Game and Graphics Programming for iOS and Android with OpenGL ES 2.0 E-Book

Romain Marucchi-Foino

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 482

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

Develop graphically sophisticated apps and games today! The smart phone app market is progressively growing, and there is new market gap to fill that requires more graphically sophisticated applications and games. Game and Graphics Programming for iOS and Android with OpenGL ES 2.0 quickly gets you up to speed on understanding how powerful OpenGL ES 2.0 technology is in creating apps and games for amusement and effectiveness. Leading you through the development of a real-world mobile app with live code, this text lets you work with all the best features and tools that Open GL ES 2.0 has to offer. * Provides a project template for iOS and Android platforms * Delves into OpenGL features including drawing canvas, geometry, lighting effects, character animation, and more * Offers explanation of full-function 2D and 3D graphics on embedded systems * Addresses the principal technology for hardware-accelerated graphical rendering Game and Graphics Programming for iOS and Android with OpenGL ES 2.0 offers important, need-to-know information if you're interested in striking a perfect balance between aesthetics and functionality in apps.

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Getting Started

Software Requirements

Downloading the Book’s SDK

Importing Projects

The Template

Summary

Chapter 2: Setting Up Your Graphic Projections

The Three Basic Types of Projections

Orthographic 2D Projection

Orthographic Projection

Perspective Projection

Summary

Chapter 3: Dealing with Complex Geometry

The Wavefront File Format

Preparing the OBJ Viewer Code

Loading an OBJ

Building the Shaders

Building the VAO

Rendering Momo

Handling Touche

Per-Vertex Lighting

Making Momo Furrier

Summary

Chapter 4: Building a Scene

Handling Multiple Objects

The Code Structure

Loading and Drawing the Scene

The Shaders Code

The Different Object Types

The Drawing Sequence

Fixing the Scene

Per-Pixel Lighting

Summary

Chapter 5: Optimization

The Base App

Triangles to Triangle Strips

Building Triangle Strips

Texture Optimization

Adding 16-Bit Texture Conversion

PVR Texture Compression

Faking Details

Geometry and Shaders LOD

Texture Atlas

Managing States in Software

Automatic Shader Optimization

Summary

Chapter 6: Real-Time Physics

Types of Physical Objects

Physics Shapes

Using Bullet

Hello Physics

Collision Callbacks, Triggers, and Contacts

2D Physics

3D Physics

Summary

Chapter 7: Camera

Touch and Go!

The Camera Frustum

Camera Fly Mode

First-Person Camera with Collision Detection

3D Camera Tracking

Third-Person Camera with Collision

Summary

Chapter 8: Pathfinding

Recast and Detour

Navigation

Creating the Navigation Mesh

3D Physics Picking

Player’s Auto Drive

Visualizing the Way Points

Catch Me If You Can!

Know Your Enemy

Game State Logic

Summary

Chapter 9: Audio and Other Cool Game Programming Stuff

OpenAL

OGG Vorbis

Hello World OpenAL Style

Initializing OpenAL

Static In-Memory Sound Playback

Positional Sound Source

Piano Game

Rolling Ball Game

Summary

Chapter 10: Advanced Lighting

Types of Lamps

Let There Be Light

Point Light

Multiple Lights

Making the Shader Program Dynamic

Summary

Chapter 11: Advanced FX

Render to Texture

Post-Processing Effects

Projected Texture

Projector Shader

Projected Real-Time Shadows

Casting Shadows Using the Depth Texture

A Few More Words about the Frame Buffer Object

Particles

Summary

Chapter 12: Skeletal Animation

Traditional vs. Modern Animation Systems

The MD5 File Format

Loading an MD5 Mesh

Animating the Mesh

Blending Animation

Additive Blending

Summary

Introduction

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Chapter 2

Setting Up Your Graphic Projections

WHAT’S IN THIS CHAPTER?

Understanding how the different types of projection matrices work, how to use them, and whenGetting familiar with the template application that comes with the SDK and learning how to customize it for your specific needsBuilding your first practical application — learning how to set it up and use the different types of projections

Before you can draw any graphics onscreen, you first need to create a projection matrix. The type of graphics you plan to use will have a direct impact on the creation of this matrix. Whether it is 2D, 2.5D, or 3D, each type of projection matrix will require a different initialization, allowing you to create the necessary perspective for your specific needs.

In this chapter, you will learn about the three primary types of projections used in modern mobile games and how to use them.

In addition, this chapter will teach you how to work with this book’s template project and walk you through three progressive exercises. In these exercises, you will learn how to manipulate the most common types of graphic projections and draw simple geometry onscreen; handle vertex and fragment shaders and link them to a shader program; manipulate vertex attributes and uniform variables; translate, rotate, and scale basic geometry; and create a simple camera look-at matrix.

THE THREE BASIC TYPES OF PROJECTIONS

When drawing using OpenGL ES, you always have to keep in mind the sequence of your drawings and in which perspective space you want to draw. Needless to say, this sequence will directly affect the type of projection and the sequence of creation of your projection’s matrix.

For example, if you want to draw a heads-up display (HUD) that contains your character data on top of your scene, you first need to set up a 2D, 2.5D, or 3D perspective (depending on the type of game you are working on), and then draw your game scene. After your scene is rendered in the color buffer, you need to render your character life bar, ammo, etc. on top of it. Simply scaling your HUD graphics onscreen to fit the current drawing perspective would deteriorate their overall aspect ratio, eventually making them distorted. Knowing this, the right way to draw the HUD of your game would be to create a projection matrix that has a ratio of 1 unit to 1 pixel. Since your HUD consists of multiple 2D graphics, and it is important to respect their ratio onscreen, a 1:1 2D projection will allow you to draw them consistently onscreen.

There are three distinct types of projections that can be used in any game genre: