Handbook of Safety Principles E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Wiley Series in Operations Research and Management Science
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1604

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Beschreibung

Presents recent breakthroughs in the theory, methods, and applications of safety and risk analysis for safety engineers, risk analysts, and policy makers Safety principles are paramount to addressing structured handling of safety concerns in all technological systems. This handbook captures and discusses the multitude of safety principles in a practical and applicable manner. It is organized by five overarching categories of safety principles: Safety Reserves; Information and Control; Demonstrability; Optimization; and Organizational Principles and Practices. With a focus on the structured treatment of a large number of safety principles relevant to all related fields, each chapter defines the principle in question and discusses its application as well as how it relates to other principles and terms. This treatment includes the history, the underlying theory, and the limitations and criticism of the principle. Several chapters also problematize and critically discuss the very concept of a safety principle. The book treats issues such as: What are safety principles and what roles do they have? What kinds of safety principles are there? When, if ever, should rules and principles be disobeyed? How do safety principles relate to the law; what is the status of principles in different domains? The book also features: * Insights from leading international experts on safety and reliability * Real-world applications and case studies including systems usability, verification and validation, human reliability, and safety barriers * Different taxonomies for how safety principles are categorized * Breakthroughs in safety and risk science that can significantly change, improve, and inform important practical decisions * A structured treatment of safety principles relevant to numerous disciplines and application areas in industry and other sectors of society * Comprehensive and practical coverage of the multitude of safety principles including maintenance optimization, substitution, safety automation, risk communication, precautionary approaches, non-quantitative safety analysis, safety culture, and many others The Handbook of Safety Principles is an ideal reference and resource for professionals engaged in risk and safety analysis and research. This book is also appropriate as a graduate and PhD-level textbook for courses in risk and safety analysis, reliability, safety engineering, and risk management offered within mathematics, operations research, and engineering departments. NIKLAS MÖLLER, PhD, is Associate Professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. The author of approximately 20 international journal articles, Dr. Möller's research interests include the philosophy of risk, metaethics, philosophy of science, and epistemology. SVEN OVE HANSSON, PhD, is Professor of Philosophy at the Royal Institute of Technology. He has authored over 300 articles in international journals and is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. Dr. Hansson is also a Topical Editor for the Wiley Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science. JAN-ERIK HOLMBERG, PhD, is Senior Consultant at Risk Pilot AB and Adjunct Professor of Probabilistic Riskand Safety Analysis at the Royal Institute of Technology. Dr. Holmberg received his PhD in Applied Mathematics from Helsinki University of Technology in 1997. CARL ROLLENHAGEN, PhD, is Adjunct Professor of Risk and Safety at the Royal Institute of Technology. Dr. Rollenhagen has performed extensive research in the field of human factors and MTO (Man, Technology, and Organization) with a specific emphasis on safety culture and climate, event investigation methods, and organizational safety assessment.

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Wiley Essentials in Operations Research and Management Science

Founding Series EditorJames J. Cochran, Louisiana Tech University

Wiley Essentials in Operations Research and Management Science is a unique collection of international research written by recognized experts and features both state-of-the-art developments in the field and classical methods that are appropriate for researchers, practitioners, policy makers, academicians, and students alike. Inspired by the Wiley Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science (EORMS), this authoritative series covers topics of current research and practical interest and has a global emphasis on specific and key areas of study within the diverse field of operations research and management science. This broad collection of books provides wide-ranging and complete coverage within individual books and unifies the most important and key advances in the theory, methods, and applications within a specific area of study. Each book in the series successfully upholds the goals of EORMS by combining established literature and newly developed contributions written by leading academics, researchers, and practitioners in a comprehensive and accessible format. The result is a succinct reference that unveils modern, cutting-edge approaches to acquiring, analyzing, and presenting information across various subject areas.

Published Wiley Essentials in Operations Research and Management Science

Cox • Breakthroughs in Decision Science and Risk Analysis MÖller, Hansson, Holmberg, and Rollenhagen • Handbook of Safety Principles

Handbook of Safety Principles

Edited by

Niklas Möller Sven Ove Hansson Jan-Erik Holmberg Carl Rollenhagen

This edition first published 2018 © 2018 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The rights of Niklas Möller, Sven Ove Hansson, Jan-Erik Holmberg, and Carl Rollenhagen to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work have been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: Möller, Niklas, editor. | Hansson, Sven Ove, 1951- editor. | Holmberg, Jan-Erik, editor.

Title: Handbook of safety principles / edited by Niklas Möller, Sven Ove Hansson,

 Jan-Erik Holmberg, Carl Rollenhagen.

Description: Hoboken : Wiley, 2017. | Series: Wiley essentials in operations research and

 management science; 9 | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

Identifiers: LCCN 2017024321 (print) | LCCN 2017049290 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118950708 (pdf) |

 ISBN 9781118950715 (epub) | ISBN 9781118950692 (hardback)

Subjects: LCSH: Industrial safety–Management. | Accidents–Prevention. | Industrial hygiene. |

 BISAC: BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Production & Operations Management. |

 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Industrial Health & Safety. |

 TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Industrial Engineering.

Classification: LCC HD7261 (ebook) | LCC HD7261 .H36 2017 (print) | DDC 658.4/08–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017024321

Cover image: “Work with care” Courtesy of Library of Congress

Cover design by Wiley

CONTENTS

Preface

List of Contributors

1: Introduction

1.1 Competition, Overlap, and Conflicts

1.2 A New Level in the Study of Safety Principles

1.3 Metaprinciples of Safety

1.4 Other Ways to Characterize Safety Principles

1.5 Conflicts Between Safety Principles

1.6 When Can Safety Principles Be Broken?

1.7 Safety in Context

References

Notes

2: Preview

2.1 Part I: Safety Reserves

2.2 Part II: Information and Control

2.3 Part III: Demonstrability

2.4 Part IV: Optimization

2.5 Part V: Organizational Principles and Practices

Part I: Safety Reserves

3: Resilience Engineering and the Future of Safety Management

3.1 On the Origins of Resilience

3.2 The Resilience Engineering Understanding of “Resilience”

3.3 The Four Potentials for Resilience Performance

3.4 Safety Management Systems

3.5 Developing Definitions of Resilience

3.6 Managing the Potentials for Resilient Performance

3.7 Resilience Management: LP-HI OR HP-LI?

References

4: Defense-in-Depth

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

4.3 Redundancy, Diversity, and Separation Principles

4.4 Use and Implementation

4.5 Empirical Research on use and Efficiency

4.6 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

4.7 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

Further Reading

5: Safety Barriers

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Origin and Theoretical Background

5.3 Definitions and Terminology

5.4 Classification of Barriers

5.5 Methods for Analysis of Safety Barriers

5.6 Quality and Efficiency of Barriers

5.7 Discussion and Conclusions

References

6: Factors and Margins of Safety

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Origin and History

6.3 Definitions and Terminology

6.4 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

6.5 Use and Implementation

6.6 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

6.7 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

6.8 Relations to Other Safety Principles

Acknowledgment

References

Further Reading

Notes

Part II: Information and Control

7: Experience Feedback

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Origin and History

7.3 Definitions

7.4 Underlying Theories and Assumptions

7.5 Use and Implementation

7.6 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

7.7 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

Further Reading

8: Risk and Safety Indicators

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Origin and History

8.3 Definitions and Terminology

8.4 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

8.5 Use and Implementation

8.6 Empirical Research on Use and Efficacy

8.7 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

8.8 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

9: Principles of Human Factors Engineering

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Principle 1: HFE is Design Thinking

9.3 Principle 2: HFE Studies Human as a Manifold Entity

9.4 Principle 3: HFE Focuses on Technology in Use

9.5 Principle 4: Safety is Achieved Through Continuous HFE

9.6 Relation to Other Safety Principles

9.7 Limitations

9.8 Conclusions

References

Further Reading

10: Safety Automation

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Origin and History

10.3 Definitions and Terminology

10.4 Underlying Theories and Assumptions

10.5 Use and Implementation

10.6 Research on Use and Efficiency

10.7 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

10.8 Relations to Other Safety Principles

10.9 Summary and Conclusions

References

Notes

11: Risk Communication

11.1 Introduction

11.2 The Origin and History of Risk Communication as Academic Field

11.3 Underlying Assumptions, Concepts and Empirical Data on Risk Communication Models

11.4 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

11.5 Final Word

References

Further Reading

12: The Precautionary Principle

12.1 Introduction

12.2 History and Current Use

12.3 Definitions

12.4 Underlying Theory

12.5 Research on Use and Efficiency

12.6 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

12.7 Relation to Expected Utility and Probabilistic Risk Assessment

12.8 Relations to Other Safety Principles

Acknowledgment

References

Further Reading

Notes

13: Operating Procedure

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Manual, Guideline, and Procedure

13.3 Existing Principles for Developing a Good Procedure

13.4 Additional Principle to Develop a Good Procedure

13.5 Concluding Remarks

References

Further Reading

14: Human–Machine System

14.1 Human–Machine System

14.2 Complex Systems

14.3 To Control a Complex System

14.4 Operator Demands

14.5 Performance-Shaping Factors

14.6 User Interface Design

14.7 Demands on the Environment

14.8 Handling Complexity

References

Part III: Demonstrability

15: Quality Principles and Their Applications to Safety

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Improvement Knowledge and its Application to Safety

15.3 Health-Care Improvement and Patient Safety

15.4 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

15.5 Some Personal Experiences

15.6 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

Further Reading

16: Safety Cases

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Origins and History

16.3 Definitions and Terminology

16.4 Underlying Theory

16.5 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

16.6 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticisms

16.7 Relationship to Other Principles

References

Further Reading

17: Inherently Safe Design

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Origin and History of the Principle

17.3 Definitions and Terminology

17.4 Use and Implementation

17.5 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

17.6 Weaknesses, Limitation, and Criticism

17.7 Relation to Other Principles

References

18: Maintenance, Maintainability, and Inspectability

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Origin and History

18.3 Underlying Theory, Theoretical Assumptions, Definition, and Terminology

18.4 Use and Implementation

18.5 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

18.6 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

18.7 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

Further Reading

Notes

Part IV: Optimization

19: On The Risk-Informed Regulation for the Safety Against External Hazards

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Risk-Regulation in Safety Against Environmental Risks

19.3 Dealing with Uncertainties in Risk-Informed Regulation

19.4 Limitations of the Current Risk Measures

19.5 Spatial Risk

19.6 Temporal Risk

19.7 Conclusions and Recommendations

Acknowledgment

References

20: Quantitative Risk Analysis

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Origin and History

20.3 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

20.4 Use and Implementation

20.5 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

20.6 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

20.7 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

Further Reading

Notes

21: Qualitative Risk Analysis

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Origin and History of the Principle

21.3 Definitions

21.4 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

21.5 Use and Implementation

21.6 Strengths, Weaknesses, Limitations and Criticism

21.7 Experiences of Preliminary Hazard Identification Methods

21.8 Experiences of Hazop Studies

21.9 Experiences of Risk Estimation Methods

21.10 Summary of Strengths and Limitations

21.11 Experiences from Complex Machinery Applications

21.12 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

22: Principles and Limitations of Cost–Benefit Analysis for Safety Investments

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Principles of Cost–Benefit Analysis

22.3 CBA Methodologies

22.4 Conclusions

References

23: RAMS Optimization Principles

List of Acronyms

23.1 Introduction to Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety (RAMS) Optimization

23.2 Multi-Objective Optimization

23.3 Solution Methods

23.4 Performance Measures

23.5 Selection of Preferred Solutions

23.6 Guidelines for Implementation and Use

23.7 Numerical Case Study

23.8 Discussion

23.9 Relations to Other Principles

References

Further Reading

24: Maintenance Optimization and Its Relation to Safety

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Related Principles and Terms

24.3 Maintenance Optimization

24.4 Discussion and Conclusions

Further Reading

References

25: Human Reliability Analysis

25.1 Introduction With Examples

25.2 Origin and History of the Principle

25.3 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

25.4 Use and Implementation

25.5 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

25.6 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

25.7 Relationship with Other Principles

References

Notes

26: Alara, Bat, and the substitution Principle

26.1 Introduction

26.2 Alara

26.3 Best Available Technology

26.4 The Substitution Principle

26.5 Comparative Discussion

Acknowledgment

References

Further Reading

Notes

Part V: Organizational Principles and Practices

27: Safety Management Principles

27.1 Introduction

27.2 Origin and History of the Principle

27.3 Definitions

27.4 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

27.5 Use and Implementation

27.6 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

27.7 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

27.8 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

Further Reading

28: Safety Culture

28.1 Introduction

28.2 Origin and History

28.3 Definitions and Terminology

28.4 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

28.5 Empirical Research

28.6 Use and Implementation

28.7 Weaknesses and Critique

28.8 Main Messages and What the Concept Tells About Safety

References

Notes

29: Principles of Behavior-Based Safety

29.1 Introduction

29.2 Origin and History of BBS

29.3 Leadership

29.4 Physical Environment/Conditions

29.5 Systems

29.6 Behaviors

29.7 Employee Involvement and Ownership

29.8 Person States

29.9 The Benefits of Behavior-Based Safety

29.10 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticisms

29.11 Relationship with Other Principles

References

Further Reading

Note

30: Principles of Emergency Plans and Crisis Management

30.1 Introduction

30.2 Origin and History

30.3 Definitions and Terminology

30.4 Underlying Theory and Theoretical Assumptions

30.5 Use and Implementation

30.6 Empirical Research on Use and Efficiency

30.7 Weaknesses, Limitations, and Criticism

30.8 Relations to Other Safety Principles

References

Further Reading

Note

31: Safety Standards: Chronic Challenges and Emerging Principles

31.1 Introduction

31.2 Definitions and Terminology

31.3 Organization of Safety Standards

31.4 Domain Specific Principles

31.5 Development of Standards

31.6 Rationale in Standards

31.7 Chapter Summary

References

Further Reading

32: Managing the Unexpected

32.1 Introduction

32.2 Defining the Unexpected

32.3 Thirty Years of Research on the Unexpected

32.4 Managing the Unexpected

32.5 Relation to Other Principles: Further Reading

32.6 Conclusion

References

Notes

Index

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Chapter 5

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Table 5.4

Table 5.5

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Chapter 12

Table 12.1

Table 12.2

Table 12.3

Chapter 13

Table 13.1

Table 13.2

Table 13.3

Table 13.4

Table 13.5

Table 13.6

Chapter 19

Table 19.1

Chapter 20

Table 20.1

Table 20.2

Table 20.3

Chapter 21

Table 21.1

Table 21.2

Table 21.3

Chapter 22

Table 22.1

Chapter 23

Table 23.1

Table 23.2

Table 23.3

Chapter 27

Table 27.1

Table 27.2

Chapter 28

Table 28.1

Chapter 29

Table 29.1

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

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Preface

The history of this volume goes back several years to a discussion among the four editors about the lack in the safety literature of a comprehensive overview of safety principles. The discussion took place at the Academy for Nuclear Safety at KTH (The Royal Institute of Technology), where we have collected a group of researchers from as diverse fields as philosophy, psychology, and risk analysis. Our main aim is to promote communication between practitioners and researchers in all aspects of safety and security, and one of our activities is a yearly workshop on a central safety topic. In 2013, the theme of our symposium was Safety Principles. The discussions before, during, and after the symposium confirmed the need for a thorough and comprehensive volume about safety principles. We decided that a handbook with leading experts in the field would be the best way to sum up and discuss the vast and complex landscape of principles of safety. To our great satisfaction, this idea was strongly supported both by the colleagues whom we invited to contribute to this handbook and by Wiley-Blackwell, who generously offered to include the handbook in their book series Wiley Essentials in Operations Research and Management Science and in the web-based Wiley Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science (EORMS).

This book consists of 32 chapters in total. The first two are introductory: “Introduction,” putting the handbook in a broader context, and “Preview,” providing an overview of the contents of the handbook. The 30 main chapters of the handbook are then categorized into five parts: Safety Reserves, Information and Control, Demonstrability, Optimization, and Organizational Principles and Practices.

We would like to thank all the contributors for excellent cooperation, and not least for their many substantial comments on the overall theme of the handbook as well as each other's chapters. All the chapters were thoroughly discussed on our workshop in Stockholm, April 22–23, 2015, followed by several e-mail exchanges and personal meetings. We would like to thank Kathleen Pagliaro and Susanne Steitz-Filler for invaluable editorial help and for their support and belief in the project.

Stockholm and Esbo September 2017 Niklas Möller, Sven Ove Hansson, Jan-Erik Holmberg and Carl Rollenhagen

List of Contributors

Håkan Alm

is professor emeritus in engineering psychology at Luleå University of Technology in Luleå, Sweden, where he was a professor from 2002 until 2016. His research interests cover many areas such as cognitive psychology, traffic psychology, new technology and safety, human work conditions, risk perception, and safety in complex systems. He has publications in international journals, book chapters, and technical reports. He has been a supervisor for 10 PhD students. His teaching activities cover a broad spectrum in psychology and engineering psychology.

Bo Bergman

is professor emeritus at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden and retired in 2015 from a chair in Quality Sciences. From 2012 to 2015, he was a guest professor at Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan. His career started with 15 years in the aerospace industry, during which time he also became a PhD in mathematical statistics from Lund University, Lund, Sweden in 1978, and was a part-time professor in reliability at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (1981–1983). In 1983, he became a professor of quality technology at Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, and in 1999, he was appointed the SKF professor in quality management at Chalmers University of Technology. Bergman was a co-founder of the Centre for Healthcare Improvement (CHI) at Chalmers and its first director (2004–2009). As a professor, he has supervised a large number of PhD students, many of whom are now professors themselves. Professor Bergman is a member of the International Statistical Institute (ISI) and an academician of the International Academy for Quality (IAQ).

Jon Bokrantz

is a PhD student in the area of production service systems and maintenance at the Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology. He has a background in production engineering, and his research focuses on maintenance in digital manufacturing.

Neelke Doorn

is a full professor Ethics of Water Engineering at the Technical University Delft, the Netherlands, with a background in civil engineering (MSc), philosophy (MA, PhD), and law (LLM). She is editor-in-chief of

Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology

(official journal of the Society for Philosophy and Technology). Her current research concentrates on moral issues in risk governance, with a special focus on water-related risks. In 2013, she was awarded a personal Veni grant for outstanding researchers from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). She was shortlisted for the Engineer of the Year Award 2014 from KIVI NIRIA, a Dutch professional engineering organization, for her work on the interface of ethics and engineering.

Ann Enander

is a licensed psychologist and professor of leadership psychology at the Leadership Center of the Swedish Defence University in Karlstad, Sweden. Her research has primarily been concerned with issues of risk perception and communication, emergency preparedness and crisis management at the local, regional, and national level. Her empirical work encompasses studies of a number of crises and critical events including the Chernobyl disaster, the Kobe earthquake, the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic, and other technological and natural disasters. She has published more than 100 articles, book chapters, and books. She is a fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences, and currently government-appointed member of the Advisory Monitoring Board of the Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate and of the Swedish Defense Recruitment Agency. She is also a past president of the Society for Risk Analysis Europe.

Roger Flage

is an assistant professor of risk analysis at the University of Stavanger, Norway. He has a PhD in risk management and societal safety, a master's degree in offshore technology with specialization in offshore safety, and a bachelor's degree in health, safety, and environmental engineering. He has also worked as a consultant in the field of risk assessment and risk management. His research focuses on risk and uncertainty assessment, integrated risk management and risk-informed decision-making, and maintenance modeling and optimization. He is a member of the editorial board of the journal

Risk Analysis

.

Pieter van Gelder

is a professor of safety science at the Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management of Delft University of Technology and director of the TU Delft Safety and Security Institute. He is also the chairman of the ESRA Technical Committee on Safety from Natural Hazards. Van Gelder has been involved in research and education on safety and reliability since 1991. His research interests are in risk analysis and optimization of systems, processes, and structures. He teaches 4th and 5th year courses at TU Delft and conducts research on new methods and techniques in risk analysis. Van Gelder has authored and co-authored over 300 papers and several books in the field of risk and safety and has supervised over 50 MSc students and 15 PhD students.

E. Scott Geller

, PhD, is an Alumni Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychology at Virginia Tech, and senior partner at Safety Performance Solutions, Inc

.

He authored, edited, or co-authored 41 books, 82 book chapters, 39 training programs, 259 magazine articles, and more than 300 research articles addressing the development and evaluation of behavior-change interventions to improve quality of life on a large scale. His most recent 700-page book

Applied Psychology: Actively Caring for People

, published by Cambridge University Press, reflects the mission of his teaching, research, and scholarship throughout his 49-year career. He was awarded the statewide Virginia Outstanding Faculty Award by the State Council of Higher Education, and he has received lifetime achievement awards from the International Organizational Behavior Management Network (in 2008) and the American Psychological Foundation (in 2009). The College of Wooster awarded E. Scott Geller the honorary degree Doctor of Humane Letters.

Gudela Grote

is a professor of work and organizational psychology at the Department of Management, Technology, and Economics at the ETH Zürich, Switzerland. She received her PhD in industrial/organizational psychology from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. A special interest in her research is the increasing flexibility and virtuality of work and its consequences for the individual and organizational management of uncertainty. She has published widely on topics in organizational behavior, human factors, human resource management, and safety management. Professor Grote is associate editor of the journal

Safety Science

and the president of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology.

Jan M. Gutteling

is an associate professor of crisis and risk communication at the University of Twente (UT). He received his training as a clinical psychologist with an extended minor in social psychology from Utrecht University, and his PhD from the UT. His research focus is on the understanding of risk perception and the application of this understanding in crisis and risk communication. His studies are primarily quantitative and empirical, and aim (i) to develop social psychological models of risk, or (ii) to establish experimentally how and under which circumstances communication and information influence risk perception and risk-related behavior. His recent research themes are environmental risks and physical safety issues, modern biotechnology and genomics, water safety management (flood risks), and new communication tools in disaster management. His teaching focuses on risk management (perception/communication) in the broader societal context, as well as in occupational safety and health, at the Master and PhD levels. He has published approximately 100 papers in reviewed journals, books, book chapters, and scientific reports, including

Exploring Risk Communication

, the first European book on risk communication (in 1996).

Ibrahim Habli

is a Lecturer in Safety-Critical Systems at the University of York, England. His expertise lies in expertise lies in the design and assurance of safety-critical systems, primarily within the aviation, automotive, and healthcare domains. He currently holds an Industrial Fellowship Award from the Royal Academy of Engineering, funding a collaborative project with the English National Health Service on understanding the relationship between Health IT and patient safety. He teaches on York's postgraduate programs in safety-critical systems engineering. He is currently a member of the DS/1 Dependability Committee at BSI, the committee on safety case development within the Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) and the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) Standardization group. He was a member of the Joint EUROCAE/RTCA committee responsible for developing the international aerospace guidance DO-178C.

Sven Ove Hansson

is a professor in philosophy at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. He is editor-in-chief of

Theoria

and of the book series

Outstanding Contributions to Logic

. He is also member of the editorial boards of several journals, including

Philosophy and Technology

,

Techné

, and

Synthese

. His research on risk and safety focuses on ethical and epistemological aspects. His other philosophical research includes contributions to the philosophy of science and technology, decision theory, logic, and moral and political philosophy. He is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences and past president of the Society for Philosophy and Technology. He has published well over 300 papers in refereed international journals and books. His books include

The Ethics of Risk

(Palgrave Macmillan, 2013),

Social and Ethical Aspects of Radiation Risk Management

(edited with Deborah Oughton, Elsevier Science, 2013), and

The Role of Technology in Science

(edited, Springer, 2015).

Lars Harms-Ringdahl

has been engaged in safety management as a researcher, consultant, and teacher for many years. He works at the Institute for Risk Management and Safety Analysis in Stockholm, and has been professor at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden and at Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden. He has been involved in several fields such as industrial safety, fire prevention, patient safety, and societal risk management. He has a special interest in methodologies for safety analysis, event investigations, and safety management. Examples of publications are

Safety Analysis—Principles and Practice in Occupational Safety

(Taylor & Francis, 2001) and

Guide to Safety Analysis for Accident Prevention

(IRS Riskhantering AB, Stockholm, Sweden 2013).

Erik Hollnagel

is a professor at the Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark and Senior professor of Patient Safety at Jönköping University, Sweden. He is also adjunct professor at Central Queensland University (Australia), visiting professor at the Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Macquarie University (Australia), and professor emeritus at the Department of Computer Science, University of Linköping (Sweden). His professional interests include industrial safety, resilience engineering, patient safety, and complex socio-technical systems. He has published widely and is the author/editor of 24 books, including five books on resilience engineering, as well as a large number of papers and book chapters. Erik has been President of the European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics (1994–2000) as well as co-founder and past President of the Resilience Engineering Association.

Jan-Erik Holmberg

is senior consultant and office manager at Risk Pilot AB in Espoo, Finland. He is also an adjunct professor at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, and he gives lectures in reliability and risk analysis at Aalto University in Espoo and Lappeenranta University of Technology. He has over 25 years' experience in nuclear power plant safety analyses and probabilistic safety assessment. His research on probabilistic safety assessment focuses on mathematical methods, risk-informed decision-making, human reliability analysis, and analysis of digital instrumentation and control systems. He has more than 70 scientific and technical papers in leading technical journals and conferences and over 10 reviewed articles in peer-reviewed journals.

Mohd Umair Iqbal

is a PhD scholar in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, India. He has obtained his master's degree from the same college. He has obtained his bachelor's degree from the National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, India. He is involved in various research activities encompassing the field of safety and risk assessment. His main area of interest is the study of human reliability. He is actively researching the performance and reliability of control room operators. His research on process safety focuses on dynamic error.

Tim Kelly

is professor of high integrity systems at the Department of Computer Science in the University of York. He is best known for his work on system and software safety case development, particularly his work on developing the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN)—an argumentation notation and method for safety case arguments. His research interests include safety case management, software safety analysis and justification, modular certification, certification of adaptive and learning systems, and the dependability of “Systems of Systems.” He has supervised many research projects in these areas with funding that spans industry, government, research councils, and the European Union. He has published over 150 papers on high integrity systems development and justification in international refereed journals and conferences. He has also been involved in supporting the development of a number of international standards in the area of system and software safety assurance (such as the automotive standard ISO 26262).

Urban Kjellén

is an associate professor of safety management at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He has 30 years of industrial experience primarily in various HSE management positions in investment projects and at the corporate level in the oil and gas, light metal and hydropower industries. He has published 35 papers in refereed international journals and books on risk analysis and HSE management of design and construction. His books include

Prevention of Accidents and Unwanted Occurrences—Theory, Methods, and Tools in Safety Management

(CRC Press, 2017) and

Occupational Accident Research

(Elsevier, 1984). Urban Kjellén has been a member of various standardization committees, and has been instrumental in the development of the design standard Norsok S-002 for the working environment.

Jean-Christophe Le Coze

is a safety scientist with an interdisciplinary background, including engineering and the social sciences. He works at INERIS, the French national institute for environmental safety, where he is in charge of a research program. His activities combine ethnographic studies and action research programs in various safety-critical systems, with an empirical, theoretical, historical, and epistemological orientation. Outcomes of his research have regularly been published in the past 10 years, including the book

Trente ans d'accidents. Le nouveau visage des risques sociotechnologiques

(Thirty Years of Accidents: The New Face of Sociotechnological Risks).

Yan-Fu Li

is a professor at the Chair on Systems Science and the Energetic Challenge at Laboratoire Genie Industriel, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, France. Dr. Li completed his PhD research in 2009 at the National University of Singapore, and went to the University of Tennessee as a research associate. His current research interests include reliability modeling, risk assessment, and optimization. He is the author of over 70 publications, all in refereed international journals, conferences, and books. He is a senior member of IEEE.

Niklas Möller

is an associate professor at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. His research interests lie in value questions in the philosophy of risk, moral philosophy and political philosophy. Möller received his PhD in philosophy at KTH in 2009, after which he worked 2 years at Cambridge University as a post-doctorate researcher. Thereafter, he worked as a research scholar at the Department of Philosophy at Stockholm University, before returning to KTH. Möller has published numerous articles in international peer review journals such as

Journal of Applied Philosophy

,

Philosophical Studies

,

Social Theory & Practice

,

Ethical Theory & Moral Practice

,

Ethics Policy & Environment

,

Journal of Philosophical Research

, and

Risk Analysis

.

Leena Norros

, research professor (emerita), is an industrial psychologist working on human factors in complex industrial systems. She received a Dr. rer. nat. from the Technical University of Dresden, Germany, and a PhD in psychology from the University of Helsinki, Finland. She created a human factors research team at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and lead the team 25 years. Her main interest is understanding work activity in real-life contexts, for which she has created new concepts and methods. She acts as docent at Helsinki University and lectures on human factors there and at Aalto University. She has published widely and participates actively in international forums of human factors/ergonomics.

Anna-Lisa Osvalder is a professor in Human Machine Systems and senior lecturer in Ergonomics at Division Design & Human Factors at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. She is also guest professor at Department of Design Sciences at Lund University in Sweden Her research focuses on human factors engineering and specifically the interaction between users and technology in various complex socio-technical systems with safety and comfort aspects in focus (nuclear and process control, medical technology, vehicles and transportation, IT-systems). Methods for analytical evaluations of use errors, usability problems, and comfort aspects have been developed in her research to be used when designing proper ergonomic products and working environments with effectiveness, safety, and human well-being in focus.

Jinkyun Park

has worked as a senior researcher since 2000 in the Integrated Safety Assessment Division of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), whose major role is to conduct R&D activities pertaining to the risk assessment and management of nuclear power plants based on PSA (probabilistic safety assessment) and HRA (human reliability analysis). His main research interest is to scrutinize the nature of human performance, for instance, by (i) collecting human performance data under simulated emergencies using the full-scope simulator of nuclear power plants, (ii) analyzing the characteristics of human performance data with respect to various kinds of performance shaping factors, and (iii) characterizing team dynamics under simulated emergencies in term of several aspects including their communication characteristics and cultural differences. He has published over 50 papers in major international journals and the book

The Complexity of Proceduralized Tasks

(2009).

Luca Podofillini

is a senior scientist in the Risk and Human Reliability Group of the Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland). He has a nuclear engineering degree and a PhD in nuclear engineering from the Polytechnic of Milan (2004). His activities include human reliability analysis (HRA) research and regulatory support tasks for the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate. His research addresses the development of quantitative models of human performance in industrial systems, with focus on errors in decision-making, dynamic safety assessment, and collection of data in simulated emergencies. He is a co-author of about 30 papers in international scientific journals. He is chair of the ESRA (European Safety and Reliability Association) Technical Committee for Human Factors and Human Reliability and a member of the board of the HRA Society. He has been the chair of the Technical Program Committee of the European Safety and Reliability (ESREL) 2015 international conference. Since 2016, he is associate editor of the

Journal of Risk and Reliability

.

Andrew Rae

is a lecturer at Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia, and manages the Safety Science Innovation Lab. His research critically examines claims about the effectiveness of activities such as risk assessments and incident investigations, and looks for new ways to evaluate safety practices. He is also involved in improving the public understanding of safety through speaking, podcasting, and blogging, and has published academically on the topic of storytelling in safety education. He is a fellow of the Higher Education Academy, and a committee member of the Australian Safety Critical Systems Association.

Teemu Reiman is currently working as a safety culture manager at the new Finnish nuclear power company Fennovoima based in Helsinki. Reiman also has his own consultancy company. Reiman has a doctoral degree in psychology from the University of Helsinki, and a title of Docent (Adjunct Professor) from the Aalto University. He made his dissertation in 2007 on safety culture evaluations of nuclear power plant maintenance organizations. He has previously worked as a senior scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, specializing in safety management and safety culture. At VTT, Reiman acted as a project manager and a researcher in several national and international research and consultancy projects covering a wide range of topics from safety culture and management to resilience and properties of complex adaptive systems. Reiman has experience from various safety-critical domains including nuclear power, conventional power, transportation, metal industry, oil industry, and healthcare.

Genserik Reniers