Information Storage and Management E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 593

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2010

Beschreibung

The spiraling growth of digital information makes the ISM book a"must have" addition to your IT reference library. This exponentialgrowth has driven information management technology to new levelsof sophistication and complexity, exposing a skills gap thatchallenge IT managers and professionals alike. The ISM book,written by storage professionals from EMC Corporation, takes an'open' approach to teaching information storageand management, focusing on concepts and principles - ratherthat product specifics - that can be applied in all ITenvironmentsThe book enables existing and aspiring IT professionals,students, faculty, and those simply wishing to gain deeper insightto this emerging pillar of IT infrastructure to achieve acomprehensive understanding of all segments of information storagetechnology.Sixteen chapters are organized into four sections. Advancedtopics build upon the topics learned in previous chapters.Section 1, "Information Storage and Management forToday's World": Four chapters cover information growthand challenges, define a storage system and its environment, reviewthe evolution of storage technology, and introduce intelligentstorage systems.Section 2, "Storage Options and Protocols": Six chapterscover the SCSI and Fibre channel architecture, direct-attachedstorage (DAS), storage area networks (SANs), network-attachedstorage (NAS), Internet Protocol SAN (IP-SAN), content-addressedstorage (CAS), and storage virtualization.Section 3, "Business Continuity and Replication": Fourchapters introduce business continuity, backup and recovery, localdata replication, and remote data replication.Section 4, "Security and Administration": Two chapterscover storage security and storage infrastructure monitoring andmanagement.The book's supplementary web site provides up-to-dateinformation on additional learning aids and storage certificationopportunities.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

About the Editors

Credits

Acknowledgments

Icons used in this book

Foreword

Introduction

Section I: Storage System

Chapter 1: Introduction to Information Storage and Management

1.1 Information Storage

1.2 Evolution of Storage Technology and Architecture

1.3 Data Center Infrastructure

1.4 Key Challenges in Managing Information

1.5 Information Lifecycle

Summary

Chapter 2: Storage System Environment

2.1 Components of a Storage System Environment

2.2 Disk Drive Components

2.3 Disk Drive Performance

2.4 Fundamental Laws Governing DiskPerformance

2.5 Logical Components of the Host

2.6 Application Requirements and DiskPerformance

Summary

Chapter 3: Data Protection: RAID

3.1 Implementation of RAID

3.2 RAID Array Components

3.3 RAID Levels

3.4 RAID Comparison

3.5 RAID Impact on Disk Performance

3.6 Hot Spares

Summary

Chapter 4: Intelligent Storage System

4.1 Components of an Intelligent Storage System

4.2 Intelligent Storage Array

4.3 Concepts in Practice: EMC CLARiiON and Symmetrix

Summary

Section II: Storage Networking Technologies and Virtualization

Chapter 5: Direct-Attached Storage and Introduction to SCSI

5.1 Types of DAS

5.2 DAS Benefits and Limitations

5.3 Disk Drive Interfaces

5.4 Introduction to Parallel SCSI

5.5 SCSI Command Model

Summary

Chapter 6: Storage Area Networks

6.1 Fibre Channel: Overview

6.2 The SAN and Its Evolution

6.3 Components of SAN

6.4 FC Connectivity

6.5 Fibre Channel Ports

6.6 Fibre Channel Architecture

6.7 Zoning

6.8 Fibre Channel Login Types

6.9 FC Topologies

6.10 Concepts in Practice: EMC Connectrix

Summary

Chapter 7: Network-Attached Storage

7.1 General-Purpose Servers vs. NAS Devices

7.2 Benefits of NAS

7.3 NAS File I/O

7.4 Components of NAS

7.5 NAS Implementations

7.6 NAS File-Sharing Protocols

7.7 NAS I/O Operations

7.8 Factors Affecting NAS Performance and Availability

7.9 Concepts in Practice: EMC Celerra

Summary

Chapter 8: IP SAN

8.1 iSCSI

8.2 FCIP

Summary

Chapter 9: Content-Addressed Storage

9.1 Fixed Content and Archives

9.2 Types of Archives

9.3 Features and Benefits of CAS

9.4 CAS Architecture

9.5 Object Storage and Retrieval in CAS

9.6 CAS Examples

9.7 Concepts in Practice: EMC Centera

Summary

Chapter 10: Storage Virtualization

10.1 Forms of Virtualization

10.2 SNIA Storage Virtualization Taxonomy

10.3 Storage Virtualization Configurations

10.4 Storage Virtualization Challenges

10.5 Types of Storage Virtualization

10.6 Concepts in Practice

Summary

Section III: Business Continuity

Chapter 11: Introduction to BusinessContinuity

11.1 Information Availability

11.2 BC Terminology

11.3 BC Planning Lifecycle

11.4 Failure Analysis

11.5 Business Impact Analysis

11.6 BC Technology Solutions

11.7 Concept in Practice: EMC PowerPath

Summary

Chapter 12: Backup and Recovery

12.1 Backup Purpose

12.2 Backup Considerations

12.3 Backup Granularity

12.4 Recovery Considerations

12.5 Backup Methods

12.6 Backup Process

12.7 Backup and Restore Operations

12.8 Backup Topologies

12.9 Backup in NAS Environments

12.10 Backup Technologies

12.11 Concepts in Practice: EMC NetWorker

Summary

Chapter 13: Local Replication

13.1 Source and Target

13.2 Uses of Local Replicas

13.3 Data Consistency

13.4 Local Replication Technologies

13.5 Restore and Restart Considerations

13.6 Creating Multiple Replicas

13.7 Management Interface

13.8 Concepts in Practice: EMC TimeFinder andEMC SnapView

Summary

Chapter 14: Remote Replication

14.1 Modes of Remote Replication

14.2 Remote Replication Technologies

14.3 Network Infrastructure

14.4 Concepts in Practice: EMC SRDF, EMC SAN Copy, and EMC MirrorView

Summary

Section IV: Storage Security and Management

Chapter 15: Securing the Storage Infrastructure

15.1 Storage Security Framework

15.2 Risk Triad

15.3 Storage Security Domains

15.4 Security Implementations in Storage Networking

Summary

Chapter 16: Managing the Storage Infrastructure

16.1 Monitoring the Storage Infrastructure

16.2 Storage Management Activities

16.3 Storage Infrastructure Management Challenges

16.4 Developing an Ideal Solution

16.5 Concepts in Practice: EMC ControlCenter

Summary

Appendix: Acronyms and Abbreviations

Glossary

Index

Information Storage and Management

Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2009 by EMC Corporation

Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-0-470-61833-2

Manufactured in the United States of America

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About the Editors

G Somasundaram (Somu) is a graduate from the Indian Institute of Technology in Mumbai, India, and has over 22 years of experience in the IT industry, the last 10 with EMC Corporation. Currently he is director, EMC Global Services, leading worldwide industry readiness initiatives. Somu is the architect of EMC’s open storage curriculum, aimed at addressing the storage knowledge “gap” that exists in the IT industry. Under his leadership and direction, industry readiness initiatives, such as the EMC Learning Partner and Academic Alliance programs, continue to experience significant growth and educate thousands of students worldwide on information storage and management technologies. Key areas of Somu’s responsibility include guiding a global team of professionals, identifying and partnering with global IT education providers, and setting the overall direction for EMC’s industry readiness initiatives. Prior to his current role, Somu held various managerial and leadership roles with EMC as well as other leading IT vendors.

Alok Shrivastava is senior director, EMC Global Services and has focused on education since 2003. Alok is the architect of several of EMC’s successful education initiatives including the industry leading EMC Proven Professional program, industry readiness programs such as EMC’s Academic Alliance, and most recently this unique and valuable book on information storage technology. Alok provides vision and leadership to a team of highly talented experts and professionals that develops world-class technical education for EMC’s employees, partners, customers, and other industry professionals. Prior to his success in education, Alok built and led a highly successful team of EMC presales engineers in Asia-Pacific and Japan. Earlier in his career, Alok was a systems manager, storage manager, and a backup/restore/disaster recovery consultant working with some of the world’s largest data centers and IT installations. He holds dual Masters degrees from the Indian Institute of Technology in Mumbai, India, and the University of Sagar in India. Alok has worked in information storage technology and has held a unique passion for this field for most of his 25-plus year career in IT.

Credits

Executive Editor

Carol Long

Senior Development Editor

Tom Dinse

Production Editor

Dassi Zeidel

Copy Editor

Luann Rouff

Editorial Manager

Mary Beth Wakefield

Production Manager

Tim Tate

Vice President and Executive Group Publisher

Richard Swadley

Vice President and Executive Publisher

Barry Pruett

Project Coordinator, Cover

Lynsey Stanford

Compositor

Jeffrey Lytle, Happenstance Type-O-Rama

Proofreader

Nancy Bell

Indexer

Robert Swanson

Cover Image

© 2008 Ron Chapple/Ron Chapple Stock/Photos To Go

Cover Designer

EMC Creative Development

Acknowledgments

When we embarked upon the project to develop this book, the very first challenge was to identify a team of subject matter experts covering the vast range of technologies that form the modern information storage infrastructure.

A key factor working in our favor is that at EMC, we have the technologies, the know-how, and many of the best talents in the industry. When we reached out to individual experts, they were as excited as we were about the prospect of publishing a comprehensive book on information storage technology. This was an opportunity to share their expertise with professionals and students worldwide.

This book is the result of efforts and contributions from a number of key EMC organizations led by EMC Education Services and supported by the office of CTO, Global Marketing, and EMC Engineering.

In addition to his own research and expertise, Ganesh Rajaratnam, from EMC Education Services, led the efforts with other subject matter experts to develop the first draft of the book. Dr. David Black, from the EMC CTO office, devoted many valuable hours to combing through the content and providing cogent advice on the key topics covered in this book.

We are very grateful to the following experts from EMC Education Services for developing the content for various sections and chapters of this book:

Rodrigo Alves

Charlie Brooks

Debasish Chakrabarty

Diana Davis

Amit Deshmukh

Michael Dulavitz

Ashish Garg

Dr. Vanchi Gurumoorthy

Simon Hawkshaw

Anbuselvi Jeyakumar

Sagar Kotekar Patil

Andre Rossouw

Tony Santamaria

Saravanaraj Sridharan

Ganesh Sundaresan

Jim Tracy

Anand Varkar

Dr. Viswanth VS

The following experts thoroughly reviewed the book at various stages and provided valuable feedback and guidance:

Ronen Artzi

Eric Baize

Greg Baltazar

Edward Bell

Christopher Chaulk

Roger Dupuis

Deborah Filer

Bala Ganeshan

Jason Gervickas

Nancy Gessler

Jody Goncalves

Jack Harwood

Arthur Johnson

Michelle Lavoie

Tom McGowan

Jeffery Moore

Toby Morral

Peter Popieniuck

Kevin Sheridan

Ed VanSickle

We also thank NIIT Limited for their help with the initial draft, Muthaiah Thiagarajan of EMC and DreaMarT Interactive Pvt. Ltd. for their support in creating all illustrations, and the publisher, John Wiley & Sons, for their timely support in bringing this book to the industry.

— G. Somasundaram

Director, Education Services, EMC Corporation

— Alok Shrivastava

Senior Director, Education Services, EMC Corporation

March 2009

Icons used in this book

Foreword

Ralph Waldo Emerson, the great American essayist, philosopher, and poet, once said that the invariable mark of wisdom is seeing the miraculous in the common. Today, common miracles surround us, and it is virtually impossible not to see them. Most of us have modern gadgetry such as digital cameras, video camcorders, cell phones, fast computers that can access millions of websites, instant messaging, social networking sites, search engines, music downloads … the list goes on. All of these examples have one thing in common: they generate huge volumes of data. Not only are we in an information age, we’re in an age where information is exploding into a digital universe that requires enhanced technology and a new generation of professionals who are able to manage, leverage, and optimize storage and information management solutions.

Just to give you an idea of the challenges we face today, in one year the amount of digital information created, captured, and replicated is millions of times the amount of information in all the books ever written. Information is the most important asset of a business. To realize the inherent power of information, it must be intelligently and efficiently stored, protected, and managed—so that it can be made accessible, searchable, shareable, and, ultimately, actionable.

We are currently in the perfect storm. Everything is increasing: the information, the costs, and the skilled professionals needed to store and manage it—professionals who are not available in sufficient numbers to meet the growing need. The IT manager’s number one concern is how to manage this storage growth. Enterprises simply cannot purchase bigger and better “boxes” to store their data. IT managers must not only worry about budgets for storage technology, but also be concerned with energy-efficient, footprint-reducing technology that is easy to install, manage, and use. Although many IT managers intend to hire more trained staff, they are facing a shortage of skilled, storage-educated professionals who can take control of managing and optimizing the data.

I was unable to find a comprehensive book in the marketplace that provided insight into the various technologies deployed to store and manage information. As an industry leader, we have the subject-matter expertise and practical experience to help fill this gap; and now this book can give you a behind-the-scenes view of the technologies used in information storage and management. You will learn where data goes, how it is managed, and how you can contribute to your company’s profitability.

If you’ve chosen storage and information infrastructure management as your career, you are a pioneer in a profession that is undergoing constant change, but one in which the challenges lead to great rewards.

Regardless of your current role in IT, this book should be a key part of your IT library and professional development.

Thomas P. Clancy

Vice President, Education Services, EMC Corporation

March 2009

Introduction

Information storage is a central pillar of information technology. A large quantity of digital information is being created every moment by individual and corporate consumers of IT. This information needs to be stored, protected, optimized, and managed.

Not long ago, information storage was seen as only a bunch of disks or tapes attached to the back of the computer to store data. Even today, only those in the storage industry understand the critical role that information storage technology plays in the availability, performance, integration, and optimization of the entire IT infrastructure. Over the last two decades, information storage has developed into a highly sophisticated technology, providing a variety of solutions for storing, managing, connecting, protecting, securing, sharing, and optimizing digital information.

With the exponential growth of information and the development of sophisticated products and solutions, there is also a growing need for information storage professionals. IT managers are challenged by the ongoing task of employing and developing highly skilled information storage professionals.

Many leading universities and colleges have started to include storage technology courses in their regular computer technology or information technology curriculum, yet many of today’s IT professionals, even those with years of experience, have not benefited from this formal education, therefore many seasoned professionals—including application, systems, database, and network administrators—do not share a common foundation about how storage technology affects their areas of expertise.

This book is designed and developed to enable professionals and students to achieve a comprehensive understanding of all segments of storage technology. While the product examples used in the book are from EMC Corporation, an understanding of the technology concepts and principles prepare the reader to easily understand products from various technology vendors.

This book has 16 chapters, organized in four sections. Advanced topics build upon the topics learned in previous chapters.

Part 1, “Information Storage and Management for Today’s World”: These four chapters cover information growth and challenges, define a storage system and its environment, review the evolution of storage technology, and introduce intelligent storage systems.

Part 2, “Storage Options and Protocols”: These six chapters cover the SCSI and Fibre channel architecture, direct-attached storage (DAS), storage area networks (SANs), network-attached storage (NAS), Internet Protocol SAN (IP-SAN), content-addressed storage (CAS), and storage virtualization.

Part 3, “Business Continuity and Replication”: These four chapters introduce business continuity, backup and recovery, local data replication, and remote data replication.

Part 4, “Security and Administration”: These two chapters cover storage security and storage infrastructure monitoring and management.

This book has a supplementary website that provides additional up-to-date learning aids and reading material. Visit http://education.EMC.com/ismbook for details.

EMC Academic Alliance

Universities and colleges interested in offering an information storage and management curriculum are invited to join the Academic Alliance program. This program provides comprehensive support to institutes, including teaching aids, faculty guides, student projects, and more. Please visit http://education.EMC.com/academicalliance.

EMC Proven Professional Certification

This book prepares students and professionals to take the EMC Proven Professional Information Storage and Management exam E20-001. EMC Proven Professional is the premier certification program that validates your knowledge and helps establish your credibility in the information technology industry. For more information on certification as well as to access practice exams, visit http://education.EMC.com.

Section I

Storage System

In This Section

Chapter 1: Introduction to Information Storage and Management

Chapter 2: Storage System Environment

Chapter 3: Data Protection: RAID

Chapter 4: Intelligent Storage Systems

Chapter 1

Introduction to Information Storage and Management

Key Concepts

Data and InformationStructured and Unstructured DataStorage Technology ArchitecturesCore Elements of a Data CenterInformation ManagementInformation Lifecycle Management

Information is increasingly important in our daily lives. We have become information dependents of the twenty-first century, living in an on-command, on-demand world that means we need information when and where it is required. We access the Internet every day to perform searches, participate in social networking, send and receive e-mails, share pictures and videos, and scores of other applications. Equipped with a growing number of content-generating devices, more information is being created by individuals than by businesses. Information created by individuals gains value when shared with others. When created, information resides locally on devices such as cell phones, cameras, and laptops. To share this information, it needs to be uploaded via networks to data centers. It is interesting to note that while the majority of information is created by individuals, it is stored and managed by a relatively small number of organizations. Figure 1-1 depicts this virtuous cycle of information.

The importance, dependency, and volume of information for the business world also continue to grow at astounding rates. Businesses depend on fast and reliable access to information critical to their success. Some of the business applications that process information include airline reservations, telephone billing systems, e-commerce, ATMs, product designs, inventory management, e-mail archives, Web portals, patient records, credit cards, life sciences, and global capital markets.

The increasing criticality of information to the businesses has amplified the challenges in protecting and managing the data. The volume of data that business must manage has driven strategies to classify data according to its value and create rules for the treatment of this data over its lifecycle. These strategies not only provide financial and regulatory benefits at the business level, but also manageability benefits at operational levels to the organization.

Data centers now view information storage as one of their core elements, along with applications, databases, operating systems, and networks. Storage technology continues to evolve with technical advancements offering increasingly higher levels of availability, security, scalability, performance, integrity, capacity, and manageability.

Figure 1-1: Virtuous cycle of information

This chapter describes the evolution of information storage architecture from simple direct-attached models to complex networked topologies. It introduces the information lifecycle management (ILM) strategy, which aligns the information technology (IT) infrastructure with business priorities.

1.1 Information Storage

Businesses use data to derive information that is critical to their day-to-day operations. Storage is a repository that enables users to store and retrieve this digital data.

1.1.1 Data

Data is a collection of raw facts from which conclusions may be drawn. Handwritten letters, a printed book, a family photograph, a movie on video tape, printed and duly signed copies of mortgage papers, a bank’s ledgers, and an account holder’s passbooks are all examples of data.