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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Wiley - IEEE
- Sprache: Englisch
Impedance Source Power Electronic Converters brings together state of the art knowledge and cutting edge techniques in various stages of research related to the ever more popular impedance source converters/inverters.
Significant research efforts are underway to develop commercially viable and technically feasible, efficient and reliable power converters for renewable energy, electric transportation and for various industrial applications. This book provides a detailed understanding of the concepts, designs, controls, and application demonstrations of the impedance source converters/inverters.
Key features:
- Comprehensive analysis of the impedance source converter/inverter topologies, including typical topologies and derived topologies.
- Fully explains the design and control techniques of impedance source converters/inverters, including hardware design and control parameter design for corresponding control methods.
- Presents the latest power conversion solutions that aim to advance the role of power electronics into industries and sustainable energy conversion systems.
- Compares impedance source converter/inverter applications in renewable energy power generation and electric vehicles as well as different industrial applications.
- Provides an overview of existing challenges, solutions and future trends.
- Supported by calculation examples, simulation models and results.
Highly accessible, this is an invaluable resource for researchers, postgraduate/graduate students studying power electronics and its application in industry and renewable energy conversion as well as practising R&D engineers. Readers will be able to apply the presented material for the future design of the next generation of efficient power electronic converters/inverters.
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Seitenzahl: 568
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Preface
Acknowledgment
Bios
1 Background and Current Status
1.1 General Introduction to Electrical Power Generation
1.2 Z-Source Converter as Single-Stage Power Conversion System
1.3 Background and Advantages Compared to Existing Technology
1.4 Classification and Current Status
1.5 Future Trends
1.6 Contents Overview
Acknowledgment
References
2 Voltage-Fed Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source Inverters
2.1 Topologies of Voltage-Fed Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source Inverters
2.2 Modeling of Voltage-Fed qZSI
2.3 Simulation Results
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Current-Fed Z-Source Inverter
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Topology Modification
3.3 Operational Principles
3.4 Modulation
3.5 Modeling and Control
3.6 Passive Components Design Guidelines
3.7 Discontinuous Operation Modes
3.8 Current-Fed Z-Source Inverter/Current-Fed Quasi-Z-Source Inverter Applications
3.9 Summary
References
4 Modulation Methods and Comparison
4.1 Sinewave Pulse-Width Modulations
4.2 Space Vector Modulations
4.3 Pulse-Width Amplitude Modulation
4.4 Comparison of All Modulation Methods
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Control of Shoot-Through Duty Cycle: An Overview
5.1 Summary of Closed-Loop Control Methods
5.2 Single-Loop Methods
5.3 Double-Loop Methods
5.4 Conventional Regulators and Advanced Control Methods
References
6 Z-Source Inverter: Topology Improvements Review
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basic Topology Improvements
6.3 Extended Boost Topologies
6.4 L-Z-Source Inverter
6.5 Changing the ZSI Topology Arrangement
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 Typical Transformer-Based Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source Inverters
7.1 Fundamentals of Trans-ZSI
7.2 LCCT-ZSI/qZSI
7.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8 Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source AC-DC Rectifiers
8.1 Topologies of Voltage-Fed Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source Rectifiers
8.2 Operating Principle
8.3 Dynamic Modeling
8.4 Simulation Results
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Z-Source DC-DC Converters
9.1 Topologies
9.2 Comparison
9.3 Example Simulation Model and Results
References
10 Z-Source Matrix Converter
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Z-Source Indirect Matrix Converter (All-Silicon Solution)
10.3 Z-Source Indirect Matrix Converter (Not All-Silicon Solution)
10.4 Z-Source Direct Matrix Converter
10.5 Summary
References
11 Energy Stored Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source Inverters
11.1 Energy Stored Z-Source/Quasi-Z Source Inverters
11.2 Example Simulations
11.3 Conclusion
References
12 Z-Source Multilevel Inverters
12.1 Z-Source NPC Inverter
12.2 Z-Source/Quasi-Z-Source Cascade Multilevel Inverter
12.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
13 Design of Z-Source and Quasi-Z-Source Inverters
13.1 Z-Source Network Parameters
13.2 Loss Calculation Method
13.3 Voltage and Current Stress
13.4 Coupled Inductor Design
13.5 Efficiency, Cost, and Volume Comparison with Conventional Inverter
13.6 Conclusion
References
14 Applications in Photovoltaic Power Systems
14.1 Photovoltaic Power Characteristics
14.2 Typical Configurations of Single-Phase and Three-Phase Systems
14.3 Parameter Design Method
14.4 MPPT Control and System Control Methods
14.5 Examples Demonstration
14.6 Conclusion
References
15 Applications in Wind Power
15.1 Wind Power Characteristics
15.2 Typical Configurations
15.3 Parameter Design
15.4 MPPT Control and System Control Methods
15.5 Simulation Results of a qZS Wind Power System
15.6 Conclusion
References
16 Z-Source Inverter for Motor Drives Application: A Review
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Z-Source Inverter Feeding a Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
16.3 Z-Source Inverter Feeding a Switched Reluctance Motor
16.4 Z-Source Inverter Feeding a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
16.5 Z-Source Inverter Feeding an Induction Motor
16.6 Multiphase Z-Source Inverter Motor Drive System
16.7 Two-Phase Motor Drive System with Z-Source Inverter
16.8 Single-Phase Induction Motor Drive System Using Z-Source Inverter
16.9 Z-Source Inverter for Vehicular Applications
16.10 Conclusion
References
17 Impedance Source Multi-Leg Inverters
17.1 Impedance Source Four-Leg Inverter
17.2 Impedance Source Five-Leg (Five-Phase) Inverter
17.3 Summary
References
18 Model Predictive Control of Impedance Source Inverter
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Overview of Model Predictive Control
18.3 Mathematical Model of the Z-Source Inverters
18.4 Model Predictive Control of the Z-Source Three-Phase Three-Leg Inverter
18.5 Model Predictive Control of the Z-Source Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter
18.6 Model Predictive Control of the Z-Source Five-Phase Inverter
18.7 Performance Investigation
18.8 Summary
References
19 Grid Integration of Quasi-Z Source Based PV Multilevel Inverter
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Topology and Modeling
19.3 Grid Synchronization
19.4 Power Flow Control
19.5 Low Voltage Ride-Through Capability
19.6 Islanding Protection
19.7 Conclusion
References
20 Future Trends
20.1 General Expectation
20.2 Illustration of Using Wide Band Gap Devices
20.3 Conclusion
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 01
Table 1.1 Switching states of five-level diode-clamped converter per phase-leg (X = A, B or C)
Chapter 02
Table 2.1 Voltage and current characteristics of the voltage-fed qZSI and ZSI
Table 2.2 Simulation parameters
Chapter 03
Table 3.1 Comparison of normalized output voltage and normalized inductor currents with three different current boost control strategies for the CF-ZSI/CF-qZSI
Table 3.2 Characteristics of different control strategies
Chapter 04
Table 4.1 Maximum shoot-through duty ratio
D
max
, maximum voltage gain
G
max
, and maximum voltage stress
V
s
/V
in
when using different ZSVMs.
Table 4.2 Summary of the simulated results
Table 4.3 Summary of the experimental results
Chapter 06
Table 6.1 ZSI Topology Improvement Summary
Table 6.2 Characteristics of different switched inductor, ZSI combinations
Table 6.3 Characteristics of different tapped inductor ZSI topologies
Table 6.4 Characteristics of different cascaded QZSI topologies
Table 6.5 Characteristics of different transformer-based ZSI topologies
Table 6.6 Characteristics of the L-ZSI topology compared to other ZSI topologies
Table 6.7 Changing the ZSI topology arrangement overview
Chapter 08
Table 8.1 System specifications for qZSR system in Figure 8.2
Chapter 09
Table 9.1 Summary of features for different boost converters [1]
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Comparison of three ZS/QZSIMC (all-silicon solution) ac/ac converter topologies
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 System Specifications [6]
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 Switching States of Z-source NPC Inverter (ST ≡ shoot-through)
Table 12.2 Switching actions of four switches when using PAM in one qZS-HBI module
Table 12.3 System specifications
Chapter 13
Table 13.1 Device currents and time intervals of single-phase qZSI in one switching cycle for positive half fundamental cycle.
Table 13.2 Operating conditions at different power
Table 13.3 Symbol description
Chapter 14
Table 14.1 System specifications for single-phase qZSI PV system.
Chapter 15
Table 15.1 System parameters of a qZSI-based wind power system
Chapter 16
Table 16.1 Summary of the performance comparison of different control techniques for IM fed by a ZSI
Chapter 17
Table 17.1 Switching states of the three-phase four-leg inverter
Chapter 18
Table 18.1 Switching states of the three-phase three-leg inverter with shoot-through states
Table 18.2 Switching states of the three-phase four-leg inverter with shoot-through states
Table 18.3 Switching states of the five-phase inverter with shoot-through states
Table 18.4 qZS four-leg inverter and load parameters.
Chapter 19
Table 19.1 Simulation parameters for the power flow control of the two-cell qZS-CHB inverter
Table 19.2 Possible switching states of the two-cell qZS-CHB inverter
Chapter 20
Table 20.1 System specifications
Table 20.2 Operation conditions at different power
List of Illustrations
Chapter 01
Figure 1.1 Global renewable energy annual changes in gigawatts (2001–2013) [2].
Figure 1.2 Growth rates of installed capacity of different renewable energies [2].
Figure 1.3 Globally installed (a) wind power capacity [3] Used under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en) and (b) PV power capacity (to 2014) [4].
Figure 1.4 PV power systems categorized by configurations of PV panels between power converters.
Figure 1.5 Wind power generation systems based on (a) induction/synchronous generator (I/SG), and (b) doubly fed induction generator (DFIG).
Figure 1.6 Typical dc-ac (a) voltage-source and (b) current-source converters.
Figure 1.7 Illustrations of (a) three-level and (b) five-level diode-clamped converters.
Figure 1.8 Five-level cascaded multilevel inverter [20].
Figure 1.9 Three-level flying-capacitor converter.
Figure 1.10 A general topology of the Z-source converter.
Figure 1.11 Three-phase voltage-fed Z-source inverter—an example of Z-source inverter.
Figure 1.12 Summary of different Z-source converters in the literature, plus chapter numbers for this book: (a) Z-source converter categories; (b) Z-source network topologies.
Chapter 02
Figure 2.1 Topologies of voltage-fed ZSI/qZSI: (a) ZSI, (b) qZSI with discontinuous input current, (c) qZSI with continuous input current, and (d) bidirectional qZSI.
Figure 2.2 Equivalent circuit of the voltage-fed qZSI with continuous input current: (a) non-shoot-through state, (b) shoot-through state.
Figure 2.3 Equivalent circuit of qZSI shown in Figure 2.1(c): (a) shoot-through states, (b) non-shoot-through states.
Figure 2.4 Signal flow graph of qZSI.
Figure 2.5 Zero-pole trajectory: (a) inductance changing; (b) capacitance changing.
Figure 2.6 Bode diagram. (a) Inductance changing when
C
= 300
μ
F, (b) capacitance changing when
L
= 100
μ
H.
Figure 2.7 Step responses of capacitor voltage: (a) inductance changing when
C
= 300
μ
F, (b) capacitance changing when
L
= 100
μ
H.
Figure 2.8 Comparison of the simulation and small-signal models: (a) capacitor voltage, (b) inductor current.
Figure 2.9 Block diagram of simulated qZSI control system.
Figure 2.10 Simulation results of input voltage variation: (a) DC input voltage of qZSI, (b) shoot-through duty cycle, (c) dc-link voltage, (d) one phase of load voltage, (e) one phase of load current.
Figure 2.11 Simulation results of load variation: (a) Shoot-through duty cycle, (b) dc-link voltage, (c) one phase of load voltage, (d) one phase of load current.
Chapter 03
Figure 3.1 Conventional inverters: (a) voltage source inverter, (b) current source inverter.
Figure 3.2 Current-fed Z-source inverter (CF-ZSI) configuration.
Figure 3.3 Embedded current-fed Z-source inverter with (a) two input current source, (b) single input current source and dc-link embedded CF-ZSI.
Figure 3.4 Magnetically coupled current-fed Z-source inverter: (a) current-type trans-Z-source inverter, (b) current-type flipped-source inverter, and (c) current-type T-source inverter.
Figure 3.5 (a) Current-fed quasi-Z-source inverter and (b) current-fed trans-quasi-Z-source inverter.
Figure 3.6 Equivalent circuit of the CF-ZSI CSI: (a) non-open-circuit states and (b) open-circuit states.
Figure 3.7 Topology of current-fed qZSI with: (a) discontinuous input current, (b) continuous input current.
Figure 3.8 Equivalent circuits of current-fed qZSI: (a) active state, (b) short zero state, and (c) open zero state.
Figure 3.9 Characteristics of CF-qZSI: (a) dc voltage gain
V
out
/V
in
versus
D
A
, (b)
I
L
1
/I
in
versus
D
op
.
Figure 3.10 Current-fed Z-source/quasi-Z-source inverter current boost control methods.
Figure 3.11 Space vectors modulation of the traditional CSI.
Figure 3.12 SVPWM signals for (a) conventional current source inverter and (b) current-fed Z-source inverter/current-fed quasi Z-source inverter in sextant III.
Figure 3.13 Schematic diagram of grid-connected CF-ZSI.
Figure 3.14 Possible operation modes of the CF-qZSI shown in: (a) mode 1, (b) mode 2, (c) mode 3, (d) mode 4, and (e) mode 5.
Figure 3.15 The current-fed trans-qZSI for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle application.
Figure 3.16 Current-fed qZSI for HEV application: (a) parallel HEV and (b) series HEV.
Figure 3.17 A bidirectional fully controlled current-fed quasi-Z-source inverter-based ASD.
Chapter 04
Figure 4.1 Modulation methods of (a) simple boost control and (b) maximum boost control for the three-phase two-level ZSI/qZSI.
Figure 4.2 Maximum constant boost control of the ZSI/qZSI.
Figure 4.3 SVM for a traditional voltage source inverter: (a) basic voltage space vectors and (b) switching time sequence.
Figure 4.4 SVMs for the qZSI: (a) voltage space vectors; switching time sequences of (b) ZSVM6, (c) ZSVM4, (d) ZSVM2, (e) ZSVM1-I, and (f ) ZSVM1-II.
Figure 4.5 Maximum shoot-through duty ratio and voltage stress ratio of qZSI when using the different ZSVMs: (a) maximum shoot-through duty ratio versus the modulation index (b) switch’s maximum voltage stress ratio versus the voltage gain.
Figure 4.6 Simulation and experimental results of the qZSI system when using simple boost control: (a) simulated dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (b) experimental dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (c) simulated dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current in two control cycles, (d) experimental dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current shown in two control cycles.
Figure 4.7 Simulation and experimental results of the qZSI system when using ZSVM6: (a) simulated dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (b) experimental dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (c) simulated dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current in two control cycles, (d) experimental dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current shown in two control cycles.
Figure 4.8 Simulation and experimental results of the qZSI system when using ZSVM4: (a) simulated dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (b) experimental dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (c) simulated dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current in two control cycles, (d) experimental dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current shown in two control cycles.
Figure 4.9 Simulation and experimental results of the qZSI system when using ZSVM2: (a) simulated dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (b) experimental dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (c) simulated dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current in two control cycles, (d) experimental dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current shown in two control cycles.
Figure 4.10 Simulation and experimental results of the qZSI system when using the ZSVM1-I: (a) simulated dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (b) experimental dc-link voltage, inductor
L
1
current, ac load phase voltage and current, (c) simulated dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current in two control cycles, (d) experimental dc-link voltage and inductor
L
1
current shown in two control cycles.
Figure 4.11 The qZSI efficiency curves when using the different PWM methods.
Chapter 05
Figure 5.1 ZSI/qZSI’s shoot-through duty cycle control by (a) PI regulators and (b) non-linear methods.
Figure 5.2 Single-loop control methods of shoot-through duty cycle.
Figure 5.3 Double-loop control methods of shoot-through duty cycle.
Figure 5.4 Non-linear control methods of shoot-through duty cycle.
Chapter 06
Figure 6.1 Z-source inverter topologies: (a) basic ZSI, (b) bidirectional ZSI, (c) high-performance ZSI.
Figure 6.2 Improved ZSI topologies: (a) IZSI, (b) HP-IZSI, (c) SZSI, (d) QRSSZSI.
Figure 6.3 Neutral point ZSI topologies: (a) FWZSI, (b) FLZSI, (c) DuZSI, (d) NPZSI.
Figure 6.4 Reduced leakage current ZSI topologies: (a) ZSI-D and (b) ZSI-S.
Figure 6.5 Joint earthing ZSI topologies: (a) QZSI with discontinuous input current, (b) QZSI with continuous input current.
Figure 6.6 Distributed Z-source inverter (DiZSI) topology
Figure 6.7 Embedded Z-source inverter (EZSI) topology.
Figure 6.8 Bidirectional QZSI topology.
Figure 6.9 (a) SL-ZSI topology and (b) SL-IZSI topology.
Figure 6.10 SL-QZSI different topologies: (a) SL-QZSI, (b) ISL-QZSI, (c) SCL-QZSI, (d) ASC/SL-QZSI.
Figure 6.11 Three switched inductor QZSI topologies: (a) rSL-QZSI, (b) cSL-QZSI, (c) ESL-QZSI.
Figure 6.12 Relationship of the boost factor and duty ratio for different switched inductor ZSI topologies
Figure 6.13 Multi-cell switched inductor ZSI topology.
Figure 6.14 Different tapped inductor ZSI topologies: (a) tapped inductor ZSI, (b) tapped inductor QZSI.
Figure 6.15 Relationship of the boost factor and duty ratio with different TL-ZSI topologies
Figure 6.16 Extended boost quasi-Z-source inverter topologies: (a) CAC-QZSI, (b) MCAC-QZSI, (c) DAC-QZSI, (d) MDAC-QZSI.
Figure 6.17 Voltage boosting capability of different extended boost QZSI topologies
Figure 6.18 Transformer based Z-source inverter topologies: (a) T-source inverter (TSI)/trans-Z-source inverter (trans-ZSI), (b) trans-QZSI.
Figure 6.19 Improved transformer-based Z-source inverter topologies: (a) Improved trans-QZSI, (b) LCCT-ZSI, (c) TQZSI.
Figure 6.20 (a) Г-Z-source inverter (Г-ZSI); (b) asymmetrical Г-Z-source inverter (Asym-Г-ZSI).
Figure 6.21 (a) Sigma-ZSI (ΣZSI), (b) Y-source impedance network (YSIN).
Figure 6.22 Different cascaded and combined transformer-based ZSI topologies: (a) cascaded trans-Z-source inverter, (b) cascaded TZ-source inverter, (c) switched inductor Γ-source inverter.
Figure 6.23 High frequency transformer isolated quasi Z-source inverter (HFTI-QZSI).
Figure 6.24 L-Z-source inverter topology.
Figure 6.25 Boost factor comparison for the L-ZSI, SL-ZSI, and ZSI topologies
Figure 6.26 Three-level Z-source inverter topologies: (a) Z-source NPC inverter with two impedance networks and two DC sources, (b) Z-source NPC inverter with a single impedance network and two DC sources, (c) Z-source NPC inverter with a single impedance network and a single DC source, (d) quasi-Z-source NPC inverter, (e) Γ-Z-source NPC inverter, (f) trans-Z-source NPC inverter.
Figure 6.27 Five-level Z-source diode-clamped inverter.
Figure 6.28 Cascaded multilevel ZSI: (a) Cascaded four-level ZSI, (b) quasi-Z-source cascade
n
multilevel inverter.
Figure 6.29 Nine-switch dual-output Z-source inverter.
Figure 6.30 Dual-input/dual-output Z-source inverter.
Chapter 07
Figure 7.1 Illustration of (a) magnetically coupled transformers and (b) trans-ZSI.
Figure 7.2 Topologies of (a) voltage-type and (b) current-type trans-ZSIs.
Figure 7.3 Equivalent circuits of trans-Z-source inverter when in (a) shoot-through and (b) non-shoot-through states.
Figure 7.4 Simulation results of T- or Trans-ZSI with shoot-through ratio of 0.14 and modulation ratio of 0.97. (a) Viewed in fundamental period; (b) viewed in control period.
Figure 7.5 Derivation of LCCT-ZS network: (a) basic ZS network, (b) equivalent Z-source circuit with transformer coupling and built-in DC current blocking capacitors, (c) LCCT-ZS network with discontinuous input current, (d) LCCT-ZS network with continuous input current, (e) LCCT-ZS network with transformer and inductor windings on the same core, and (f) integrated transformer-inductor system with ideal couplings.
Figure 7.6 LCCT-ZSI in (a) configuration; and the equivalent circuits in three operation states: (b) shoot-through state, (c) non-shoot-through state with
i
D
> 0, and (d) non-shoot-through state with
i
D
= 0.
Figure 7.7 The LCCT-qZS network: (a) basic qZS network, (b) LCCT-qZS network, (c) T-equivalent circuit of LCCT-qZS network, and (d) LCCT-qZSI.
Figure 7.8 Simulation results of the LCCT-qZSI loaded with a 500 W induction motor: (a) diode current
i
D
, input voltage
V
DC
, capacitor voltage
v
C
1
= 200 V, and dc-link voltage
v
i
, (b) continuous input current
i
IN
, line-to-line output voltage
v
out
, input voltage
V
DC
and capacitor voltage
v
C
1
.
Chapter 08
Figure 8.1 Topologies of (a) traditional voltage source rectifier, (b) Z-source rectifier, and (c) quasi-Z-source rectifier.
Figure 8.2 Voltage-fed quasi-Z-source rectifier with resistive load.
Figure 8.3 Equivalent circuits of qZSR shown in Figure 8.2: (a) Shoot-through states, (b) non-shoot-through states.
Figure 8.4 Block diagrams of qZSR control scheme: (a) dc output voltage control, (b) ac current control.
Figure 8.5 Bode plots of (a)
G
Vod
(
s
) and open-loop transfer function after the compensation by the PI controller, and (b) closed-loop transfer function after the compensation.
Figure 8.6 Simulation results of qZSR in the rectifier mode with a load increase at
t
= 1 s: (a) source voltage and current of phase-A, (b) dc output voltage, (c) dc-link voltage after load changing, (d) transients of source voltage and current during load change.
Figure 8.7 Phase-A source voltage and current when qZSR is in the inverter mode.
Chapter 09
Figure 9.1 A dc-dc converter with intermediate H-bridge switching topology [1, 2].
Figure 9.2 Other dc-dc Z-source converters implemented with (a) one switch, (b) two switches, and (c) the push-pull circuitry [1].
Figure 9.3 Trans-Z-source dc-dc converter implemented with an intermediate H-bridge switching topology.
Figure 9.4 Z-H dc-dc converter.
Figure 9.5 Family of four-quadrant dc-dc converters using (a) Z-source and (b) quasi-Z-source networks
Figure 9.6 Illustration of (a) gating sequence for switches
S
1
and
S
2
, (b) shoot-through equivalent circuit, (c) active equivalent circuit when
S
2
is on, and (d) active equivalent circuit when
S
1
is on, for the proposed converter [1].
Figure 9.7 Simulation waveforms obtained with
D
t
= 60%.
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Two ac-ac converter topologies: (a) direct matrix converter and (b) indirect matrix converter.
Figure 10.2 Integrated (a) and cascade matrix-reactance frequency (b) converter topologies.
Figure 10.3 Different Z-source matrix converter topologies: (a) ZSIMC with discontinuous current mode, (b) QZSIMC with discontinuous current mode, (c) QZSIMC with continuous current mode, (d) simplified QZSIMC.
Figure 10.4 Equivalent circuit of the QZS-IMC: (a) non-shoot-through state and (b) shoot-through state.
Figure 10.5 Voltage gain versus modulation index of the QZSIMC.
Figure 10.6 Block diagram of a vector control-based QZSIMC-fed IM drive system.
Figure 10.7 Different Z-source indirect matrix converter topologies: (a) Z-source indirect matrix converter [14], (b) Z-source sparse converter, (c) Z-source ultra-sparse converter, (d) bidirectional Z-source sparse converter [15–17].
Figure 10.8 (a) Series Z-source matrix converter, (b) quasi-Z-source matrix converter, and (c) switched-inductor Z-source matrix converter topologies [18, 19].
Figure 10.9 (a) Bidirectional three-level Z-source indirect matrix converter, (b) unidirectional three-level Z-source indirect sparse matrix converter topologies [22, 23].
Figure 10.10 Three-phase to single-phase super-sparse: (a) Z-source matrix converter (ZSMC) (b) switched-inductor Z source matrix converter (SIZMC) topologies.
Figure 10.11 Modes of operation of the quasi-Z-source matrix converter: (a) non-shoot-through state, (b) shoot-through state.
Figure 10.12 Z-source indirect matrix converter based IM arive system: (a) system topology and (b) control algorithm.
Figure 10.13 Block diagram of the quasi-Z-source indirect matrix converter based induction motor drive.
Figure 10.14 Wind-energy system with PMSG, matrix converter, and LCD network.
Figure 10.15 Different Z-source direct matrix converter (ZSDMC) topologies.
Figure 10.16 Quasi Z-source direct matrix converter topologies with: (a) discontinuous input current and (b) continuous input current.
Figure 10.17 Single-phase Z-source matrix converter topology.
Figure 10.18 Single to three-phase Z-source matrix converter.
Figure 10.19 Quasi-Z-source direct matrix converter topology.
Figure 10.20 Equivalent circuit of the QZSDMC: (a) shoot-through state, (b) non-shoot-through state.
Figure 10.21 QZSDMC switching states generation.
Figure 10.22 Voltage envelope indicators.
Figure 10.23 Block diagram of QZSDMC PWM generation with ST insertion.
Figure 10.24 Block diagram for a QZSDMC-based ASD system.
Figure 10.25 Block diagram of the QZSDMC-based IM ASD.
Figure 10.26 Grid-connected QZSDMC system.
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 ZSI/qZSI with battery: (a) ZSI with battery [1], (b) qZSI with battery.
Figure 11.2 Quasi-Z-source inverter with battery: (a) Topology, (b) equivalent circuits in shoot-through state, and (c) non-shoot-through state [6].
Figure 11.3 Control of energy stored qZSI-based PV power generation system.
Figure 11.4 Design process of battery current closed-loop controller: (a) block diagram of the proposed closed-loop compensation, (b) pole-zero map of
G
ibd
(
s
) before compensation, (c) pole-zero map of
G
oibd
(
s
) after compensation, (d) Bode plots of the compensation process: trace 1 stands for
G
ibd
(
s
), trace 2 stands for
G
cpi
(
s
), trace 3 stands for
G
oibd
(
s
); (e) Bode plot of closed-loop transfer function
G
cibd
(
s
) [6].
Figure 11.5 Battery SOC control [5].
Figure 11.6 Simulated results in
SOC
min
<
SOC
<
SOC
max
: (a) PV panel voltage reference and actual voltage, (b) PV panel power, grid-injected power, and battery power, (c) inductor currents and battery current, (d) battery state of charge, (e) shoot-through duty ratio, (f) capacitor
C
1
voltage and battery voltage, (g) dc-link voltage, (h) grid-injected current, (i) zoom-in grid-injected current during the irradiation change [6].
Figure 11.7 Simulated results when the battery SOC reaches the upper limit: (a) battery state of charge, (b) PV panel power, grid-injected power, and battery power, (c) inductor currents and battery current, (d) shoot-through duty ratio, (e) PV panel voltage reference and actual voltage, (f) capacitor
C
1
voltage and battery voltage, (g) dc-link voltage, (h) grid-injected current, (i) zoom-in grid-injected current when the SOC has reached 80% [6].
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Topology of Z-source NPC inverter with two LC impedance networks.
Figure 12.2 Topology of Z-source NPC inverter using only a single LC impedance network.
Figure 12.3 Simplified representations of Z-source NPC inverter of Figure 12.1 with a single impedance network when in (a) non-shoot-through and (b) full dc-link shoot-through states.
Figure 12.4 Simplified representations of Z-source NPC inverter with a single impedance network as shown in Figure 12.2 when in (a) upper-shoot-through and (b) lower-shoot-through states.
Figure 12.5 Space vector representation of a three-level inverter.
Figure 12.6 APOD modulation of traditional and three-level Z-source inverters.
Figure 12.7 Intermediate shoot-through path of a Z-source NPC inverter.
Figure 12.8 PD modulation of traditional and three-level Z-source inverters.
Figure 12.9 Topologies of (a) ZS-CMI and (b) qZS-CMI based PV power system.
Figure 12.10 Equivalent circuits: (a) at shoot-through state, (b) at non-shoot-through state.
Figure 12.11 Sketch map of the PS-SPWM for the qZS-CMI.
Figure 12.12 PS-PWAM of qZS-CMI.
Figure 12.13 Switching pattern of module A
1
in three-phase qZS-CMI.
Figure 12.14 Block diagram of the
k
th module model in phase
x
.
Figure 12.15 Topology of
n
-layer qZS-CMI based grid-tie PV system.
Figure 12.16 Block diagram of qZS-CMI based PV system’s model for phase
x
.
Figure 12.17 The total PV voltage and grid-tie current control of three-phase qZS-CMI based PV system.
Figure 12.18 PV panel voltage controls for modules 2 to
n
in phase
x
.
Figure 12.19 Independent control of dc-link peak voltage of the
k
th module in phase
x
.
Figure 12.20 Simulated results when PV panel of module
A
3
has temperature change. (a) PV voltage, dc-link voltage, and shoot-through duty cycle of the module
A
3
, (b) PV voltage, dc-link voltage, and shoot-through duty cycle of module A
1
, (c) modulation signals of three modules in phase a, (d) grid-tie current in phase with grid voltage, (e) three-phase grid-tie currents and qZS-CMI’s seven-level three-phase voltages.
Figure 12.21 Simulated results when PV panel’s irradiation of module
A
3
decreases: (a) PV currents of modules
A
1
and
A
3
, (b) PV voltage, dc-link voltage, and shoot-through duty cycle of module A
3
, (c) modulation signals of three modules in phase
a
, (d) grid-tie current in phase with grid voltage, and (e) qZS-CMI’s seven-level three-phase voltages and currents.
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Three-phase quasi-Z source inverter.
Figure 13.2 Single-phase quasi-Z source inverter.
Figure 13.3 Phasor diagram of 2
ω
voltage and current components: (a) capacitor voltage and inductor current, (b) capacitor voltage and dc-link current.
Figure 13.4 The 2
ω
ripple ratio of (a) dc-link voltage envelope, and (b) inductor current.
Figure 13.5 Switching states of single-phase qZSI.
Figure 13.6 Equivalent circuits in one switching cycle: (a) traditional zero state 1,
S
1234
= {0 1 0 1}, (b) traditional zero state 2,
S
1234
= {1 0 1 0}, (c) shoot-through state 1,
S
1234
= {1 1 0 1}, (d) shoot-through state 2,
S
1234
= {1 0 1 1}; (e) active state,
S
1234
= {1 0 0 1}.
Figure 13.7 Coupled inductors layout.
Figure 13.8 Three inverter systems configured for fuel cell vehicles with a PMSM as a load: (a) conventional PWM inverter, (b) dc-dc boosted PWM inverter, (c) ZSI.
Figure 13.9 Comparison of inverter efficiencies.
Figure 13.10 Stored energies in the three inverter systems at different powers.
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 PV power characteristics of current and power versus voltage for a 600 W system.
Figure 14.2 Configuration of single-phase qZSI-based PV power system.
Figure 14.3 Configuration of three-phase qZSI-based PV power system.
Figure 14.4 A control method for a three-phase qZSI-based PV power system.
Figure 14.5 Calculated and simulated results of PV panel voltage and dc-link voltage in single qZS H-bridge module: (a, b) for PV panel voltage
v
PV
from 2
ω
ripple model and simulation, (c, d) for dc-link peak voltage from 2
ω
ripple model and dc-link voltage from simulation .
Figure 14.6 Calculated and simulated results of inductor currents and capacitor voltages in single qZS H-bridge module: (a) inductor currents
i
L
1
and
i
L
2
from 2
ω
ripple model, (b) inductor currents
i
L
1
and
i
L
2
from simulation, (c) capacitor voltages
v
C
1
and
v
C
2
from 2
ω
ripple model, and (d) capacitor voltages
v
C
1
and
v
C
2
from simulation .
Figure 14.7 Simulation results of the three-phase qZS PV power system: (a) sketch map of working conditions, (b) PV-panel voltage, grid-connected power and current, (c) capacitor
C
1
voltage, shoot-through duty ratio, and dc-link voltage.
Figure 14.8 System configuration of 1 MW/11 kV qZS CMI system.
Figure 14.9 Simulation results of 1 MW/11 kV qZS CMI PV power system: (a) one module’s PV-panel voltage, dc-link voltage, PV-panel current, and qZS-capacitor voltages, (b) stepwise phase voltage of qZS-CMI, (c) one-phase load voltage, (d) one-phase load current, (e) system output power.
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Example of wind power characteristics of power versus rotor speed.
Figure 15.2 Traditional PMSG-WPGS with dc-dc boost converter-based two-stage inverter.
Figure 15.3 Configuration of PMSG-WPGS using qZSI for the boost of the voltage to the grid .
Figure 15.4 System control of PMSG-WPGS using qZSI .
Figure 15.5 Simulated results of generator side in qZSI based wind power system: (a) wind speed, (b) power of wind turbine, (c) rotor speed of generator, (d) generator currents .
Figure 15.6 Simulated results of qZSI based wind power system: (a) rectifier voltage, (b) capacitor voltage of quasi-Z-source network, (c) shoot-though duty cycle, (d) dc-link voltage of qZSI; (e) dc-link peak voltage of qZSI .
Figure 15.7 Simulated results of dc-dc boost converter-based wind power system: (a) rectifier voltage, (b) dc-link voltage of traditional VSI .
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 Traditional variable speed drive system configuration with induction motor (IM).
Figure 16.2 Effect of under-voltage on losses and efficiency of an 11 kW induction motor (measurements, all values are referred to their rated values) [4,5].
Figure 16.3 Z-source inverter ASD system configuration.
Figure 16.4 Different ZSI topologies used in motor drive applications: (a) ZSI, (b) BZSI [11], (c) HP-ZSI [12], (d) QZSI [13], (e) BQZSI.
Figure 16.5 Main circuit of (a) Z-source inverter based PMBDCM. and (b) improved ZSI based PMBDCM
Figure 16.6 Block diagram of the BLDC motor drive and MPPT of PV array.
Figure 16.7 Overall block diagram of the DTC of a BLDC motor drive.
Figure 16.8 The complete block diagram of a sensorless BLDCM control.
Figure 16.9 Z-source inverter based switched reluctance motor drive system.
Figure 16.10 Schematic diagram of a PMSM drive system fed by a BZSI.
Figure 16.11 Control scheme of a PMSM drive system fed by a BZSI for electric vehicle applications.
Figure 16.12 Sliding-mode control of a PMSM fed by a BZSI.
Figure 16.13 Block diagram of an IPMSM-ZSI drive system with flux weakening control.
Figure 16.14 PAM/PWM based open-loop V/F control of a ZSI-IM based ASD system.
Figure 16.15 Control block diagram of the PWM CSR-ZSI-IM ASD system.
Figure 16.16 Four-switch three-phase ZSI-IM drive system: (a) topology configuration, (b) V/F control algorithm.
Figure 16.17 Single-phase to three-phase QZSI feeding IM.
Figure 16.18 Voltage mode integrated control technique (VM-ICT) for ZSI fed IM drive.
Figure 16.19 Block diagram of the IFOC of a three-phase IM.
Figure 16.20 Closed-loop speed control of an induction motor fed by: (a) BZSI and (b) BQZSI.
Figure 16.21 Block diagram of: (a) classical DTC and (b) DTC-SVM based IM drive.
Figure 16.22 DTC-SVM closed-loop speed control of three-phase induction motor fed by a high-performance ZSI.
Figure 16.23 Predictive torque control for a BQZSI feeding an IM: (a) block diagram, (b) implementation flowchart.
Figure 16.24 Complete block diagram of a five-phase ZSI-IM ASD system.
Figure 16.25 Six-phase Z-source inverter feeding an IM.
Figure 16.26 The control scheme for a nine-phase QZSI IM drive system.
Figure 16.27 Two-phase motor drive system with Z-source converter.
Figure 16.28 SPIM drive system using ZSI: (a) schematic diagram and (b) control block diagram.
Figure 16.29 ZSI applications for FCHEV applications (a: b:).
Figure 16.30 Bidirectional Z-source nine-switch inverter (BZS-NSI) for HEV applications.
Figure 16.31
B
idirectional Z-source inverter in double-ended inverter drive system for HEV [66].
Figure 16.32 Back-to-back Z-source topology in HEV applications.
Figure 16.33 Using the HP-ZSI for FCHEV applications.
Figure 16.34 Z Source inverter fed locomotive drives.
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1 Example of a symmetrical decomposition of an unbalanced three-phase signal.
Figure 17.2 Possible connections between the power source and the load: (a) Y-Y connection, (b) ∆-∆ connection, (c) Y-∆ connection, (d) ∆-Y connection.
Figure 17.3 A three-phase four-wire VSI with split dc-link capacitors and an output filter.
Figure 17.4 A three-phase four-wire VSI with a ∆-Y transformer.
Figure 17.5 A three-phase four-leg VSI supplying an unbalanced load.
Figure 17.6 Impedance source three-phase four-leg inverter topology
Figure 17.7 Model of Z-source inverter: (a) equivalent circuit of the Z-source network, (b) in the non-shoot-through state, (c) in the shoot-through state.
Figure 17.8 Model of qZ-source inverter: (a) equivalent circuit of the quasi-Z-source network, (b) in the non-shoot-through state, (c) in the shoot-through state.
Figure 17.9 Equivalent circuit of the three-phase four-leg inverter
Figure 17.10 Sixteen switching states of the four-leg inverter.
Figure 17.11 Switching vectors in
α-β-γ
coordinates for the four-leg inverter.
Figure 17.12 Prism identification of the switching vectors.
Figure 17.13 Tetrahedron identification in Prism 1.
Figure 17.14 Block diagram of the carrier-based PWM for four-leg VSI.
Figure 17.15 Experimental results with the same output voltage at (a)
V
in
= 180 V,
M
= 0.8, (b)
V
in
= 100 V,
M
= 1; (c)
V
in
= 80 V,
M
= 0.85
Figure 17.16 Equivalent circuit of the five-phase inverter.
Figure 17.17 Phase voltage space vector in
α-β
axes for the five-phase inverter.
Figure 17.18 Phase voltage space vector in
x-y
axes for the five-phase inverter.
Figure 17.19 Space vectors for five-phase VSI.
Figure 17.20 Traditional SVM switching pattern for a five-phase VSI while applying large and medium vectors.
Figure 17.21 SVM for five-phase qZSI with large and medium vectors
Figure 17.22 The application time intervals of space vectors for one switching cycle: (a) SVQ1, (b) SVQ2
Figure 17.23 Discontinuous SVM for five-phase qZSI with large and medium vectors (DSVQ)
Figure 17.24 The application time intervals of the space vectors for one switching cycle: (a) DSVQ1, (b) DSVQ2.
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1 Working principle of model predictive control.
Figure 18.2 Impedance source three-phase three-leg inverter topology.
Figure 18.3 Impedance source three-phase four-leg inverter topology.
Figure 18.4 Impedance source
n
-phase inverter topology.
Figure 18.5 Equivalent circuit of the three-phase three-leg inverter in Figure 18.2.
Figure 18.6 Voltage vectors of the three-phase three-leg inverter in Figure 18.2.
Figure 18.7 Equivalent circuit of the three-phase four-leg inverter in Figure 18.3.
Figure 18.8 Voltage vectors of the three-phase four-leg inverter.
Figure 18.9 Equivalent circuit of the five-phase inverter.
Figure 18.10 Phase voltage space vector in α-β axis for the five-phase inverter.
Figure 18.11 Phase voltage space vector in
x
-
y
axis for the five-phase inverter.
Figure 18.12 MPC scheme for a Z-source three-leg inverter.
Figure 18.13 Schematic illustration of the prediction (a) output current, (b) capacitor voltage, and (c) inductor current [10, 11].
Figure 18.14 Flowchart of the MPC for three-phase qZSI.
Figure 18.15 MPC scheme for a Z-source four-leg inverter.
Figure 18.16 Flowchart of the MPC scheme for four-leg inverter.
Figure 18.17 MPC scheme for a Z-source five-phase inverter.
Figure 18.18 Flowchart of the MPC scheme for five-phase inverter.
Figure 18.19 Steady-state simulation results with balanced reference currents and balanced loads for four-leg inverter: (a) three-phase output currents (
i
a
, i
b
, i
c
), (b) neutral current (
i
n
), (c) inductor current (
I
L
), and (d) qZS network voltages (
V
C
1
,
V
C
2
,
v
PN
).
Figure 18.20 Steady-state simulation results with unbalanced reference currents and unbalanced loads for four-leg inverter: (a) three-phase output currents (
i
a
, i
b
, i
c
), (b) neutral current (
i
n
), (c) inductor current (
I
L
), and (d) qZS network voltages (
V
C
1
,
V
C
2
,
v
PN
).
Figure 18.21 Transient simulation results with balanced reference currents and balanced loads for four-leg inverter: (a) three-phase output currents (
i
a
, i
b
, i
c
), (b) neutral current (
i
n
), (c) inductor current (
I
L
), and (d) qZS network voltages (
V
C
1
,
V
C
2
,
v
PN
)
Figure 18.22 Transient simulation results with unbalanced reference currents and unbalanced loads for four-leg inverter: (a) three-phase output currents (
i
a
, i
b
, i
c
), (b) neutral current (
i
n
), (c) inductor current (
I
L
), and (d) qZS network voltages (
V
C
1
,
V
C
2
,
v
PN
).
Figure 18.23 Simulation result of shoot-through states in boost conversion mode
Chapter 19
Figure 19.1 Two-cell grid-connected power conditioning system.
Figure 19.2 Block diagram of conventional PLL using phase detector, loop filter, and voltage controlled oscillator.
Figure 19.3 Tracking of the grid frequency using the conventional PLL.
Figure 19.4 Dual loop block diagram for the control of the injected grid current and dc-link voltage.
Figure 19.5 Block diagram of the dc-link peak voltage control.
Figure 19.6 Block diagram of the grid current loop.
Figure 19.7 Regulated dc-link voltage using the dual loop control strategy.
Figure 19.8 qZS inductor current using the dual loop control strategy.
Figure 19.9 Injected grid current using the dual loop control strategy.
Figure 19.10 Grid current THD using the dual loop control strategy.
Figure 19.11 Five-level output voltage with the grid voltage using the dual loop control strategy.
Figure 19.12 Dynamic test using the dual loop control strategy: (a) Total output power, (b) qZS-CHB output current, (c) qZS inductor current.
Figure 19.13 Grid current injection performance using the dual loop control strategy: (a) grid synchronization, (b) power reference tracking, (c) power factor.
Figure 19.14 MPC block diagram for the control of the two-cell qZS-CHB inverter.
Figure 19.15 Regulated dc-link voltage using model predictive control.
Figure 19.16 qZS inductor current using model predictive control.
Figure 19.17 Zoomed snapshot of the qZS inductor current and dc-link voltage using model predictive control.
Figure 19.18 Five-level output voltage with the grid voltage using model predictive control.
Figure 19.19 Injected grid current using model predictive control.
Figure 19.20 Grid current THD using model predictive control.
Figure 19.21 Grid current injection performance using model predictive control: (a) grid synchronization, (b) power reference tracking, (c) power factor.
Figure 19.22 Dynamic test (MPC): (a) total output power, (b) qZS-CHB output current, (c) qZS inductor current.
Figure 19.23 Low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) requirements of distributed generation systems in different countries [28]
Figure 19.24 Simulations results under voltage sag using model predictive control: (a) grid voltage and current, (b) active power, (c) Power factor.
Figure 19.25 Grid-connected system configuration showing the power flow
Figure 19.26 Combined controller for anti-islanding protection
Figure 19.27 Anti-islanding protection test results using the SMS method: (a) voltages, (b) injected grid current, (c) frequency at the common coupling point, (d) rms value of the voltage at the common coupling point, (e) fault signal
Figure 19.28 Grid current THD with the combined dual loop – slip mode frequency shift controller.
Figure 19.29 Grid current THD with the combined model predictive control – slip mode frequency shift.
Figure 19.30 Grid current THD with the combined dual loop – Sandia frequency shift controller.
Figure 19.31 Grid current THD with the combined model predictive control – Sandia frequency shift controller.
Figure 19.32 Grid current THD with the combined dual loop – Active Frequency Drift controller.
Figure 19.33 Grid current THD with the combined Model Predictive Control – Active Frequency Drift controller.
Chapter 20
Figure 20.1 Characteristics of SiC material with respect to Si material.
Figure 20.2 qZS-diode current of single-phase qZSI in one control cycle when using SPWM: (a) topology, (b) qZS-diode current.
Figure 20.3 Fuel cell fed ZSI for induction motor system.
Figure 20.4 ZSI power loss versus different power when using three different power modules.
Figure 20.5 ZSI semiconductor loss distribution at (a) 50 kW and (b) 10 kW.
Figure 20.6 Calculated efficiency of ZSI when using three different power modules.
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
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IMPEDANCE SOURCE POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS
Yushan Liu
Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
Haitham Abu-Rub
Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
Baoming Ge
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Frede Blaabjerg
Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
Omar Ellabban
Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarHelwan University, Cairo, Egypt
Poh Chiang Loh
Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
This edition first published 2016© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
First Edition published in 2016
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Liu, Yushan, 1986– author.Title: Impedance source power electronic converters / authored by Yushan Liu, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, Haitham Abu-Rub, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, Baoming Ge, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA, Frede Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark, Omar Ellabban, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt, Poh Chiang Loh, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark.Description: First edition. | Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2016014284 (print) | LCCN 2016021902 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119037071 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119037118 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119037101 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Electric current converters. | Energy conservation–Equipment and supplies. | Transfer impedance. | Electric power production–Equipment and supplies.Classification: LCC TK7872.C8 L58 2016 (print) | LCC TK7872.C8 (ebook) | DDC 621.3815/322–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016014284
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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Preface
There are significant research efforts worldwide related to renewable energy conversion, electric transportation, and many other industrial applications that require power converters/inverters. Thus there is a huge scope for developing commercially viable and technically feasible efficient and reliable power converters. The traditional voltage source inverter has to maintain a dead-time between the upper and lower switches in one bridge leg to avoid short circuit, which introduces distortions to ac output waveforms. Also, an extra dc-dc boost converter is usually required when the dc source voltage is insufficient to supply the output voltage, resulting in a two-stage system with high cost and complicated control. The traditional current source inverter has analogous limits. All this has motivated many researchers to work on a single-stage converter. This book brings together state-of-the-art knowledge and cutting-edge techniques in various stages of research related to the most popular and appealing single-stage converter, which is the impedance source converter/inverter and its modifications.
The impedance source network, consisting of inductors, capacitors, and switches/diode, overcomes the above mentioned limitations by offering buck or boost capabilities in a single stage and short-circuit immunity of inverter legs. All this makes it possible to get rid of the dead-time between phase-leg switches and to enhance the reliability of the system. The solution has found widespread investigations for dc-dc, dc-ac, ac-dc, and ac-ac low-/high-power conversion since it was first suggested.
This book presents a systemic view of impedance source converters/inverters, offering comprehensive analysis, control, and comparison of both typical and various derived impedance source topologies reported in literatures and researched by the authors. The impedance source converters/inverters distribute the shoot-through behavior into the inverter/converter phase legs. All the traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes can be used to drive the phase legs. The book addresses and compares different kinds of modified PWM schemes for impedance source converters/inverters, including simple boost control, maximum boost control, maximum constant boost control, space vector modulation, and pulse-width-amplitude modulation. The book also discusses the hardware design of passive components for optimizing the converters/inverters. The impedance values are significant to the system performance. The approach is to maintain lower size, volume, and weight while ensuring high performance and high quality responses.
Modeling of converters/inverters is essential for understanding the circuit operation and developing control methods. Thus, this book includes the models of impedance source converters/inverters used to design control parameters for corresponding linear control methods, and also to develop model predictive control. The book presents also various existing topics such as applications of impedance source converters/inverters to renewable energy generation and electric drives, multi-leg (four-leg and five-phase) converters/inverters. It includes the configuration, operation, and simulation/experiment results of the discussed topologies and control. Future trends of research and development in this area are also discussed.
The book provides a thorough understanding of the concepts, design, control, and applications of the impedance source converters/inverters. Researchers, senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as professional engineers investigating vital topics related to power electronic converters will find great value in the content of the book. They will be able to apply the presented design approaches in this book to building and researching the future generation of efficient and reliable power electronics converters/inverters.
The contribution of Dr Poh Chiang Loh in this book is Chapter 9, Section 7.1, Section 12.1, and Subsection 1.1.2. The rest of materials are the contribution of the other authors (except Chapter 17 has the contribution from Dr Sertac Bayhan, Chapter 18 has the contribution from Dr Sertac Bayhan and Mr Mostafa Mosa, and Chapter 19 has the contribution from Dr Mohamed Trabelsi).
Acknowledgment
We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation to all the people who directly or indirectly helped in making this book a reality. Our special thanks go to Texas A&M University at Qatar for the support provided to realize this effort. Most of the book chapters (except Chapter 9, Section 7.1, Section 12.1, and Subsection 1.1.2) were made possible by NPRP-EP grant # [X-033-2-007] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.
We are indebted to our family members for their continuous support, patience, and encouragement, without which this book would not have been completed.
Above all we’re grateful to the almighty, the most beneficent and merciful, who provided us the continuous confidence and determination in accomplishing this work.
Sincerely,Authors
Bios
Dr Yushan Liu received her BSc degree in automation from Beijing Institute of Technology, China, in 2008, and her PhD degree in electrical engineering from the School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, China, in 2014. She is currently a postdoctoral research associate in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, where she was a research assistant from 2011 to 2014.
Dr Liu is the recipient of “Research Fellow Excellence Award” from Texas A&M University at Qatar, one of “Ten Excellent Doctoral Dissertations” from Beijing Jiaotong University, and many other prestigious research awards. Her research interests include impedance source inverters, cascade multilevel converters, photovoltaic power integration, renewable energy systems, and pulse-width modulation techniques. She has published more than 50 journal and conference papers and one book chapter in the area of expertise.
Dr Haitham Abu-Rub holds two PhDs, one in electrical engineering and the other in humanities.
Since 2006, Dr Abu-Rub has been associated with Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar, where he was promoted to professor. Currently he is the chair of the electrical and computer engineering program at the same university as well as the managing director of Smart Grid Centre – Extension in Qatar. His main research interests are energy conversion systems, including electric drives, power electronic converters, renewable energy and smart grid.
Dr Abu-Rub is the recipient of many prestigious international awards, such as the American Fulbright Scholarship, the German Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, the German DAAD Scholarship, and the British Royal Society Scholarship.
Dr Abu-Rub has published more than 250 journal and conference papers, and has supervised many research projects. Currently he is leading many potential projects on photovoltaic and hybrid renewable power generation systems with different types of converters and on electric drives. He is co-author of five books including this, four of which are with Wiley. Dr Abu-Rub is an active IEEE senior member and is an editor in many IEEE journals.
Dr Baoming Ge received his PhD degree in electrical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2000.
He worked in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, from 2000 to 2002. In 2002, he joined the school of electrical engineering in Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, was promoted to professor in 2006. He worked in the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, from 2004 to 2005, and in Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, from 2007 to 2008 and 2010 to 2014. He is with the Renewable Energy and Advanced Power Electronics Researach Laboratory in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. He has authored more than 200 journal and conference papers, two books, two book chapters, holds seven patents. His main research interests are the renewable energy generation, electrical machine drives, and power electronics.
Dr Frede Blaabjerg received his PhD degree from Aalborg University, Denmark, in 1992. He was with ABB-Scandia, Randers, Denmark, from 1987 to 1988. He became an assistant professor in 1992, an associate professor in 1996, and a full professor of power electronics and drives in 1998. His current research interests include power electronics and its applications such as in wind turbines, PV systems, reliability, harmonics, and adjustable speed drives.
He has received 15 IEEE Prize Paper Awards, the IEEE Power Electronics Society Distinguished Service Award in 2009, the EPE-PEMC Council Award in 2010, the IEEE William E. Newell Power Electronics Award 2014, and the Villum Kann Rasmussen Research Award 2014. He was an editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics from 2006 to 2012. He has been a Distinguished Lecturer for the IEEE Power Electronics Society from 2005 to 2007 and for the IEEE Industry Applications Society from 2010 to 2011.
Dr Omar Ellabban was born in Egypt in 1975. He received his BSc degree in electrical machines and power engineering from Helwan University, Egypt, his MSc degree in electrical machines and power engineering from Cairo University, Egypt, and his PhD degree in electrical engineering from Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium, in 1998, 2005, and 2011, respectively.
He joined the R&D Department, Punch Powertrain, Sint-Truiden, Belgium, in 2011, where he and his team developed a next-generation, high-performance hybrid powertrain. In 2012, he joined Texas A&M University at Qatar, first as a post-doctoral research associate and then an assistant research scientist in 2013, where he is involved in different renewable energy projects. He has authored more than 50 journal and conference papers, one book chapter, and two conference tutorials. His current research interests include renewable energies, smart grid, automatic control, motor drives, power electronics, and electric vehicles.
Dr Poh Chiang Loh received the B Eng and M Eng degrees in electrical engineering from the National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 1998 and 2000, respectively, and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from Monash University, Clayton, Australia, in 2002.
He is currently with the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. His research interests are in power converters and their grid applications.
1Background and Current Status
Yushan Liu1, Haitham Abu-Rub1, Baoming Ge2, Frede Blaabjerg3, Poh Chiang Loh3 and Omar Ellabban1,4
1Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
3Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
4Department of Electrical Machines and Power Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
