Intelligent Stimuli-Responsive Materials E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 833

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

There has been concerted effort across scientific disciplines to develop artificial materials and systems that can help researchers understand natural stimuli-responsive activities. With its up-to-date coverage on intelligent stimuli-responsive materials, Intelligent Stimuli-Responsive Materials provides research, industry, and academia professionals with the fundamentals and principles of intelligent stimuli-responsive materials, with a focus on methods and applications. Emphasizing nanostructures and applications for a broad range of fields, each chapter comprehensively covers a different stimuli-responsive material and discusses its developments, advances, challenges, analytical techniques, and applications.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Contributors

Chapter 1: Nature-Inspired Stimuli-Responsive Self-Folding Materials

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 DESIGN OF SELF-FOLDING FILMS

1.3 MECHANISM OF FOLDING

1.4 FABRICATION OF SELF-FOLDING FILMS

1.5 STIMULI-RESPONSIVE PROPERTIES OF SELF-FOLDING FILMS

1.6 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SELF-FOLDING FILMS

1.7 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

REFERENCES

Chapter 2: Stimuli-Responsive Nanostructures from Self-Assembly of Rigid–Flexible Block Molecules

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 THERMAL-RESPONSIVE NANOSTRUCTURES

2.3 GUEST MOLECULE-RESPONSIVE NANOSTRUCTURE

2.4 OTHER STIMULI-RESPONSIVE NANOSTRUCTURES

2.5 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 3: Stimuli-Directed Alignment Control of Semiconducting Discotic Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 ALIGNMENT OF DISCOTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

3.3 ALIGNMENT OF DISCOTIC NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL PHASE

3.4 ALIGNMENT CONTROL OF COLUMNAR PHASE WITH DIFFERENT STIMULI

3.5 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 4: Anion-Driven Supramolecular Self-Assembled Materials

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 ANION-DRIVEN FORMATION OF SUPRAMOLECULAR GELS

4.3 SUPRAMOLECULAR GELS BASED ON PLANAR-CHARGED SPECIES

4.4 MESOPHASES COMPRISING PLANAR-CHARGED SPECIES

4.5 SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Chapter 5: Photoresponsive Cholesteric Liquid Crystals

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 PHOTORESPONSIVE CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS (CLCS)

5.3 LIGHT-INDUCED PHASE TRANSITIONS INVOLVING CHOLESTERIC PHASE

5.4 LIGHT-INDUCED HANDEDNESS INVERSION IN CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

5.5 DYNAMIC COLOR CHANGE IN PHOTORESPONSIVE CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

5.6 LIGHT-INDUCED MECHANICAL MOTIONS IN CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

5.7 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 6: Electric- and Light-Responsive Bent-Core Liquid Crystals: from Molecular Architecture and Supramolecular Nanostructures to Applications

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 FUNDAMENTALS

6.3 STIMULI-RESPONSIVE BENT-CORE LCS

6.4 APPLICATIONS

6.5 SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 7: Photomechanical Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Motion in Response to Light

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 PHOTORESPONSIVE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS

7.3 CROSSLINKED PLCP FILMS

7.4 MICRO-OBJECTS BASED ON CROSSLINKED PLCP

7.5 LAMINATED FILMS OF CROSSLINKED PLCPS

7.6 NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS OF CROSSLINKED PLCPS

7.7 NON-CROSSLINKED PLCP FILMS

7.8 OUTLOOK

REFERENCES

Chapter 8: Responsive Nanoporous Silica Colloidal Films and Membranes

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 SILICA COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL SURFACE MODIFIED WITH CHARGEABLE ORGANIC MOLECULES

8.3 POLYMER-MODIFIED SILICA COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS

8.4 SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Chapter 9: Stimuli-Responsive Smart Organic Hybrid Metal Nanoparticles

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 MATERIALS

9.3 SYSTEMS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES WITH SMART ORGANIC MATERIALS

9.4 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 10: Biologically Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 BIOLOGICALLY STIMULI-RESPONSIVE HYDROGELS BASED ON CHANGES IN PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

10.3 BIOLOGICALLY STIMULI-RESPONSIVE HYDROGELS USING STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN NETWORKS

10.4 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 11: Biomimetic Self-Oscillating Polymer Gels

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 DESIGN OF BIOMIMETIC ACTUATOR

11.3 DESIGN OF AUTONOMOUS MASS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

11.4 SELF-OSCILLATING POLYMER SOLUTION AND MICROGEL DISPERSION AS FUNCTIONAL FLUID

11.5 OTHER ATTEMPTS OF SELF-OSCILLATION TOWARD APPLICATIONS

11.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

Chapter 12: Stimuli-Responsive Surfaces in Biomedical Applications

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 CHEMICALLY OR BIOCHEMICALLY CONTROLLED SWITCHABLE SURFACES

12.3 TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED SWITCHABLE SURFACES

12.4 ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED SWITCHABLE BIOLOGICAL SURFACES

12.5 PHOTO-CONTROLLED SWITCHABLE SURFACES

12.6 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 13: Stimuli-Responsive Conjugated Polymers: from Electronic Noses to Artificial Muscles

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 CONJUGATED POLYMERS FOR GAS SENSING

13.3 ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES

13.4 FROM BIOIMAGING TO NEURAL PROBES

13.5 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

REFERENCES

Index

Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Intelligent stimuli-responsive materials : from well-defined nanostructures to applications / edited by Quan Li, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent, OH.   pages cm  Includes bibliographical references and index.  ISBN 978-1-118-45200-4 (cloth) 1. Smart materials. I. Li, Quan, 1965–  TA418.9.S62I556 2013  620.1′1--dc23 2013011109

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN: 9781118452004

PREFACE

Nature around us is vibrant and colorful. We are able to enjoy and admire its beauty because we can see and distinguish the objects around us by the differences in color and contrast. Behind our ability to see objects, there operates a natural process known as photoisomerization of the retinal, thereby enabling vision. However, this is just one example of Mother Nature's numerous reversible stimuli-responsive activities that accomplish the desired tasks smoothly and elegantly. Inspired by such elegant and efficient activities of nature, the scientific community has embarked to develop artificial materials and systems to mimic and understand the natural stimuli-responsive activities, and eventually use them for the benefit of human beings. Furthermore, the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology has provided a strong impetus for the development of smart stimuli-responsive materials that can be designed from a wide range of functional molecular or macromolecular building blocks. The functionalities and macroscopic properties of these materials embrace many disciplines, including nanotechnology, materials science, polymer science, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, engineering, etc. Stimuli-responsive materials have been designed such that the changes of the individual subunits are additive, and thus produce a measurable coherent response to an external stimulus such as light, heat, pH, metal ion, solvent polarity, electric field, magnetic field, redox, and chemical reaction. Over the years, several strategies have been developed in order to achieve such characteristics. The combination of the bottom-up approach in molecular design and external and internal triggering shows great promise for the development of intelligent materials. Practical stimuli-responsive materials must meet a combination of attributes which would lead to high response efficiency, material processability and long-term stability. Thus, the focus of this book will be on the basic design principles of intelligent stimuli-responsive materials, their performance, and the major challenges still to be accomplished in order to achieve materials with appropriate characteristics for industrial applications. Furthermore, the possibilities of programmed and controlled variations in the properties and characteristics leading to their practical applications will be emphasized.

This book does not intend to exhaustively cover the field of stimuli-responsive materials as it is extremely difficult to do so within a single book. Instead, the book focuses on the recent developments of the most fascinating theme about intelligent stimuli-responsive materials: from well-defined nanostructures to applications. The chapters span the following topics: nature-inspired stimuli-responsive self-folding materials (Chapter 1), stimuli-responsive nanostructures (Chapter 2), stimuli-directed alignment control of semiconducting discotic liquid crystalline nanostructures (Chapter 3), anion-driven supramolecular self-assembled materials (Chapter 4), photoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystals (Chapter 5), electric- and light-responsive bent-core liquid crystals: from molecular architecture and supramolecular nanostructures to applications (Chapter 6), photomechanical liquid crystalline polymers: motion in response to light (Chapter 7), responsive nanoporous silica colloidal films and membranes (Chapter 8), stimuli-responsive smart organic hybrid metal nanoparticles (Chapter 9), biologically stimuli-responsive hydrogels (Chapter 10), biomimetic self-oscillating polymer gels (Chapter 11), stimuli-responsive surfaces in biomedical applications (Chapter 12), and stimuli-responsive conjugated polymers: from electronic noses to artificial muscles (Chapter 13). In each chapter, the state of the art, along with future potentials in the respective fields, is discussed and highlighted by the leading experts.

I hope the reader will find this book professionally valuable and intellectually stimulating in the rapidly emerging area of stimuli-responsive materials. It has been organized to be accessible to undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in both academia and industry in the fields of organic chemistry, polymer science, liquid crystals, materials science, materials engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, photonics, optoelectronics, nanotechnology, medicine, and renewable energy. For young scientists, this book would provide a flavor of the diverse opportunities in this exciting area. For the scientific community, it is anticipated to serve as a ready reference and act as a catalyst to spark creative ideas.

Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to Jonathan Rose at Wiley for inviting us to bring this exciting field of research to a wider audience, and to all our distinguished contributors for their dedicated efforts. Also I am indebted to my wife Changshu, my sons Daniel and Songqiao for their great support and encouragement.

QUAN LI

CONTRIBUTORS

Jordan Anderson, NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA

Hari Krishna Bisoyi, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Ohio, USA

Leonid Ionov, Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Akifumi Kawamura, Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan

Amir Khabibullin, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Utah, USA

Taehoon Kim, Center for Supramolecular Nano-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Yongju Kim, Center for Supramolecular Nano-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Myongsoo Lee, Center for Supramolecular Nano-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

Quan Li, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Ohio, USA

Yannian Li, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Ohio, USA

Hiromitsu Maeda, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan

Astha Malhotra, NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA

Matthew McInnis, NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA

Paula M. Mendes, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Takashi Miyata, Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan

Alice Pranzetti, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Jon A. Preece, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Chenming Xue, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Ohio, USA

Ryo Yoshida, Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Haifeng Yu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China

Lei Zhai, NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA

Yongqiang Zhang, Micron Technology, Inc., Colorado, USA

Ilya Zharov, Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Utah, USA

2

STIMULI-RESPONSIVE NANOSTRUCTURES FROM SELF-ASSEMBLY OF RIGID–FLEXIBLE BLOCK MOLECULES

YONGJU KIM, TAEHOON KIM, AND MYONGSOO LEE

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules at aqueous solution has a great advantage to the creation of desired materials in terms of biological applications and eco-friendly processability [1–3]. Examples of molecular building blocks for aqueous assembly have included block copolymers, surfactants, peptide derivatives, and lipid molecules [4–6]. These molecules can self-assemble into diverse supramolecular architectures, such as spherical or cylindrical micelles, vesicles, ribbons, and tubules, depending on the external environments, molecular structures and shapes, and relative volume fraction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Besides the formation of interesting structures at nanoscale dimensions, the molecular assembly of the amphiphilic molecules through weak non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic effect is ideally suitable for the construction of the stimuli-responsive materials, because the dynamic and reversible conformational changes can be triggered by external stimuli such as temperature, light, pH, and redox potential [7–9]. Normally, this change can be fully reversible once the stimulus has been removed. Numerous possible applications in the fields of environmental sciences, biomedical sciences, and nanodevices have been based on the stimuli-responsive nanostructures [10–12].