, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire

Jonathan Pycock BVetMed PhD DESM MRCVSEquine Reproductive Services, Messenger Farm, Ryton, North Yorkshire

Colin Roberts BVSc MA PhD FRCVSSidney Sussex College, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire

Josh Slater BVM&S PhD MRCVSEquine Medicine & Surgery Group, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire

Matt Smith BVetMed CertES(orth) DEO DipECVS MRCVSNewmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk

Meredith Smith MA VetMB PhD CertES DipECVS AECVDI MRCVSNewmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk

Katie Snalune BSc MA VetMB CertEM (Int Med) CertES (Soft Tissue) MRCVSQueens Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire

Sarah Stoneham BVSc CertESM MRCVSLone Oak Stud, Hilborough, Norfolk

Kelly Tillett REVNBell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Kent

Neil Townsend BSc BVSc CertES (Soft Tissue) MRCVSUniversity of Liverpool Veterinary School, Liverpool, Cheshire

Nia Turley BSc(Hons)Newmarket Equine Hospital, Newmarket, Suffolk

Foreword

I am delighted to have the opportunity to write the foreword to the second edition of this seminal book on Equine Veterinary Nursing. Much has happened in the world of equine nursing since the highly successful first edition. Perhaps most importantly the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) has recognised officially the nursing of equidae, and there is now a firmly established direct-entry equine nursing diploma. The RCVS holds a non-statutory register and there is a published Guide to Professional Conduct for Veterinary Nurses, to mirror that for veterinary surgeons. At the time of writing, the RCVS is replacing this Guide with a Code of Professional Conduct for Veterinary Nurses.

Since 2002, the Veterinary Nurses Council has replaced the old Veterinary Nurses Committee and this RCVS council has created a disciplinary and preliminary investigation committee to deal specifically with veterinary nurses. The Veterinary Defence Society has therefore established a professional indemnity insurance policy for veterinary nurses, to support registered nurses in any potential action against them. We have seen the first nursing graduates from the courses at the Universities of Bristol and Middlesex. The decade has also seen the appointment of the first Professor of Veterinary Nursing in the UK, at the Royal Veterinary College, and the first qualified equine veterinary nurse to become President of the British Veterinary Nursing Association.

Such changes have afforded veterinary nurses a new professional confidence and a stronger voice to speak on their own behalf. However, with this increase in profile comes an increased responsibility for equine nurses to be correctly trained and to act in a manner becoming to a professional person, rather than merely as an employee, whose actions can only be called to account under the aegis of a veterinary surgeon. I cannot pretend that this has been an easy journey, nor yet that all the ‘i’s have been dotted or the ‘t’s crossed. For example, there is still a major issue regarding whether such changes require legislation to empower them, or whether they might be enacted under the RCVS Charter.

However, without question, the last decade has seen a visible, real and entirely appropriate increase in the professional status of veterinary nurses. Of course, increasing nursing aspiration must be underpinned by continued progression in educational standards. The current iteration of veterinary nurse training has a modular format and there is now a requirement for every veterinary nurse to study basic equine nursing, even if their ultimate aim is to become a small animal nurse. This book will therefore form an essential part of the general veterinary nursing syllabus, as well as being an essential manual for equine nursing trainees.

The first edition was required to be reprinted almost immediately and this edition, I am certain will be at least as popular. Whilst the chapter headings remain essentially the same, the information has been updated and several new authors have been recruited. Equine medicine and surgery has continued to evolve in the intervening years, and the number of specialist equine clinics and hospitals has also increased. Thus there is a definite need for the equine nursing profession to maintain its position at the cutting edge of equine clinical practice. As an equine surgeon working in an equine hospital, I have become accustomed to the support of top quality equine nurses, and greatly appreciate the benefits that such skilled professionals afford the whole surgical team and, more importantly, our patients.

I would like to congratulate Karen Coumbe on overseeing the production of yet another excellent edition of what in my opinion is the definitive text on equine nursing.

Tim GreetPresident, World Equine Veterinary Association(Honorary member, British Veterinary Nursing Association)                  

Preface to the Second Edition

“Knowledge is power.”

Sir Francis Bacon,Religious Meditations, Of Heresies, 1597

It is amazing that it is over ten years since the first edition of this reference book was published. Much has changed in equine nursing since then, both under the auspices of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons and in the wider world.

This second edition has the same intention as the first: to provide a definitive reference for equine veterinary nurses. The aim is that it will be practical, useful and educationally informative for all those involved in the veterinary care and professional management of sick horses, ponies and donkeys. The goal is to supply the technical knowledge and essential information on the practical techniques needed by all members of a successful nursing team.

This new and larger volume is very closely based on the ever-expanding nursing syllabus, which encompasses the breadth and depth of expertise essential for equine veterinary nursing today. It also contains succinct sections suitable for those nurses who may be specialising in other species, yet still wish to acquire some basic equine understanding as part of their training. The information included is designed to update every equine nurse’s skills and I hope the book will become an essential guide, and a worthy successor to the first edition.

Many developments have occurred since I wrote the previous preface to this book and the equine nursing world has made enormous professional progress. This is reflected in the many innovations described in this second edition, which has been completely reworked, with an abundance of new information and clear colour photos. Every chapter has been rewritten, with complete updates throughout the volume and increased emphasis on the various responsibilities of an equine nurse. Additional artwork (Figs 1.1, 2.8, 2.18, 7.4, 8.5, 11.3, 13.2, 14.3, 16.9, 16.22, 17.22, 17.23 & 20.13) has been accurately and beautifully produced by Samantha Elmhurst of www.livingart.org.uk and I would like to thank both her and the hard-working team at Wiley-Blackwell, especially Anne Bassett, Rupert Cousens, Rebecca Huxley, Lucy Nash, Sue Peter and Justinia Wood. I am very grateful to Deirdre Carson for all her helpful suggestions and support, and for those who helped by providing photographs, especially Peter Clegg, Marcus Head, Derek Knottenbelt, Sarah Mack, Tim Mair, Annie Makin (BCF Technology), Lorraine Palmer and Jess Spanton. I would also like to thank Jo Gregory, Matt Legg, Bonny Millar and Cassie Barber, but most of all Dr Nick Bolas, for their enormous photographic contribution, without which this book would have a blank cover! Also huge thanks to my family for allowing me the time to do this and their invaluable editorial input!

I am enormously grateful to all the contributors and thank everyone who has helped me, especially my colleagues at Bell Equine. I am delighted that, amongst the authors, there are now more qualified equine nurses. I am proud that these include many of the same exceptional individuals who have worked with me over many years, both clinically and in drafting the first syllabus, setting the initial examinations as well as writing several chapters.

It is more obvious now than ever before that good equine vets need good equine nurses. I hope that equine nursing will remain an evolving discipline and that this volume will help speed the progress, to the benefit of the animals under our care. As with the first edition, the credit should go to the authors, any errors are mine.

Feel free to comment and constructively criticise!

Karen CoumbeKent, 2012

Note

All images are copyright the authors and/or editor in each and every chapter and Wiley-Blackwell, who retain all rights.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AB

antibody

ACD

acid–citrate–dextrose

ACTH

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

ADH

antidiuretic hormone

AF

atrial fibrillation

AG

antigen

AHS

African Horse Sickness

AHVLA

Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency

AI

artificial insemination

AL-DDFT

accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon

AM

atypical myoglobinuria

AMTRA

Animal Medicines Training Regulatory Agency

ANS

autonomic nervous system

AP

alkaline phosphatase

ATD

auditory tube diverticulum

ASA

American Society of Anesthesiology

ASIF

Association for the Study of Internal Fixation

AST

aspartate aminotransferase

AVD

assisted vaginal delivery

BAL

bronchoalveolar lavage

BAR

Bright Alert Responsive

BCAA

branched chain amino acid

BCS

body condition score

BEF

British Equestrian Federation

BHA

British Horseracing Authority

BP

blood pressure

bpm

beats per minute

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

BVNA

British Veterinary Nursing Association

BW

bodyweight

CA

cerebellar abiotrophy

Ca

calcium

CBC

complete blood count

CCTV

closed circuit television

CCDL

colour coat dilution lethal

CD

controlled drug

CDE

common digital extensor

CEM

contagious equine metritis

CEPEF

confidential enquiry into peri-operative fatalities

CFT

complement fixation test

CID

combined immunodeficiency disease

CK

creatine kinase

CNS

central nervous system

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COSHH

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

CP

crude protein

CPD

continuing professional development

CPK

creatinine phosphokinase

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CR

computed radiography

CRT

capillary refill time

CRI

continuous rate infusion

CS

caesarian section

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

CT

computed tomography

CVS

cervical vertebral stenosis

DAP

dose area product

DCP

dynamic compression plate

DCR

direct capture radiography

DDF

deep digital flexor

DDFT

deep digital flexor tendon

DDSP

dorsal displacement of the soft palate

DE

digestible energy

DEFRA

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

DM

dry matter

DOD

developmental orthopaedic disease

DR

digital radiography

ECF

extracellular fluid

eCG

equine chorionic gonadotrophin

ECG

electrocardiogram

EDTA

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EED

early embryonic death

EGT

exuberant granulation tissue

EHM

equine herpes virus 1-associated myeloencephalopathy

EHV

equine herpes virus

EIA

equine infectious anaemia

EIPH

exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage

EIV

equine influenza virus

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EMEA

European Medicines Evaluation Agency

ERS

equine rhabdomyolysis syndrome

ERV

equine rhinovirus

ET

embryo transfer

EU

European Union

EVA

equine viral arteritis

EVN

equine veterinary nurse

FEI

Fédération Equestre Internationale

FFA

free fatty acid

FFD

film focal distance

FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone

GBED

glycogen branching enzyme deficiency

GGE

glyceryl guaiacolate ether

GGT

gamma-glutamyl transferase

GIT

gastrointestinal tract

GLDH

glutamate dehydrogenase

GnRH

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

GP

guttural pouch

h

hour

Hb

haemoglobin

hCG

human chorionic gonadotrophin

HERDA

hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia

hh

hands high

HR

heart rate

HSAWA

Health and Safety at Work Act

HSE

Health and Safety Executive

HYPP

hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis

ICF

intracellular fluid

ICU

intensive care unit

ILRD

infectious lower respiratory tract disease

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

IRAP

Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

IRU

increased radioisotope uptake

IURD

infectious upper respiratory tract disease

IM

intramuscular

IV

intravenous

JEB

junctional epidermolysis bullosa

LCP

locking compression plate

LDH

lactate dehydrogenase

LFS

lavendar foal syndrome

LH

luteinising hormone

LMN

lower motor neurone

MAC

minimum alveolar concentration

MCV

mean corpuscular volume

MDP

methylene diphosphonate

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

MRSA

methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus

NILRD

non-infectious lower respiratory tract disease

NIURD

non-infectious upper respiratory tract disease

NMS

neonatal maladjustment syndrome

NRC

National Research Council

NSAID

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

NSC

non-structural carbohydrate

OCD

osteochondrosis dissecans

OCLL

osseous cyst-like lesion

P

pharmacy medicine or phosphorus

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

PCV

packed cell volume

PG

prostaglandin

PIVA

partial intravenous anaesthesia

PPID

pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (Cushing’s disease)

PLGE

protein-losing gastroenteropathy

PML

pharmacy and merchant’s list medicine

PMT

photomultiplier tube

POM

prescription-only medicine

PSP

period of supervised practice

PSSM

polysaccharide storage myopathy

PTH

parathyroid hormone

QAR

Quiet, Alert, Responsive

QAU

Quiet, Alert, Unresponsive

QP

Qualified Person

RAO

recurrent airway obstruction

RBC

red blood cell

RCVS

Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons

RDDLC

right dorsal displacement of large colon

REVN

Registered Equine Veterinary Nurse

RIA

radioimmunoassay

RIDDOR

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations

RJB

Robert Jones bandage

RLN

recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

RPA

radiation protection advisor

rpm

revolutions per minute

RPS

radiation protection supervisor

RQP

registered qualified person

RR

respiratory rate

SBC

subchondral bone cyst (

see

OCLL)

SCID

severe combined immunodeficiency disease

s.c.

subcutaneous

SDF

superficial digital flexor

SDFT

superficial digital flexor tendon

SDH

sorbitol dehydrogenase

SL

suspensory ligament

SOP

standard operating procedure

SPL

subpalpebral lavage

SQP

suitably qualified person

SSC

squamous cell carcinoma

STH

somatotrophic hormone

TB

Thoroughbred

TBW

total body water

TFT

thin film transistor

TIVA

total IV technique

TL

tracheal lavage

TPN

total parenteral nutrition

TPR

temperature, pulse and respiration

TRH

thyroid-releasing hormone

TSBA

total serum bile acid estimation

TSH

thyroid-stimulating hormone

UMN

upper motor neurone

USP

US Pharmacopeia

UV

ultraviolet

VFA

volatile fatty acids

VI

virus isolation

VMD

Veterinary Medicines Directorate

VMP

veterinary medical product

VMR

Veterinary Medicines Regulations

VN

veterinary nurse

WBC

white blood cell

WNV

West Nile virus

WSC

water-soluble content

WSW

written system of work

1

Basic Equine Management

W. Linnenkohl1 & D.C. Knottenbelt2

1Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA;

2Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, Liverpool, UK

General Horse Behaviour

Horses have evolved as a flight species and therefore, whenever a horse is to be handled, it should be remembered that it will try to escape from any uncomfortable or unfamiliar situation by running away. In instances where a horse feels that it is unable to escape, it may resort to kicking or biting as a form of defence. When handling unfamiliar horses, or horses in an unfamiliar or stressful situation (i.e. in a hospital setting), knowledge of how horses might react and proper methods of restraint are imperative for everyone’s safety.