GIS and Geocomputation for Water Resource Science and Engineering E-Book

Barnali Dixon

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley Works
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1354

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

GIS and Geocomputation for Water Resource Science and Engineering not only provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of geographic information systems but also demonstrates how GIS and mathematical models can be integrated to develop spatial decision support systems to support water resources planning, management and engineering. The book uses a hands-on active learning approach to introduce fundamental concepts and numerous case-studies are provided to reinforce learning and demonstrate practical aspects. The benefits and challenges of using GIS in environmental and water resources fields are clearly tackled in this book, demonstrating how these technologies can be used to harness increasingly available digital data to develop spatially-oriented sustainable solutions. In addition to providing a strong grounding on fundamentals, the book also demonstrates how GIS can be combined with traditional physics-based and statistical models as well as information-theoretic tools like neural networks and fuzzy set theory.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

About the Companion Website

List of Acronyms

Part I: GIS, Geocomputation, and GIS Data

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 What is geocomputation?

1.2 Geocomputation and water resources science and engineering

1.3 GIS-enabled geocomputation in water resources science and engineering

1.4 Why should water resources engineers and scientists study GIS

1.5 Motivation and organization of this book

1.6 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 2: A Brief History of GIS and Its Use in Water Resources Engineering

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)—software and hardware

2.3 Remote sensing and global positioning systems and development of GIS

2.4 History of GIS in water resources applications

2.5 Recent trends in GIS

2.6 Benefits of using GIS in water resources engineering and science

2.7 Challenges and limitations of GIS-based approach to water resources engineering

2.8 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 3: Hydrologic Systems and Spatial Datasets

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Hydrological processes in a watershed

3.3 Fundamental spatial datasets for water resources planning: management and modeling studies

3.4 Sources of data for developing digital elevation models

3.5 Sensitivity of hydrologic models to DEM resolution

3.6 Accuracy issues surrounding land use land cover maps

3.7 Sensitivity of hydrologic models to LULC resolution

3.8 Sources of data for developing soil maps

3.9 Accuracy issues surrounding soil mapping

3.10 Sensitivity of hydrologic models to soils resolution

3.11 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 4: Water-Related Geospatial Datasets

4.1 Introduction

4.2 River basin, watershed, and subwatershed delineations

4.3 Streamflow and river stage data

4.4 Groundwater level data

4.5 Climate datasets

4.6 Vegetation indices

4.7 Soil moisture mapping

4.8 Water quality datasets

4.9 Monitoring strategies and needs

4.10 Sampling techniques and recent advancements in sensing technologies

4.11 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 5: Data Sources and Models

5.1 Digital data warehouses and repositories

5.2 Software for GIS and geocomputations

5.3 Software and data models for water resources applications

5.4 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Part II: Foundations of GIS

Chapter 6: Data Models for GIS

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Data types, data entry, and data models

6.3 Categorization of spatial datasets

6.4 Database structure, storage, and organization

6.5 Data storage and encoding

6.6 Data conversion

6.7 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

Hands-on exercises

References

Chapter 7: Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Remote Sensing

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The global positioning system (GPS)

7.3 Use of GPS in water resources engineering studies

7.4 Workflow for GPS data collection

7.5 Aerial and satellite remote sensing and imagery

7.6 Data and cost of acquiring remotely sensed data

7.7 Principles of remote sensing

7.8 Remote sensing applications in water resources engineering and science

7.9 Bringing remote sensing data into GIS

7.10 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

Hands-on exercises

References

Chapter 8: Data Quality, Errors, and Uncertainty

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Map projection, datum, and coordinate systems

8.3 Projections in GIS software

8.4 Errors, data quality, standards, and documentation

8.5 Error and uncertainty

8.6 Role of resolution and scale on data quality

8.7 Role of metadata in GIS analysis

8.8 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 9: GIS Analysis: Fundamentals of Spatial Query

9.1 Introduction to spatial analysis

9.2 Querying operations in GIS

9.3 Structured query language (SQL)

9.4 Raster data query by cell value

9.5 Spatial join and relate

9.6 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

Hands-on exercises

References

Chapter 10: Topics in Vector Analysis

10.1 Basics of geoprocessing (buffer, dissolve, clipping, erase, and overlay)

10.2 Topology and geometric computations (various measurements)

10.3 Proximity and network analysis

10.4 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

Hands-on exercises

References

Chapter 11: Topics in Raster Analysis

11.1 Topics in raster analysis

11.2 Local operations

11.3 Reclassification

11.4 Zonal operations

11.5 Calculation of area, perimeter, and shape

11.6 Statistical operations

11.7 Neighborhood operations

11.8 Determination of distance, proximity, and connectivity in raster

11.9 Physical distance and cost distance analysis

11.10 Buffer analysis in raster

11.11 Viewshed analysis

11.12 Raster data management (mask, spatial clip, and mosaic)

11.13 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

Hands-on exercises

References

Chapter 12: Terrain Analysis and Watershed Delineation

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Topics in watershed characterization and analysis

12.3 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Part III: Foundations of Modeling

Chapter 13: Introduction to Water Resources Modeling

13.1 Mathematical modeling in water resources engineering and science

13.2 Overview of mathematical modeling in water resources engineering and science

13.3 Conceptual modeling: phenomena, processes, and parameters of a system

13.4 Common approaches used to develop mathematical models in water resources engineering

13.5 Coupling mathematical models with GIS

13.6 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 14: Water Budgets and Conceptual Models

14.1 Flow modeling in a homogeneous system (boxed or lumped model)

14.2 Flow modeling in heterogeneous systems (control volume approach)

14.3 Conceptual model: soil conservation survey curve number method

14.4 Fully coupled watershed-scale water balance model: soil water assessment tool (SWAT)

14.5 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 15: Statistical and Geostatistical Modeling

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression

15.3 Logistic regression

15.4 Data reduction and classification techniques

15.5 Topics in spatial interpolation and sampling

15.6 Geostatistical Methods

15.7 Kriging

15.8 Critical issues in interpolation

15.9 Concluding remarks

Hands-on exercises

References

Chapter 16: Decision Analytic and Information Theoretic Models

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Decision analytic models

16.3 Information theoretic approaches

16.4 Spatial data mining (SDM) for knowledge discovery in a database

16.5 The trend of temporal data modeling in GIS

16.6 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 17: Considerations for GIS and Model Integration

17.1 Introduction

17.2 An overview of practical considerations in adopting and integrating GIS into water resources projects

17.3 Theoretical considerations related to GIS and water resources model integration

17.4 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 18: Useful Geoprocessing Tasks While Carrying Out Water Resources Modeling

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Getting all data into a common projection

18.3 Adding point (

X

,

Y

) data and calculating their projected coordinates

18.4 Image registration and rectification

18.5 Editing tools to transfer information to vectors

18.6 GIS for cartography and visualization

18.7 Concluding remarks

Conceptual questions

References

Chapter 19: Automating Geoprocessing Tasks in GIS

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Object-oriented programming paradigm

19.3 Vectorized (array) geoprocessing

19.4 Making nongeographic attribute calculations

19.5 Using ModelBuilder to automate geoprocessing tasks

19.6 Using Python scripting for geoprocessing

19.7 Introduction to some useful Python constructs

19.8 ArcPy geoprocessing modules and site-package

19.9 Learning Python and scripting with ArcGIS

19.10 Concluding remarks

References

Part IV: Illustrative Case Studies

Chapter 20: Watershed Delineation: Case Study: ArcGIS Hydrologic Tools and ArcHydro

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Background

20.3 Methods

20.4 Concluding remarks

References

Chapter 21: Loosely Coupled Hydrologic Model: Case Study: Integration of GIS and Geocomputation for Water Budget Calculation

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Study area

21.3 Methods

21.4 Results and discussions

21.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 22: Watershed Characterization: Case Study: Spatially Explicit Watershed Runoff Potential Characterization Using ArcGIS

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Background

22.3 Approach

22.4 Summary and conclusions

References

Chapter 23: Tightly Coupled Models with GIS for Watershed Impact Assessment: Case Study: Analysis and Modeling of Watershed Urbanization