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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Build real-world, production-ready solutions in Go using cutting-edge technology and techniques
About This Book
- Get up to date with Go and write code capable of delivering massive world-class scale performance and availability
- Learn to apply the nuances of the Go language, and get to know the open source community that surrounds it to implement a wide range of start-up quality projects
- Write interesting and clever but simple code, and learn skills and techniques that are directly transferrable to your own projects
Who This Book Is For
If you are familiar with Go and are want to put your knowledge to work, then this is the book for you. Go programming knowledge is a must.
What You Will Learn
- Build quirky and fun projects from scratch while exploring patterns, practices, and techniques, as well as a range of different technologies
- Create websites and data services capable of massive scale using Go's net/http package, exploring RESTful patterns as well as low-latency WebSocket APIs
- Interact with a variety of remote web services to consume capabilities ranging from authentication and authorization to a fully functioning thesaurus
- Develop high-quality command-line tools that utilize the powerful shell capabilities and perform well using Go's in-built concurrency mechanisms
- Build microservices for larger organizations using the Go Kit library
- Implement a modern document database as well as high-throughput messaging queue technology to put together an architecture that is truly ready to scale
- Write concurrent programs and gracefully manage the execution of them and communication by smartly using channels
- Get a feel for app deployment using Docker and Google App Engine
In Detail
Go is the language of the Internet age, and the latest version of Go comes with major architectural changes. Implementation of the language, runtime, and libraries has changed significantly. The compiler and runtime are now written entirely in Go. The garbage collector is now concurrent and provides dramatically lower pause times by running in parallel with other Go routines when possible.
This book will show you how to leverage all the latest features and much more. This book shows you how to build powerful systems and drops you into real-world situations. You will learn to develop high-quality command-line tools that utilize the powerful shell capabilities and perform well using Go's in-built concurrency mechanisms. Scale, performance, and high availability lie at the heart of our projects, and the lessons learned throughout this book will arm you with everything you need to build world-class solutions. You will get a feel for app deployment using Docker and Google App Engine. Each project could form the basis of a start-up, which means they are directly applicable to modern software markets.
Style and approach
This book provides fun projects that involve building applications from scratch. These projects will teach you to build chat applications, a distributed system, and a recommendation system.
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Seitenzahl: 507
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
Go Programming Blueprints Second Edition
Go Programming Blueprints Second Edition
Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: January 2015
Second edition: October 2016
Production reference: 1211016
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham
B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78646-894-9
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Author
Mat Ryer
Copy Editor
Stuti Srivastava
Reviewers
Michael Hamrah
David Hernandez
Project Coordinator
Suzanne Coutinho
Commissioning Editor
Kunal Parikh
Proofreader
SAFIS Editing
Acquisition Editor
Sonali Vernekar
Indexer
Tejal Daruwale Soni
Content Development Editor
Siddhi Chavan
Graphics
Abhinash Sahu
Technical Editors
Bhavin Savalia
Dhiraj Chandanshive
Production Coordinator
Aparna Bhagat
About the Author
Mat Ryer has been programming computers since he was 6 years old; he and his father would build games and programs, first in BASIC on a ZX Spectrum and then in AmigaBASIC and AMOS on Commodore Amiga. Many hours were spent on manually copying the code from Amiga Format magazine and tweaking variables or moving GOTO statements around to see what might happen. The same spirit of exploration and obsession with programming led Mat to start work with a local agency in Mansfield, England, when he was 18, where he started to build websites and services.
In 2006, Mat left rural Nottinghamshire for London, where he took a job at BT. It was here that he worked with a talented group of developers and managers on honing his agile development skills and developing the light flavor that he still uses today.
After being contracted around London for a few years, coding everything from C# and Objective-C to Ruby and JavaScript, Mat noticed a new systems language called Go that Google was pioneering. Since it addressed very pertinent and relevant modern technical challenges, Mat started using it to solve problems while the language was still in the beta stage and he has used it ever since.
In 2012, Mat moved to Boulder, Colorado, where he worked on a variety of projects, from big data web services and highly available systems to small side projects and charitable endeavors. He returned home, to London, in 2015 after the company he was working in was sold. Mat, to this day, continues to use Go to build a variety of products, services, and open-source projects. He writes articles about Go on his blog at matryer.com and tweets about Go with the handle @matryer.
Mat is a regular speaker at Go conferences around the world and encourages people to come up and introduce themselves if their paths ever cross.
Acknowledgments
I wouldn't have been able to write this book, or the second edition, without the help of the wonderful Laurie Edwards, who, while working on her own projects took the time to keep me organized and focused. Without her continuous and undying support, I dare say this book (along with every other project I have embarked on) would never have happened. Development heroes of mine include David Hernández (@dahernan on GitHub), who delights in telling me that my ideas are "terrible" before later falling in love with them; Ernesto Jiménez, who works extremely hard and extremely effectively on private and public projects alike; Tyler Bunnell (@tylerb on GitHub), who I learned Go with; and Ryan Quinn (@mazondo on GitHub), who seems to build an app a day and is living proof of how building something, however simple, is always better than building nothing. Thanks also goes out to Tim Schreiner for engaging in debates with me over the good and bad bits of Go as well as being my go-to guy on matters close to and beyond the fringes of computer science. Thanks go to the core Go team for building such a fun language and to the entire Go community, who have saved me months of development with their contributions. A special shout out to the Women Who Go and Go Bridge (@golangbridge on Twitter) groups, who are working increasingly hard to help us reach and maintain a rich and diversely populated community. Special thanks also goes to everyone who has supported me in my life and helped me in developing what I love into a career, including, but not limited to, Nick and Maggie Ryer, Chris Ryer, Glenn and Tracey Wilson, Phil Jackson, Aaron Edell, Sek Chai, David Hernández, Ernesto Jiménez, Blaine Garst, Tim and Stacey Stockhaus, Tom Szabo, Steve Davis, Mark Gray, John Motz, Rory Donnelly, Piotr Rojek, Corey Prak, Peter Bourgon, Andrew Gerrand, Dave Cheney, William (Bill) Kennedy, Matt Heath, Carlisia Campos, Tiffany Jernigan, Natalie Pistunovich, Simon Howard, Sean Thompson, Jeff Cavins, Edd Grant, Alan Meade, Steve Cart, Andy Jackson, Aditya Pradana, Andy Joslin, Kal Chottai, Tim Ryer, Emma Payne, Corey and Ashton Ryer, Clair Ryer, Gareth and Dylan Evans, Holly Smitheman, Phil Edwards, Tracey Edwards, Kirsten, Megan and Paul Krawczyk, Alex, Adriénne and Ethan Edwards, Chantelle and Greg Rosson, and all my other great friends and family. In the loving memory of Maggie Ryer, 1961 - 2015.
About the Reviewer
Michael Hamrah is a software engineer from Brooklyn, New York, specializing in scalable and distributed systems with more than a decade of development experience. He is currently working as a Senior Software Engineer at Uber focusing on metrics and monitoring systems, which handles billions of low-latency events per day across multiple data centers. He works primarily with Go and has an extensive experience with all levels of the software stack . He can be reached on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/hamrah.
David Hernandez is an independent software engineer from London. He helps companies improve their software. He has worked in different countries, such as Spain, UK, and Australia. He has participated in projects such as the BBC London Olympics 2012. Additionally, he has also helped to achieve Continuous Delivery at Atlassian, and he has delivered services to citizens at UK Government Digital Services.
You can find David speaking and collaborating at the Go London User Group, as Go is his favorite programming language.
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Preface
I have been blown away by the response Go Programming Blueprints has received, both from newcomers to Go, as well as well-respected titans of the community. The positive feedback has inspired me to do this second edition, where the code has been updated to the latest thinking and three new chapters have been added. Thanks to the contributions and questions from readers on the GitHub repository (https://github.com/matryer/goblueprints), I have been able to address some errors, fix some bugs, and clear some things up. See the README file on GitHub for a complete list of their names.
I decided to write Go Programming Blueprints because I wanted to expel the myth that Go, being a relatively young language and community, is a bad choice to write and iterate on software quickly. I have a friend who knocks out complete Ruby on Rails apps in a weekend by mashing up pre-existing gems and libraries; Rails as a platform has become known for enabling rapid development. As I do the same with Go and the ever-growing buffet of open source packages, I wanted to share some real-world examples of how we can quickly build and release software that performs well from day one and is ready to scale when our projects take off in a way that Rails cannot compete with. Of course, most scalability happens outside the language, but features such as Go's built-in concurrency mean you can get some very impressive results from even the most basic hardware, giving you a head start when things start to get real.
This book explores some very different projects, any of which can form the basis of a genuine startup. Whether it's a low-latency chat application, a domain name suggestion tool, a social polling and election service built on Twitter, or a random night out generator powered by Google Places, each chapter touches upon a variety of problems that most products or services written in Go will need to address. The solutions I present in this book are just one of many ways to tackle each project, and I will encourage you to make up your own mind about how I approached them. The concepts are more important than the code itself, but you'll hopefully pick up a few tips and tricks here and there that can go into your Go toolbelt.
New to this second edition, we will explore some practical modern architectural thinking, such as how to build for Google App Engine, what a microservice looks like, and how to package up our code with Docker and deploy to anywhere.
The process by which I wrote this book may be interesting because it represents something about the philosophies adopted by many agile developers. I started by giving myself the challenge of building a real deployable product (albeit a simple one; a minimum viable product, if you will) before getting stuck into it and writing a version 1. Once I got it working, I would rewrite it from scratch. It is said many times by novelists and journalists that the art of writing is rewriting; I have found this to be true for software as well. The first time we write a piece of code, all we are really doing is learning about the problem and how it might be tackled, as well as getting some of our thinking out of our heads and onto paper, or into a text editor. The second time we write it, we are applying our new knowledge to actually solve the problem. If you've never tried this, give it a shot—you might find that the quality of your code shoots up quite dramatically as I did. It doesn't mean the second time will be the last time—software evolves and we should try to keep it as cheap and disposable as possible so we don't mind throwing pieces away if they go stale or start to get in the way.
I write all of my code following Test-driven development (TDD) practices, some of which we will do together throughout the book and some you'll just see the result of in the final code. All of the test code can be found in the GitHub repositories for this book, even if it's not included in print.
Once I had my test-driven second versions completed, I started writing the chapter describing how and why I did what I did. In most cases, the iterative approach I took is left out of the book because it would just add pages of tweaks and edits, which would probably just become frustrating for the reader. However, on a couple of occasions, we will iterate together to get a feel of how a process of gradual improvements and small iterations (starting and keeping it simple and introducing complexity only when absolutely necessary) can be applied when writing Go packages and programs.
I moved to the United States from England in 2012, but that is not why the chapters are authored in American English; it was a requirement from the publisher. I suppose this book is aimed at an American audience, or perhaps it's because American English is the standard language of computing (in British code, properties that deal with color are spelled without the U). Either way, I apologize in advance for any trans-Atlantic slips; I know how pedantic programmers can be.
Any questions, improvements, suggestions, or debates (I love how opinionated the Go community—as well as the core team and the language itself—is) are more than welcome. These should probably take place in the GitHub issues for the book setup, specifically at https://github.com/matryer/goblueprints, so that everybody can take part.
Finally, I would be thrilled if somebody forms a start-up based on any of these projects, or makes use of them in other places. I would love to hear about it; you can tweet me at @matryer.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Chat Application with Web Sockets, shows how to build a complete web application that allows multiple people to have a real-time conversation right in their web browser. We will see how the NET/HTTP package let us serve HTML pages as well as connect to the client's browser with web sockets.
Chapter 2, Adding User Accounts, shows how to add OAuth to our chat application so that we can keep track of who is saying what, but let them log in using Google, Facebook, or GitHub.
Chapter 3, Three Ways to Implement Profile Pictures, explains how to add profile pictures to the chat application taken from either the authentication service, the Gravitar.com web service, or by allowing users to upload their own picture from their hard drive.
Chapter 4, Command-Line Tools to Find Domain Names, explores how easy building command-line tools is in Go and puts those skills to use to tackle the problem of finding the perfect domain name for our chat application. It also explores how easy Go makes it to utilize the standard-in and standard-out pipes to produce some pretty powerful composable tools.
Chapter 5, Building Distributed Systems and Working with Flexible Data, explains how to prepare for the future of democracy by building a highly-scalable Twitter polling and vote counting engine powered by NSQ and MongoDB.
Chapter 6, Exposing Data and Functionality through a RESTful Data Web Service API, looks at how to expose the capabilities we built in Chapter 5, Building Distributed Systems and Working with Flexible Data, through a JSON web service, specifically how the wrapping http.HandlerFunc functions give us a powerful pipeline pattern.
Chapter 7, Random Recommendations Web Service, shows how to consume the Google Places API to generate a location-based random recommendations API that represents a fun way to explore any area. It also explores why it's important to keep internal data structures private, controlling the public view into the same data, as well as how to implement enumerators in Go.
Chapter 8, Filesystem Backup, helps to build a simple but powerful filesystem backup tool for our code projects and explore interacting with the filesystem using the OS package from the Go standard library. It also looks at how Go's interfaces allow simple abstractions to yield powerful results.
Chapter 9, Building a Q&A Application for Google App Engine, shows how to build applications that can be deployed to Google's infrastructure and run at high scale with little to no operational duties for us. The project we build utilizes some of the cloud services available on Google App Engine, including the Google Cloud Datastore—a highly available and extremely fast schema-less data storage option.
Chapter 10, Micro-services in Go with the Go Kit Framework, explores a modern software architecture paradigm whereby large monolithic applications are broken down into discrete services with a singular focus. The services run independently of each other, allowing them to be individually scaled to meet demand. Go Kit is a software framework that addresses some of the challenges of a microservice architecture while remaining agnostic to the implementation details.
Chapter 11, Deploying Go Applications Using Docker, looks at how simple it is to build Docker images to package and deploy the application we built in Chapter 9, Building a Q&A Application for Google App Engine. We will write a Dockerfile that describes the image, and use the Docker tools to build the image, which we will then deploy to the Digital Ocean cloud.
Appendix, Good Practices for a Stable Go Environment, shows how to install Go from scratch on a new machine and discusses some of the environmental options we have and the impact they might have in the future. We will look at a few code editor (or IDE—Integrated Developer Environment) options and also consider how collaboration might influence some of our decisions as well as the impact open sourcing our packages might have.
What you need for this book
To compile and run the code from this book, you will need a computer capable of running an operating system that supports the Go toolset, a list of which can be found at https://golang.org/doc/install#requirements.
Appendix, Good Practices for a Stable Go Environment, has some useful tips to install Go and set up your development environment, including how to work with the GOPATH environment variable.
Who this book is for
This book is for all Go programmers, ranging from beginners looking to explore the language by building real projects to expert gophers with an interest in how the language can be applied in interesting ways.
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