History of China From the victory of communists to the Tiananmen Massacre E-Book

Rene Schreiber

• Herausgeber: via tolino media
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

China's history since the Opium Wars has been one of struggle with its own identity and humiliation at the hands of European powers and Japan. In this volume 2 we look at the victory of the communists, the flight of the nationalists to Taiwan, the time of the People's Republic of China under Mao and under Deng Xiaoping up to the Tian'anmen massacre.

Leseprobe

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Victory over Chiang and the Taiwan Problem

The Tibet Problem

The Korean War

The Maoist Land Reform

Deng's political rise

Hundred Flowers Campaign

The Big Leap

The Fall (1966-1973)

The years 1973 to 1976

Deng takes power (1978-1984)

Dengs Economy

China's Economic Opening

People's Liberation Army (PLA)

The Tiananmen Square Massacre

Deng's last years

Thanksgiving

Impressum

Rene Schreiber

History of

China

(1949-1989)

From the victory of the Communists until the Tiananmen Massacre

(Volume 2)

This work is protected by copyright and may not be reproduced, copied, set to music, printed or made available for download without the consent of the author.

Edition 1

Copyright © 2020 Rene Schreiber

Imprint

Rene Schreiber

Gerhard-Bronner-Straße 9/2, 1100 Vienna

Foreword

China's history since the Opium Wars is a struggle with its own identity and humiliation by the European powers and Japan.

In this volume 2 we look at the victory of the communists until the Tiananmen massacre.

Note on the spelling of names

For Chinese personal names, the last name is given first. When it comes to spelling, care is taken to ensure that the name is easy to read. For non-common Chinese names, the pinyin transcription, the official system of the People's Republic of China, is used.

I used for example: Sun Yatsen, although in the People's Republic and the Republic of China the founder of the state is known as Sun Zhongshan or Sun Yixian.

The same transcription system applies to place names, except for Beijing, Canton and Taipei(h).

Victory over Chiang and the Taiwan Problem

On September 2, Japan surrendered, and all Japanese forces left China. Once again, the interrupted civil war resumed with full force. This civil war was to last 4 years until the victory of the communists came. On October 1, the People's Republic is proclaimed in Beijing. The Guomindang flees to the island of Formosa (present-day Taiwan) and in return proclaims the Republic of China. Beijing and Taipei see themselves as the sole representative for the whole of China.

But how did the victory of the Communists come about? In the country, the economic decline began. This brought a shortage of food and hyperinflation. The population blamed the Guomindang for this chaos and so large parts of the inhabitants withdrew their support. Increasingly, the Communists are gaining territories and members in the country. The People's Liberation Army is getting stronger and stronger, pushing back Chiang Kai-shek's national arms. In 1948, the defeat of the National Army became apparent. Nanjing, the southern imperial capital and Beijing, the northern imperial capital, is taken by the Communists. With the flight of the National Army to the island of Formosa, the victory of the Communists becomes official. However, the fighting does not end everywhere.

Chiang Kai-shek managed to escape by an early attack by the People's Liberation Army on the city of Chongqing. Deng Xiaoping was made by Mao to be the CCP chief over southwest China and in addition he commanded the Second Field Army. With it, first besieged the city of Chongqing and then attacked the enemy too early. Mao wanted the city to be besieged longer so that the People's Liberation Army would first conquer Taiwan and then the city of Chongqing. Whether Mao could have implemented his plan can no longer be answered today, but this flight hurts a lot.

Chiang's followers fled the Forbidden City with the economic elite, capital reserves and many treasures. Many economists in southern China fled to the British colony of Hong Kong. Thus, the mainland lost most of its economic power and had to start all over again.

The Tibet Problem

After this capital defeat, attention was paid to the mainland and the Taiwan question was to be resolved another time.

Deng still had to deal with some Guomindang fighters, and the Tibet question still arose.

---ENDE DER LESEPROBE---