Horticultural Reviews, Volume 49 E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Horticultural Reviews
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 640

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

Horticultural Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on topics in horticultural science and technology covering both basic and applied research. Topics covered include the horticulture of fruits, vegetables, nut crops, and ornamentals. These review articles, written by world authorities, bridge the gap between the specialized researcher and the broader community of horticultural scientists and teachers.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contributors

Dedication Page

1 Oakleaf Hydrangea (Hydrangeaquercifolia Bartr.)

I. INTRODUCTION

II. HISTORY AND TAXONOMY OF

HYDRANGEA

III. NATURAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF

HYDRANGEA

SPECIES

IV. HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION OF OAKLEAF HYDRANGEA

V. MORPHOLOGY OF OAKLEAF HYDRANGEA

VI. BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC CONSIDERATIONS

VII. GENETICS AND BREEDING

VIII. CONSERVATION

IX. PROPAGATION

X. FUTURE PROSPECTS

LITERATURE CITED

2 Biostimulants in Agricultural and Horticultural Production

I. INTRODUCTION

II. MICROBIAL INOCULANTS

III. HUMIC SUBSTANCES: HUMIC AND FULVIC ACIDS

IV. SEAWEED EXTRACTS

V. FUTURE DIRECTION: SYNERGISM OF BIOSTIMULANTS IN COMBINATION

VI. FUTURE DIRECTION: BIOSTIMULANTS IN SOILLESS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

VII. CONCLUSIONS

LITERATURE CITED

3 Postharvest Physiological Disorders of Banana Fruit

I. INTRODUCTION

II. FRUIT STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY

III. POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS

IV. FINGER DROP

V. SENESCENT SPOTTING

VI. CHILLING INJURY

VII. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LITERATURE CITED

4 Mechanical Harvesting of Selected Temperate and Tropical Fruit and Nut Trees

I. INTRODUCTION

II. MECHANICAL HARVESTING METHODS

III. COMMERCIAL HARVESTERS FOR NUT AND FRUIT TREES

IV. SMART HARVESTING

V. FACTORS AFFECTING MECHANICAL HARVESTING

VI. CHALLENGES, FUTURE OUTLOOK, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

LITERATURE CITED

5 Apple Fruitlet Abscission Mechanisms

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CORRELATIVELY DRIVEN ABSCISSION

III. CARBOHYDRATE STRESS

IV. CONTRASTS BETWEEN CDA AND CS

V. MORPHOLOGICAL AND EXOGENOUS FACTORSAFFECTING FRUITLET ABSCISSION

VI. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

LITERATURE CITED

Subject Index

Cumulative Subject Index

Cumulative Contributor Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1 Cultivars of oakleaf hydrangea including cultivar name (trade nam...

Table 1.2 Wild

Hydrangea quercifolia

accessions available (as of June 2020) ...

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 Summary of some crop responses to microbial inoculants.

Table 2.2 Commonly marketed benefits of humic substances.

Table 2.3 Summary of some crop responses to humic substances.

Table 2.4 Summary of some crop responses to seaweed extracts.

Chapter 3

Table 3.1 The optimum storage temperature for some banana cultivars.

Chapter 4

Table 4.1 Shaking and harvesting parameters for almond trees.

Table 4.2 Shaking and harvesting parameters for apple trees.

Table 4.3 Shaking and harvesting parameters for apricot trees.

Table 4.4 Shaking and harvesting parameters for blueberry.

Table 4.5 Shaking and harvesting parameters for cherry trees.

Table 4.6 Shaking and harvesting parameters for fig trees.

Table 4.7 Shaking and harvesting parameters for jatropha.

Table 4.8 Shaking and harvesting parameters for mango trees.

Table 4.9 Shaking and harvesting parameters for peach trees.

Table 4.10 Shaking and harvesting parameters for pistachio trees.

Table 4.11 Shaking and harvesting parameters for plum trees.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Unique aspects of oakleaf hydrangea. Lobed leaves, showy panicles...

Figure 1.2 Diagram of Hydrangeaceae taxonomy. The taxonomy between family an...

Figure 1.3 Map of historic herbarium specimens and recent samplings. Small o...

Figure 1.4 Photographs of

Hydrangea quercifolia

in its natural habitat. Left...

Figure 1.5 Photographs of

Hydrangea quercifolia

clonal habit. Each photograp...

Figure 1.6 Stages of floral development: (a) young flower bud; (b) full flow...

Figure 1.7 Photograph showing range of bacterial leafspot (

Xanthomonas campe

...

Figure 1.8 Photographs of some commercial cultivars of

Hydrangea quercifolia

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 The major compartments of the phytomicrobiome.

Figure 2.2 Biostimulatory actions of seaweed extracts.

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 ‘Kluai Namwa’ banana (

Musa

×

paradisiaca

, ABB Group). (a) Banana ...

Figure 3.2 ‘Grande Naine’ banana (

Musa acuminata

, AAA Group, Cavendish) show...

Figure 3.3 Finger drop of ‘Sucrier’ banana (

Musa acuminata

, AA Group) held c...

Figure 3.4 (a) Finger drop and (b) resistance to finger drop in ripening ‘Su...

Figure 3.5 PL activity in the peel at the middle of the banana and at the pe...

Figure 3.6 Symptoms of senescent spotting in different banana cultivars: (a)...

Figure 3.7 The development of (a) senescent spots with high density, and (b)...

Figure 3.8 Senescent spotting of ‘Kluai Khai’ banana (

Musa acuminata

, AAGrou...

Figure 3.9 Senescent spotting of ‘Kluai Khai’ banana (

Musa acuminata

, AA Gro...

Figure 3.10 Senescent spotting of ‘Kluai Khai’ banana (

Musa acuminata

, AA Gr...

Figure 3.11 Chilling injury symptoms in banana: (a) sub‐epidermal layer of n...

Figure 3.12 Unripe ‘Kluai Hom Thong’ banana (

Musa acuminata

, AAA Group, non‐...

Figure 3.13 Ripe ‘Kluai Hom Thong’ banana (

Musa acuminata

, AAA Group, non‐Ca...

Figure 3.14 Ripe ‘Kluai Namwa’ banana (

Musa

×

paradisiaca

, ABB Group); (a) n...

Figure 3.15 Ripe ‘Kluai Namwa’ banana (

Musa

×

paradisiacal

, ABB Group); (a) ...

Figure 3.16 Chilling injury of green fruit of ‘Kluai Hom Thong’ banana (

Musa

...

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Different forms of mechanical harvesters.

Figure 4.2 Vibration transmission in an olive tree while using a trunk shake...

Figure 4.3 Triaxial accelerometer by Abdel‐Fattah et al. (2003)

Figure 4.4 Apple‐stem subsystem (Upadhyaya and Cook 1981)

Figure 4.5 A trellis‐trained branch with an apple located at a twig

Figure 4.6 Schematic diagram of a harvester attached to catching frames (

Sou

...

Figure 4.7 Schematic diagram of rotary, sway, and slapper harvesters, and in...

Figure 4.8 Schematic of a cherry harvester by Peterson et al. (2003)

Figure 4.9 Elemental motion patterns of cherries under vibrational excitatio...

Figure 4.10 Light distribution in three horizontal layers of central leader ...

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Apple spur. The central fruitlet is larger than the laterals due ...

Figure 5.2 Correlatively Driven Abscission (CDA) proposed by Bangerth (2000)...

Figure 5.3 Fruitlet abscission model proposed by Botton et al. (2011) and su...

Guide

Cover Page

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contributors

Dedication Page

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

Subject Index

Cumulative Subject Index

Cumulative Contributor Index

Wiley End User License Agreement

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Horticultural Reviews is sponsored by:

American Society for Horticultural ScienceInternational Society for Horticultural Science

Editorial Board, Volume 49

A. Ross FergusonRobert E. Paull

HORTICULTURAL REVIEWSVolume 49

Edited by

Ian Warrington

Massey UniversityNew Zealand

This edition first published 2022© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Name: Warrington, I. J. (Ian J.) editor.Title: Horticultural reviews. Volume 49 / Ian Warrington.Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ, USA : Wiley, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2020037759 (print) | LCCN 2020037760 (ebook) | ISBN9781119851950 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119851967 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119851974 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Horticulture–Bibliography. | Horticulture–Research.Classification: LCC SB318.3 .H678 2021 (print) | LCC SB318.3 (ebook) | DDC 635–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037759LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037760

Cover Design: WileyCover Image: Courtesy of Jules Janick

Contributors

Leili Afsah‐Hejri, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA

Jessica C. Bell, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia

Sally A. Bound, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia

Michele Buntain, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia

Sergio Castro‐García, Department of Rural Engineering, University of Cordoba, Spain

Matthew D. Clark, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

Reza Ehsani, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA

Louise Ferguson, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA

Stan C. Hokanson, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

Taymaz Homayouni, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA

Saichol Ketsa, Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand and Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand

Thomas M. Kon, Department of Horticulture. North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Mills River, NC 28759, USA

James E. Larson, Department of Horticulture. North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Mills River, NC 28759, USA

Anish Malladi, Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences, Athens, GA 30602, USA

Andrew Sherwood, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

Arash Toudeshki, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA

Ian Warrington, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Apinya Wisutiamonkul, Expert Centre of Innovative Agriculture, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand

Dedication: Dr. Christopher B. Watkins

Dr. Christopher Brian (Chris) Watkins has had a long and distinguished career in horticultural science, particularly in postharvest physiology.

Chris was born in Palmerston North, but grew up in Auckland, New Zealand. He completed his BSc and MSc (1st Class Hons) at The University of Auckland and it was during those studies that he developed a strong interest in the plant sciences, initially in ecophysiology, investigating salt tolerance of a New Zealand native plant, Climbing New Zealand Spinach. While completing his MSc, he began his career in the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) in New Zealand, in the postharvest group of the Division of Horticulture and Processing at Mt. Albert, Auckland, which then became part of HortResearch (now The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research). He was awarded a prestigious New Zealand National Research Advisory Council Fellowship to undertake a PhD at Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey, USA, where his research there focused on the role of mannose in the mediation of ripening in pears.

Chris’ research in DSIR/HortResearch was directed primarily at the control of bitter pit, a devastating disorder of key New Zealand cultivars at that time. He also investigated maturity processes of new apple cultivars, as well as the development of alternatives to the chemical diphenylamine (DPA) for control of superficial scald. Chris moved to the USA in 1994 as Associate Professor and progressed to become the Herman M. Cohn Professor in the Horticulture Section of the School of Integrative Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS) at Cornell University, Ithaca. He is currently also the Director of Cornell Cooperative Extension, an extension system that extends throughout New York State. In addition, he is Associate Dean for the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and College of Human Ecology.

Dr. Watkins’ research at Cornell has focussed primarily on the storage and ripening of fruit from both applied and fundamental aspects. He is also responsible for developing and conducting the harvest maturity management, postharvest handling, and storage technology components of a multidisciplinary state‐wide fruit extension program. In doing so, he works in cooperation with extension faculty in various departments, with regional fruit specialists, extension educators, storage operators, and marketers. This balance of research, extension, and administrative roles clearly demonstrates Dr. Watkins’ remarkable ability to remain highly productive, deeply committed, and effective in all fields – an impressive achievement.

A primary area of that research has been the development of knowledge required for the use of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP), an ethylene‐binding inhibitor that extends the storage life of apples. This work has been extended to the use of preharvest 1‐MCP and other plant growth regulator applications. He also conducts research on new cultivars of importance to New York growers, and on the effects of postharvest techniques on the nutritional quality of fruit. In addition, his research has enhanced the understanding of the underlying mechanisms in fruit responses to storage conditions such as temperature, atmosphere, and 1‐MCP, and the interactions of those factors with the development of storage disorders. His current projects focus on the development of physiological disorders of apples, such as flesh browning as affected by low temperature and gas composition in the storage environment.

Colleague and department member, Prof. William B. Miller, observes “What is most impressive is the diversity of collaborators and fields of science that Chris has touched. From orchard management techniques to genomics to metabolomics, he has been involved with them all. Without doubt, the single most important area of work in the past 15–20 years has been the development of 1‐MCP as a component of an integrated system for postharvest storage of apples. But not just a recipe for storage operators, this work (involving myriad collaborators) probed into the most fundamental molecular aspects of the mechanism of 1‐MCP so that we emerge with a set of practical tools and deeper insight into mechanism.”

Although much of his research has focused on apples, Chris has also worked on a range of other fruits and vegetables including pear, peach, strawberry, walnut, papaya, tomato, capsicum, and others.

Professor Umezuruike Linus Opara, Stellenbosch University in South Africa states: “His remarkable contributions to key scientific publications in horticultural science and his leadership in scientific publishing have made Prof. Watkins one of the most easily recognised names in our field in Africa, and indeed globally.”

Professor Pietro Tonutti (Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna,

Pisa, Italy) makes the following observations: “The contributions of Prof. Watkins to scientific advancements in horticultural science is outstanding considering, in particular, the specific areas and topics of his research activity. There is no doubt that the main improvements in developing and optimizing storage technologies of apples are the results of the scientific activity and output of Prof. Watkins, world‐wide renowned as one of the major specialists and leading experts of apple fruit postharvest. He is extremely well known within the horticultural science/postharvest technology community and his reputation as an outstanding scientist is demonstrated by the number of invitations to participate in international symposia and conferences. His integrated, up‐to‐date, and always evolving approach with scientific issues is an extraordinary example for young researchers in the field of postharvest horticulture.”

Chris is very involved in the teaching and supervision of graduate students, having had primary responsibility for 14 PhD and 9 MS candidates over the past 27 years. Those students have come from many different countries including China, Denmark, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, as well as the USA. He has also hosted many different collaborators and scientists from around the world in his laboratory.

Chris has a strong record of outputs in his specialised research fields. He and his colleagues have published over 164 peer‐reviewed scientific manuscripts, 20 book chapters, 51 papers in conference proceedings, 87 abstracts of papers presented at professional meetings, and over 125 grower articles, newsletters, and articles in technical bulletins.

Dr. Peter Toivonen, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada in Summerland, observes that “Chris matches his achievements with a good balance of humanity and humility. This makes him very approachable, and he encourages interaction with young scientists and also encourages them forward in their careers. He can criticize colleagues work without offending them and also take criticism of his work constructively. He has an open mind and an open heart to students and colleagues like myself. Success and humanity are not often found in the same person, but they are in Chris Brian Watkins.”

Dr. Watkins has been widely recognised for his research achievements. These include: Fellow of the International Society for Horticultural Science (2021); Fellow of the American Society for Horticultural Science (2015); The 2016 B.Y. Morrison Lecture invitee, American Society for Horticultural Science; CALS Alumni Association Outstanding Faculty Award; The 2013 George Goodling Memorial Lecturer, State Horticultural Society of Pennsylvania; The Crystal Apple Award of the Director of the Szczepan Pieniazek Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Skierniewice, Poland (2010); Chairman of the Gordon Conference on Postharvest Physiology (2006); and ASHS Outstanding Extension Educator Award (2005).

In addition, he has been an invited speaker at over one hundred national and international meetings in many countries around the world including Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Italy, Greece, Poland, Spain, China, South Korea, Turkey, Canada, and Israel. He has also extensively presented scientific addresses across many states in the USA and within New York State.

New Zealand colleague, Dr. Allan Woolf observes “Chris convened a Gordon conference, the most elite postharvest conference (2006), and has been an active member of many international conferences in various roles. His presence is always positive, both scientifically and socially, Chris has a very inclusive manner that brings together researchers from around the world. He has collaborated strongly at regional, national, and international levels. He is an active participant in the regional meetings of apple researchers in northern USA/Canada (such as the multistate project “NE1836”), and a great example of his international collaboration is the National Institute Food and Agriculture Specialty Crops Research Initiative metabolomics project on development of prediction tools for several apple physiological disorders, which involved researchers from New York, Washington, New Zealand, and Belgium.”

Dr. Watkins has been and continues to be involved in the leadership of scientific publishing. He is currently (2021 onwards) Editor‐in‐Chief of Postharvest Biology and Technology being previously (2016 to 2020) Associate Editor and (1993–2011) Editorial Board member; Associate Editor, Horticulture Research (2013–2017); Associate Editor, HortScience (Postharvest: temperate fruits) (1999–2004); and Editorial Advisory Board, Encyclopaedia of Applied Plant Sciences (2013–2016). He has been a referee for 27 scientific journals.

Throughout his career, Dr. Watkins has been a strong supporter of both the ASHS and the ISHS. He is currently Chair, ISHS Commission Quality and Postharvest Horticulture (2014–2022) and he has published 33 papers in Acta Horticulturae over the period from 1989 to the present. Within the ASHS, he was the Postharvest Working Group Chair (1988–1999) and has been the Extension Division Vice‐President (2018–2020) on the Board of Directors.

Chris observes, as he reflects on his career, that his success has been built on interactions and partnerships with incredible individuals. These include the mentors who have guided his path, starting with Professor John Brown who “captured” his imagination of plant physiology during his BSc with his class on photosynthetic metabolism; Errol Hewett and Ian Ferguson in DSIR/HortResearch; his PhD advisor, Chaim Frenkel, who truly believed that a PhD is a degree of philosophy – not a degree that is solely research based; and especially a William Bramlage whose impact on his career will never be forgotten. These mentors, as role models, have guided his career over decades. Most importantly, success lies in great colleagues, postdoctoral associates, visiting fellows, and students – without their contributions, he would never have had the productive, but also the enjoyable, career that he has had. Postharvest science is competitive, but in a warm and collaborative fashion. He offers heartfelt thanks to all his colleagues.

Professor Watkins and his wife Lisa have a son and a daughter. Their son, Christopher is based in New York City and their daughter, Catherine, is soon to be continuing her training in New Zealand, the country close to the heart of the whole family.

Professor Randolph Beaudry, Michigan State University summarizes Dr. Watkins’ many contributions as follows: “I am always impressed by Chris’s ability to handle so many tasks while he continues to fully serve his regional, national, and international clientele. Chris has had an outsized impact on the field of postharvest physiology and biology and, through his leadership, has strengthened institutions and helped to assure their continued success and positive impacts on society.”

Ian Warrington

Emeritus Professor

Massey University

Palmerston North

New Zealand