Images from Lichenes Australasici Exsiccati and of other characteristic Australasian Lichens. Volume Two E-Book
John A. Elix
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- Sprache: Englisch
This book includes photographs of a selection of typical Australasianlichens, many of which have been distributed in the LICHENES AUS-TRALASICI EXSICCATI (issued by J.A. Elix 1982-1994) as well as someadditional species. In addition to the overall images, photographs ofselected stained and unstained sections, spores and HPTLC-plates areincluded. The goal was to make images of these lichenological treas-ures available to a wider circle of interested people. We hope that theimages will complement the literature and aid in the determination ofAustralasian lichen species.
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Seitenzahl: 154
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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CONTENTS
VOLUME ONE
Preface
Acarospora - Pannaria
VOLUME TWO
Pannoparmelia-Xanthoria
Herbarnumbers
Literature
Index to species and synonyms
Pannoparmelia angustata (Pers.) Zahlbr.
[ Pers.]
[ (Pers.) Müll.Arg.]
Thallus loosely adnate, lacking isidia and soredia. Lower surface white, with a thick, spongy, pale brown to black hypothallus. Apothecia up to 1cm wide. Ascopores 6–6.5 × 5–6 µm, hyaline, 8/ascus. Chemistry: cortex K-, medulla K-, C-, KC-, P-; usnic acid, divaricatic acid.
[19092], Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Molonglo Gorge Reserve, 14km east of Canberra, 35°16' S, 149°,16' E, 650m, growing on Callitris endlicheri in dry sclerophyll forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (11750) & J. Johnston 31.05.1984. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 051.
Pannoparmelia wilsonii (Räsänen) D.J.Galloway
[= Anzia wilsonii Räsänen]
Thallus corticolous, rosette-forming, loosely adnate, 3–5cm wide. Lobes 0.5–1mm wide, constricted at branch points, ± imbricate at centre. Upper surface pale yellow, without soredia, maculae or pseudocyphellae. Lamina densely papillose-isidiate; isidia simple, nodular. Lower surface pale yellow, visible between the dark brown patches of the spongy, moniliform hypothallus. Rhizines simple or furcate, black. Apothecia rare. Ascospores hyaline, 8/ascus, 10–15 × 4–6 µm. Chemistry: cortex K-; medulla: K-, C-, KC-, P-; usnic acid, divaricatic acid.
[15969], Australia, Western Australia, north-east of Keysbrook, 32.41° S, 116.01° E, 260m, growing on bark. Leg. Schümm & E. Stocker-Wörgötter, 29.10.2009. Chemistry: usnic acid, divaricatic acid, by TLC, anal. F. Schumm.
Paraporpidia glauca (Taylor) Rambold
[ Taylor]
[ (Taylor) Müll.Arg]
[ (Taylor) Hertel & Schneider]
[ Müll.Arg.]
Areoles irregular, whitish to greenish, 0–1.7mm diam. Medulla I ± violet. Apothecia roundish to irregular, 0.8–2mm. Disc convex, grey, matt, pruinose. Hypothecium brown to dark brown, 100–200 µm thick. Hymenium 60–100 µm tall, colourless, I ± blue to red. Paraphyses branched and anastomosing. Spores hyaline, simple, 8/ascus, 10–16 × 4.5–7.5 µm. Chemistry: cortex K-, C-, P-; medulla K-, C-, P-. Two chemotypes observed I) confluentic acid (major), 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid, 2'-O-methylmicrophyllinic acid (minor), II) 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid.
[19095], Australia, Western Australia, Bindoola Creek, Gibb River Road, 53km south-west of Wyndham, 15°49' S, 127°48' E, 130m, growing on soil in Eucalyptus woodland with large areas of bare, flat, rocky ground. Leg. J.A. Elix (27840), H.T. Lumbsch & H. Streimann, 10.07.1991. Chemistry: 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid by HPLC, TLC, anal J.A. Elix. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 263.
Parmelia sulcata Taylor
Thallus loosely adnate to adnate. Lobes crowded to imbricate, sublinear, 2–5mm wide. Upper surface greenish to whitish grey, maculate, becoming strongly foveolate, continuous to irregularly cracked with age, without isidia; pseudocyphellae laminai and marginal, effigurate, forming ridges, soon becoming sorediate; soralia along ridges. Lower surface black, densely rhizinate; rhizines becoming densely squarrosely branched, to 1mm long. Apothecia rare, 2–6mm wide. Ascospores 11–14 × 6–8 (im. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow then red, C-, P+ orange; atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid (minor).
[19104], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, 3km east of Te Oka Peak, Banks Peninsula, 670m, growing on volcanic rocks and debris in pasture. Leg. J.A. Elix (18971) & J. Johnston, 03.03.1985. Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid, consalazinic acid by TLC, anal. J. Johnston. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO: 113.
Parmeliella brisbanensis (C.Knight) P.M.Jorg. & D.J.Galloway
Thallus on a thick byssoid, red-brown to black prothallus projecting 1–2mm beyond lobe apices, closely appressed to substratum. Lobes narrow, to 1.2mm wide, discrete at margins or margins ±confluent to the centre with no visible division between lobes. Isidia delicate, finger like, to 0.5mm tall and 0.1mm wide, laminai and marginal. Apothecia 0.5–2.5mm wide; exciples thick persistent, crenulate-striate, concolorous with the thallus. Disc red-brown to brown-black. Ascospores 12–16 × 8–10 µm.
[19108], Australia, Queensland, Mt. Spec State Forest, PalumaRoad, 6km west of Paluma, 19°01' S, 149°09' E, 920m, growing on tree trunk in Lauraceae-Syzygium dominated forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (20227) & H. Streimann, 18.06.1986. Chemistry: no lichen substances detected by TLC, anal. J.A. Elix. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 235.
Parmeliella mariana (Fr.) P.M.Jørg. & D.J.Galloway
Thallus on a thick, felted, cottony, brown-black prothallus projecting 2–6mm beyond lobe apices, closely appressed to the substratum. Lobes narrow, 0.5–1.2mm wide, discrete at margins, contiguous at margins or margins obvious to thallus centre or often ±confluent without visible division between lobes, without isidia. Apothecia 0.4–1.2mm wide; thalline exciple thick, persistent, smooth to delicately crenulate. Ascospores 12–16 × 8–10 µm. Chemistry: rarely with ursolic acid.
[19109], Australia, Queensland, Cow Bay, Cape Tribulation National Park, 26km north-north-east of Mossman, 16°14' S, 145°29' E, 2m, growing on trunk of Calophyllum inophyllum in strand vegetation dominated by Calophyllum inophyllum, Terminalia, Hibiscus tiliaceus. Leg. H. Streimann (45992) 06.12.1990. Chemistry: No lichen substances detected by HPLC, TLC, anal. J.A. Elix. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 265.
Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl.
Lobes congested throughout or separate at apices, sublinear-elongate, subdichotomously branched, 0.5–1.5mm wide. Upper surface yellowish green, becoming rugose towards thallus centre, densely sorediate; soralia orbicular at first, coalescing, often occurring on ridges. Lower surface pale brown, black towards centre. Rhizines simple or sparsely branched. Apothecia 1–2mm wide. Ascospores 7–11 × 2.5–3 µm. Chemistry: cortex K-, UV-; medulla K-, C-, KC+ rose, P-; usnic acid, divaricatic acid (major), nordivaricatic acid.
[19110], Australia, Victoria, Pretty Valley, Alpine National Park, 18km south-south-east of Mt. Beauty, 36°53' S, 147°14' E, 1600m, growing on base of dead Eucalyptus in open Eucalyptus pauciflora woodland with large granite outcrops. Leg. J.A. Elix (40630) & H. Streimann 18.02.1994. Chemistry: usnic acid (major), divaricatic acid (major), nordivaricatic acid (minor) by TLC, anal. J.A. Elix. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 288.
Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl.
[ Elix]
[19111], Australia, New South Wales, Kosciuszko National Park, Charlottes Pass, 36°25' S, 148°20' E, 1840m, growing on dead wood in open Eucalyptus pauciflora woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (9681), 22.02.1982. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 025. Distributed as Parmelia viridosoredians Elix.
Parmotrema austrocetratum Elix & J.Johnst.
[ (Elix & J.Johnst.) Hale & A.Fletcher]
Thallus loosely adnate. Lobes imbricate or not, rotund, 10–30mm wide; margins entire, sinuous; apices often laciniate, 1–8mm long, 0.5–1.5mm wide. Cilia moderately dense, simple or sparingly branched, 0.2–1.5mm long. Upper surface pale grey, becoming rugose, white-reticulate, becoming conspicuously reticulately cracked, lacking soredia; dactyls laminai, raised, closed, becoming fused to form laminai ridges; areolae flaking off and exposing medulla. Apothecia rare, 4–10mm wide; disc perforate. Ascospores 12–16 × 8–9 µm. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow then red, C-, P+ red-orange; atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid (minor), ±protocetraric acid (trace).
[19112], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 2.5km south of Kaweka on road to Thames, gully with remnant lowland forest with Phyllocladus, Podocarpus, rimu, tree ferns and Leptospermum (along margins), on branch. Leg. J. Johnston (2218), 18.03.1985. Chemistry: atranorin, salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid (trace), protocetraric acid (trace), by TLC in solvent C, anal. J. Johnston.
Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale
[= Parmelia austrosinensis Zahlbr.]
Thallus loosely adnate, coriaceous. Lobes rounded, 10–30mm wide, lacking laciniae; margins entire or crenate, eciliate, sinuate, often ascending. Upper surface pale grey, weakly maculate, without isidia. Soralia marginal and submarginal, linear, soredia granular. Medulla white. Lower surface black, with a white, brown, or mottled erhizinate marginal zone. Rhizines sparse, simple, unevenly distributed, short. Apothecia rare, to 10mm wide. Ascospores 12–20 × 7–10 µm. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-; atranorin, chloroatranorin, lecanoric acid.
[19113], Australien, Queensland, Mt. Farrenden, 26km south-southwest of Charters Towers, 20° 19' S, 146°13' E, 450m, growing on Cassia brewsteri in open woodland on rocky slope. Leg. J.A. Elix (20602) & H. Streimann 22.06.1986.Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, lecanoric acid (major), orsellinic acid (trace) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 163.
Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale
[= Parmelia austrosinensis Zahlbr.]
[19114], Australia, Queensland, along the banks of the Noosa River, Noosaville, 26°24' S, 153°01' E, 2m, growing on exotic trees in parkland. Leg. J.A. Elix (19327), 9.9.1985. Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, lecanoric acid (major) by TLC, HPLC, anal. J. Johnston & G.A. Jenkins. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 140.
Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M.Choisy
[ Ach.]
Thallus adnate, coriaceous. Lobes imbricate, subirregular, 5–20mm wide, margins crenate or irregularly incised. Cilia simple or branched, 0.5–3mm long. Upper surface pale grey to grey-green, emaculate. Isidia laminai and marginal, short cylindrical, becoming coralloid, granular or occasionally dissolving into soredia, often ciliate at apices. Medulla white. Lower surface black, with a brown, erhizinate marginal zone. Rhizines dense, simple, slender, to 1mm long. Appothecia rare, 3–8mm wide. Ascospores 25–35 × 12–18 µm. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow, C-, P+ orange, UV-; atranorin, chloroatranorin, stictic acid (major), constictic acid (minor), cryptostictic acid (trace), norstictic acid (trace), ±menegazzaic acid (trace), ±connorstictic acid (trace).
[19117], New Zealand, North Island, North Auckland, c. 0.5km south of Kaiaua, west side of Firth of Thames, small stand of mangroves, on bark. Leg. J. Johnston (2257), 18.03.1985. Chemistry: atranorin, stictic acid (major), constictic acid (minor), cryptostictic acid (trace), menegazzaic acid (trace), connorstictic acid (faint trace), hypostictic acid (faint trace) norstictic acid (very faint trace), by TLC in solvent C, anal. J. Johnston.
Parmotrema cristiferum (Taylor) Hale
[ Taylor]
Thallus loosely adnate to adnate, coriaceous. Lobes imbricate or subascending at margins, 5–20mm wide; main lobes eciliate; lateral lobes and lobe axils eciliate or sparingly ciliate; cilia 0.5–1.5mm long. Upper surface pale grey, emaculate, without isidia. Soralia mainly marginal on lateral lobes; sorediate lobes ±ascending; soredia granular. Medulla white. Lower surface black, with broad, brown, erhizinate marginal zone; rhizines sparse, simple, coarse, short, 0.1–0.2mm long. Apothecia rare, laminai, to 3mm wide; disc imperforate. Ascospores 25–30 × 13–15 µm. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow then dark red, C-, P+ orange-red; atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid (major), ±consalazinic acid (minor).
[19120], Norfolk Island, Mt. Pitt Reserve, Selwyn Pine Track, 29°01" S, 167°56'30" E, 200m, growing on Elaedendron in open forest clearing. Leg. J.A.Elix (18735) & H. Streimann, 8.12.1984. Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid (minor) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICICATI NO. 088.
Parmotrema demethylmicrophyllinicum Elix
Thallus loosely adnate, coriaceous. Lobes irregular, 5–12mm wide, margins lobulate-laciniate or not; apices rotund. Cilia apical, conspicuous, 1–4mm long. Upper surface pale grey, emaculate, lacking soredia and isidia. Medulla white. Lower surface black, with a broad, erhizinate marginal zone. Rhizines sparse, simple, black. Apothecia common, 5–10mm wide. Ascospores 12–14 × 6–8 µm. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-, C+ red, KC+ red, P-; atranorin, chloroatranorin, 4-O-demethylmicrophyllinic acid (major), olivetoric acid (trace), anziaic acid (trace).
[19115], Australia, Queensland, Hanging Pinnacle (Dempseys Peak), 7km east of Mount Garnet, 17°41' S, 145°11' E, 700m, growing on granitic rocks in Eucalyptus woodland. ISOTYPUS. Leg. J.A. Elix (16844) & H. Streimann 29.06.1984. Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, 4-O-demethylmicrophyllinic acid (major), olivetoric acid (trace), anziaic acid (trace) by TLC, anal. J. Johnston. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 114.
Parmotrema demethylmicrophyllinicum Elix
[19116], Australia, Queensland, Mt. Windsor Tableland, 37km northwest of Mossman, 16°17' S, 145°05' E, 1100m, growing on rocks on boulder strewn hillside with Eucalyptus and Casuarina. Leg. J.A. Elix (16563) & H. Streimann 26.06.1984. Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, 4-O-demethylmicrophyllinic acid (major), olivetoric acid (trace), anziaic (trace) by TLC, anal. J.A. Elix. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 115.
Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M.Choisy
[ (Huds.) Ach.]
[ (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti]
Thallus loosely to moderate adnate, membranaceous to coriaceous. Lobes imbricate, irregular, 3–8mm wide, in part incised and divided but lacking sublinear laciniae; cilia moderately dense to dense, branched or not, 0.2–3mm long. Upper surface pale grey, emaculate, lacking isidia; soralia submarginal, causing lobe margins to become revolute and suberect, ultimately appearing labriform; soredia granular. Medulla white. Lower surface black, with a broad, brown, erhizinate marginal zone. Rhizines to 2mm long. Apothecia rare. Ascospores 25–27 × 16–18 µm. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ bright yellow, C-, P+ orange-red; atranorin, chloroatranorin, stictic acid (major), constictic acid (major), cryptostictic acid (trace), menegazzaic acid (trace), norstictic acid (trace).
[19121], New Zealand, North Island, South Auckland, adjacent to scenic reserve overlooking Lake Taupo, 1km south of Wharewaka, c. 38°46' S, 176°56' E, 350–400m, open pasture, on outcrop of volcanic rock. Leg. J. Johnston (2392), 20.03.1985. Chemistry: atranorin, stictic acid (major), constictic acid (minor), cryptostictic acid (trace), menegazzaic acid (trace), connorstictic acid (faint trace), hypostictic acid (faint trace), norstictic acid (very faint trace) by TLC in solvent C, anal. J. Johnston.
Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M.Choisy
[ (Huds.) Ach.]
[ (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti]
[19122], New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury, hills above Governor's Bay, Lyttelton Harbour, on shaded rockface in moist gully with remnant forest, SE aspect. Leg. J. Johnston (1796), 9.03.1985. Chemistry: atranorin, stictic acid (major), constictic acid, cryptostictic acid (trace), menegazzaic acid (trace), hypostictic acid (faint trace) by TLC, anal. J. Johnston.
Parmotrema queenslandense Elix
Thallus loosely adnate, coriaceous. Lobes irregular, 5–12mm wide, lacking lobules; margins eciliate, apices rotund. Upper surface pale grey or darkening with age, emaculate, lacking soredia and isidia. Medulla white. Lower surface black; marginal rim broad, brown, erhizinate. Rhizines sparse, simple, black. Apothecia common, pedicellate, 5–10mm wide; disc imperforate. Ascospores 10–17 × 5–7 µm. Chemistry:cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-, C-, KC-, P+ orange-red; atranorin, chloroatranorin, succinprotocetraric acid (major), fumarprotocetraric acid (major), protocetraric acid (trace), unidentified fatty acid.
[19123], Australia, Queensland, Mt. Catharina, 10km north-east of Ingham, 18°37' S, 146°15' E, 70m, growing on rocks in Eucalyptus dominated grassland. Leg. J.A. Elix (17654) &H. Streimann, 8.7.1984. Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, succinprotocetraric acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, protocetraric acid (trace), unknown fatty acid by TLC, anal. J. Johnston. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 117.
Parmotrema queenslandense Elix
[19178], Australia, Queensland, near summit of Mount Leswell, 32km south of Cooktown, 15°46' S, 145°15' E, 440m, growing on granite rocks in Eucalyptus dominated woodland. ISOTYPUS. J.A. Elix (17365) & H. Streimann, 5.07.1984. Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, succinprotocetraric acid, fumarprotocetraric acid, protocetraric acid (trace), unknown fatty acid by TLC, anal. J. Johnston. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 116.
Parmotrema recipiendum (Nyl.) Hale
[ (Nyl.) Kurok.]
[ Nyl.]
Thallus loosely adnate, coriaceous. Lobes rotund, 7–15mm wide; margins crenate; cilia moderately sense to dense at apices, often branched, 1–3mm long. Upper surface pale grey to grey, white maculate, lacking soredia and isidia. Lower surface brown, blackening near centre. Rhizines 0.2–3.5mm long. Apothecia pedicellate, 10–30mm wide; disc perforate. Ascospores 12–19 × 6–10 µm. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K-, C-, KC+ rose, P-; atranorin, chloroatranorin, norlobaridone.
[19124], Australia, New South Wales, Bimbi State Forest, 23km west- south-west of Grenfell, 33°57' S, 147°55' E, 280, growing on trunk of Callitris columellaris in Callitris dominated forest. Leg. J.A. Elix (23076), 31.05.1990. Chemistry: atranorin (minor) chloroatranorin (minor), norlobaridone (major) by TLC, anal. J.A. Elix. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 213.
Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) M.Choisy
[ (Taylor) Hale & Fletcher]
[ Taylor]
Thallus loosely adnate, membranaceous to coriaceous. Lobes imbricate or subascending at margins, irregular, partly rounded and deeply crenate, partly laciniate, 5–15mm wide; cilia sparse to moderately dense, simple, 0.2–3mm long. Upper surface pale grey to grey-green, sorediate, without dactyls; soralia marginal, linear to subcapitate; soredia granular. Lower surface with rhizines or papillae to lobe margins or with an erhizinate marginal zone. Apothecia rare, 2–8mm wide; disc imperforate. Ascospores 13–18 × 8–11 µm. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow then red, C-, P+ orange-red; atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid (minor).
[19125], Norfolk Island, Bumboras Reserve, 29°03'30" S, 167°56'30" E, 25m, growing on volcanic rocks in open Araucaria woodland. Leg. J.A. Elix (18833) & H. Streimann, 10.12.1984. Chemistry: atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid (minor), unknown (trace) by HPLC, anal. G.A. Jenkins. LICHENES AUSTRALASICI EXSICCATI NO. 089.
Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) M.Choisy
[ (Taylor) Hale & Fletcher]
[ Taylor]
[19126], New Zealand, South Island, Otago, rocky hillside, c. 27.5km west-south-west of Ranfurly on Alexandra-Palmerston road, on rock outcrop with Easpect in paddock. Leg. J. Johnston (2123), 15.03.1985. Chemistry: atranorin, salazinic acid (major), consalazinic acid, protocetraric acid (trace) by TLC, anal. J. Johnston.
Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale
[ Degel.]
