International Neurology E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
This unique textbook deals with the variations in the causes, presentations and treatment of neurological disease throughout human populations. International Neurology is an indispensable guide to the full range of neurological conditions you will see in your ever-changing patient population.
- Comprehensive coverage of neurological diseases and disorders with a clinical approach to diagnosis, treatment and management
- Truly international authorship distils expert knowledge from around the world
- Succinct, bite-sized, templated chapters allow for rapid clinical referral
- Further reading recommendations for each chapter guide readers requiring more depth of information
- Endorsed by the World Federation of Neurology
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Seitenzahl: 2855
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Dedication
To my many teachers and mentors over the years, most especially Lewis Rowland, Robert Fishman, Sidney Carter, Donald Silberberg, Donald Schotland, and Arthur Asbury in neurology, Burton Zweiman in immunology and clinical immunology, Marian Kies in neuroscience, neurochemistry and glial biology, and Elvin Kabat in immunology. To my collaborators, colleagues, students, residents, fellows, and patients over the years. And finally and most importantly to my family, including my late parents Irving and Sylvia Lisak, my sister Nancy Lisak Sager, my wife Deena, my children Ilene and Michael, and my grandchildren Samuel, Isabella, Vivienne, and Sophie.
RPL
To my mother Cam Tran, my wife Diane Truong, and my friend Marcia Manker for whose support I am indebted, to my associates Thong Nguyen, Mayank Pathak, Karen Frei, Anumantha Kanthasamy, Rae Matsumoto, KK Tai, Phuong Pham, Steven Jenkins, Dave Brown and Christina Nguyen whose loyalty I cherish, and to Emily Gelskey, Suzanne Mellor, Gianni Pezzoli, Khalid Sheikh, Erik Wolters and Rick Warren from whose wisdom I learn.
DDT
To my wife Kathryn and our daughters Gemma, Bonita, and Laura, I thank you for your support, encouragement, and forbearance, and I thank all who have contributed so unstintingly to make this textbook truly unique.
WMC
To my beloved grandmother Pranom Chivakiat, my parents Mitr and Nisaratana Bhidayasiri, my family, Nucharee Yoovidhya and Bhiradej Yoovidhya Bhidayasiri, for their continuing support, love, and understanding, all my teachers of neurology, and lastly my patients who have taught me much about neurology.
RB
International Neurology
Second edition
Edited by
Robert P. Lisak MD FAAN FRCP(E) FANA
Parker Webber Chair in Neurology Professor of Neurology Professor of Immunology and Microbiology Wayne State University School of Medicine Attending Neurologist, Detroit Medical Center Detroit, MI, USA
Daniel D. Truong MD FAAN
Clinical Professor, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA The Truong Neuroscience Institute Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center Fountain Valley, CA, USA
William M. Carroll MBBS MD FRACP FRCP(E)
Clinical Professor of Neurology, Western Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia Australia
Roongroj Bhidayasiri MD FRCP FRCPI
Professor of Neurology and Director Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Hospital Bangkok, Thailand
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
Foreword by John Walton (Lord Walton of Detchant)
This edition first published 2016 © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Lisak, Robert P., editor. | Truong, Daniel, editor. | Carroll, William M., editor. | Bhidayasiri, Roongroj, editor. Title: International neurology / edited by Robert P. Lisak, Daniel D. Truong, William M. Carroll, Roongroj Bhidayasiri ; foreword by John Walton (Lord Walton Of Detchant). Description: Second edition. | Chichester, West Sussex ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015046045 (print) | LCCN 2015048295 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118777367 (cloth) | ISBN 9781118777350 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118777343 (epub) Subjects: | MESH: Nervous System Diseases | Neurology—methods Classification: LCC RC346 (print) | LCC RC346 (ebook) | NLM WL 140 | DDC 616.8—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015046045
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Contents
Editors
List of contributors
Foreword
Endorsement from the World Federation of Neurology
Preface
PART 1 Vascular Disorders
1 Overview of stroke
2 Ischemic stroke and transient events, TIA
History
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Conclusions
Further reading
3 Atherothrombotic disease
Site of atheroslerosis
Mechanisms of stroke and clinical manifestations
Investigations
Management of large vessel atherosclerosis
Further reading
4 Occlusive disease of small penetrating arteries
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
5 Ischemic white matter disease (Binswanger’s disease)
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
6 Brain embolism
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
7 Systemic hypotensive injury (border-zone infarction)
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigation
Treatment
Further reading
8 Dissection of the cervicocerebral arteries
Introduction and epidemiology
Etiology and pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
9 Coagulation and Hematological Disorders in Stroke
Hyperviscosity disorders
Prothrombotic disorders
Homocysteinemia
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Platelet dysfunction disorders
Other coagulopathies
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
10 Hemorrhagic strokes
Primary intracerebral hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Further reading
11 Strokes in children and young adults
Etiology and epidemiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
12 Other cerebrovascular syndromes
Stroke and migraine
Stroke and substance abuse
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and related conditions
Hypertensive encephalopathy posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and reversible cerebral vasoconstrictive syndrome (RCVS)
Periprocedural, postoperative, and in-hospital stroke
Rare stroke syndromes
Conclusion
Further reading
13 Cerebral venous disease
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
14 Spinal cord strokes
Spinal cord vascular supply
Spinal cord ischemia and infarction
Causes of spinal cord ischemia
Spinal vascular malformations
Investigations and management
Further reading
PART 2 Disorders of Cerebrovascular Autonomic Control
15 Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
16 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Prognosis
Conclusion
Further reading
PART 3 The Vasculitides
17 Extracranial and intracranial granulomatous arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic approaches to GCA
Treatment
Prognosis
Further reading
18 Intracranial granulomatous arteritis (primary angiitis of the CNS)/idiopathic CNS vasculitis
Introduction and nomenclature
Clinical course and diagnosis
Treatment
Future developments
Further Reading
19 Takayasu’s arteritis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
20 Polyarteritis nodosa, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and overlap vasculitis syndrome
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)
Overlap vasculitis
Further reading
21 Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
Epidemiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
22 Cerebrovascular disease associated with antiphospholipid antibodies
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
23 Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
24 Susac syndrome
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
PART 4 Inflammatory Vasculopathies
25 SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren’s syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sjögren’s syndrome
Further reading
26 Systemic sclerosis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
27 Mixed connective tissue disease
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
28 Behcet’s syndrome and nervous system involvement
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations for NBS
Differential diagnosis
Treatment of NBS
Prognosis
Further reading
29 Sarcoidosis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
30 Autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal cell surface antibodies
Antibodies and ancillary tests
Clinical spectrum
Differential diagnoses
Treatment
Further reading
PART 5 Paroxysmal Disorders
31 Epilepsy overview
Classification
Epidemiology
Age and seizure types
Mortality
Pathophysiology
Risks and etiology
Investigations
Differential diagnosis
Treatment/management
Special populations
Conclusions
Further reading
32 Structural, genetic and unknown generalized epilepsies and syndromes
Ohtahara syndrome (EIEE)
Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) or Dravet syndrome
West syndrome (WS)
Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS)
Epilepsy with myoclonic absences (EMA)
Inflammatory epilepsies
Further reading
33 Genetic (primary) idiopathic generalized epilepsies
Advances in the classification of epilepsy
Advances in molecular genetics
Febrile seizure (FS)
Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI)
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE)
Juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE)
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)
Novel progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME)
De novo
mutations
Advances in technologies
Further reading
34 Localization-related epilepsies
Idiopathic LRE
Monogenic focal epilepsies
Further reading
35 Neurodiagnostic tools for the paroxysmal disorders
Electrophysiology
Neuroimaging
Functional imaging
MRS
Other techniques
Conclusion
Further reading
36 Neuropharmacology of antiepileptic drugs
History of antiepileptic drugs
Mechanisms of action for antiepileptic drugs
Rationale for antiepileptic drug selection: Choice of initial drug
Other conditions treated with antiepileptic drugs
Failure of initial treatment: Rationale for replacement of initial drug or combination AED therapy
AEDs in the treatment of status epilepticus
Complications of antiepileptic drug therapy
Elective discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs
Herbal treatments as AEDs
Further reading
37 Surgical treatment of epilepsy
Investigations and indications for epilepsy surgery
Semi-invasive and invasive video EEG
Operations
Acknowledgments
Further reading
PART 6 Dementia
38 Dementia overview
Acknowledgment
39 Mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Mild cognitive impairment
Alzheimer’s disease
Use of biomarkers for MCI and AD
Treatment
Further reading
40 Parkinson’s Disease Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Other Synucleinopathies
Parkinson’s disease dementia
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Multiple system atrophy
Further reading
41 Specific vascular syndromes
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Hereditary small vessel syndromes
Poststroke dementia
Further reading
42 Vascular cognitive impairment
Epidemiology
Neuropathology and pathophysiology of VCI
Clinical features
Clinical evaluation
Treatment
Conclusions
Further reading
43 Frontotemporal dementia
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Genetics
Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Primary progressive aphasia
Cross-cultural issues
Treatment
Acknowledgment
Further reading
44 Progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, and other tauopathies
Pathophysiology
Progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome
Corticobasal syndrome
Other tauopathies (FTLD-tau)
Future directions
Further reading
45 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other TDP-43 proteinopathies
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Frontotemporal dementias
Conclusion
Further reading
46 Metabolic, toxic, infectious, inflammatory, and other dementias
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Toxic and metabolic disorders
Infectious causes
Genetic causes
Autoimmune disorders
Conclusion
Further reading
PART 7 Movement Disorders
47 Movement disorders: An overview
Diagnostic recommendations
Further reading
48 Tremor
Clinical features
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
49 Parkinsonism
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Corticobasal syndrome
Multiple system atrophy
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Frontotemporal dementia
Vascular parkinsonism
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam
Drug-induced parkinsonism
Toxin-induced parkinsonism
Infectious and postinfectious parkinsonism
Further reading
50 Parkinson’s disease
Neuropathology
Clinical presentation
Imaging
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
51 Dystonia
Epidemiology
Pathobiology
Classification
Clinical features
Adult-onset focal dystonias
Oppenheim dystonia
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD)
Acquired and heredodegenerative dystonias
Treatment
Further reading
52 Chorea and related disorders
Classification
Hereditary causes
Parainfectious and autoimmune causes
Drug-related causes
Vascular causes
Metabolic causes
Infectious causes
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
53 Myoclonus
Classification
Features of major myoclonic disorders
Evaluation
Treatment
Further reading
54 Tics and Tourette syndrome
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
55 Ataxia
Clinical features
Pathophysiology
Cerebellar ataxic disorders
Diagnosis
Management
Further reading
56 Drug-induced movement disorders
Acute syndromes
Subacute syndromes
Chronic or tardive syndromes
Further reading
57 Paroxysmal movement disorders
Historical aspects
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations/diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
PART 8 Infectious Diseases
58 Acute bacterial meningitis
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Pathology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Prevention
Prognosis
Complications
Further reading
59 Brain abscess
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
60 Subdural empyema
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
61 Epidural abscess
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
62 Septic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Infection-related/septic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Anatomy and pathophysiology
Microbial etiology
Thrombophilia and septic CVT
Clinical presentation
Differential diagnosis
Radiological findings
Other investigations
Management
Outcome and prognosis
Further reading
63 Encephalitis due to bacterial infections
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Listeria monocytogenes
Whipple’s disease
Cat-scratch disease
Brucellosis
Legionnaires’ disease
Recommendations
Further reading
64 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and avium
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Mycobacterium avium
Further reading
65 Leprosy
Bacteriology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Immunity
Clinical features
Leprosy reactions
Diagnosis
Other investigations
Differential diagnosis
Antileprotic treatment
Treatment of leprosy reactions
Further reading
66 Neurosyphilis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
67 Lyme disease
Epidemiology
Demographics
Tick vector
Organism
Clinical expression
Extraneural manifestations
Neurological Lyme disease
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Tick co-pathogens
Pathogenesis
Chronic Lyme disease/post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome
Further reading
68 Introduction to protozoans of the central nervous system
69 Amoebic disease of the central nervous system
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
70 Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
71 Cerebral malaria
Epidemiology
Pathology
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis of coma
Cerebral malaria caused by P.
vivax
Clinical features
Post-malaria neurological syndromes (PMNS)
Poor prognostic factors
Diagnosis
Treatment
Further reading
72 Trypanosomiasis
American trypanosomiasis
Human African trypanosomiasis
Further reading
73 Cestodes
Neurocysticercosis
Echinococcosis
Further reading
74 Trematodes: Schistosomiasis
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
75 Nematodes
Trichinosis
Gnathostomiasis
Angiostrongyliasis
Further reading
76 Fungal infections of the central nervous system
Candidiasis
Aspergillosis
Cryptococcosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Mucormycosis (zygomycosis)
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Fungal infections associated with contaminated steroid injections
Further reading
77 Rickettsial disease
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
PART 9 Prion Diseases and Neurovirology
78 Prion diseases
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Preventive measures
Further reading
79 Acute, recurrent and chronic viral meningitis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Differential diagnosis
Investigations
Treatment
Recovery and prognosis
Further reading
80 Acute viral encephalitis
Overview of acute encephalitis
Specific viral encephalitides: Rabies
Japanese encephalitis
West Nile encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
St. Louis encephalitis
LaCrosse encephalitis
Alphaviruses
Other encephalitides
Further reading
81 Neurological complications of human herpesvirus infections
Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) encephalitis
HSV-2 infection
Varicella zoster virus
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein–Barr virus
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) encephalitis
Acknowledgments
Further reading
82 Chronic viral diseases of the central nervous system
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Prognosis and treatment
Other viruses that cause chronic progressive panencephalitis
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Further reading
83 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Prevention (risk-mitigation strategies)
Further reading
84 Biology of HIV and overview of AIDS
History and overview
Viral molecular epidemiology
Viral structure
Pathogenesis
Course of infection and clinical features
Viral dynamics
Treatment and management
Conclusion
Further reading
85 HIV encephalitis and myelopathy
HIV-associated cognitive impairment
HIV-associated myelopathies
Further reading
86 Neuromuscular complications of HIV
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Myopathies
Neuropathies
Conclusion
Further reading
87 Opportunistic infections in HIV-positive subjects and AIDS patients
Opportunistic infections: Diffuse complications
Opportunistic infections: Focal complications
HIV-associated lymphoma
Further reading
88 Neurological complications of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 infection
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Further reading
PART 10 Demyelinating Disorders
89 Multiple sclerosis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
90 Multiple sclerosis in children
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
91 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Current status
Pathology and pathophysiology
Clinical, imaging, and laboratory features
Serological testing
Diagnosis
Treatment
Further reading
92 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Clinical features
Laboratory findings in ADEM
MRI features of ADEM
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Pathobiology
Further reading
93 Isolated inflammatory demyelinating syndromes
Features common to all isolated inflammatory demyelinating syndromes
The clinical syndromes
Further reading
94 Osmotic demyelination syndromes
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
95 Concentric sclerosis (Baló’s disease)
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
PART 11 Specific toxicities and deficiencies
96 Neurotoxicology
Heavy metal intoxication
Organic solvents or compounds
Gases
Pesticides
Defoliant toxins
Animal toxins
Plant toxins
Bacterial toxins
Illicit drugs
Specific drugs
Hypervitaminosis
Regional-specific toxins
Conclusions
Further reading
97 Alcohol-related neurological disorders
Pharmacological aspects
Acute alcohol intoxication
Alcohol withdrawal
Alcohol-related dementia
Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
Marchiafava–Bignami disease
Alcoholic amblyopia
Alcoholic myopathy
Alcoholic polyneuropathy
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Further reading
98 Vitamin deficiencies
Group B vitamins
Vitamin B deficiency syndromes
Other vitamins
Other vitamin deficiencies
Conclusion
Further reading
99 Starvation, Strachan’s syndrome, and postgastroplasty syndrome
Starvation
Strachan’s syndrome
Postgastroplasty syndrome
Further reading
PART 12 Peripheral Neuropathies
100 Peripheral neuropathies overview
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology and clinical features
Treatment
Further reading
101 Hereditary neuropathies
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy
Distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Other hereditary neuropathies
Treatment
Further reading
102 Acquired neuropathies
Immune-mediated neuropathies
Multifocal motor neuropathy
Metabolic neuropathies
Infectious neuropathies
Neuropathy from nutritional causes and alcoholism
Further reading
103 Plexopathies and mononeuropathies
Plexopathies
Mononeuropathies (entrapment neuropathies)
Further reading
PART 13 Neuromuscular Disorders
104 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
105 Progressive muscular atrophy
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Further reading
106 Primary lateral sclerosis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
107 Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
108 Spinal muscular atrophy
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Future prospects
Further reading
109 Post polio syndrome
Epidemiology
Disease mechanisms
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
110 Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
111 Dystrophinopathies
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
112 Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
113 Myotonic dystrophies
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
114 Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
115 Emery–Dreifuss syndrome and laminopathies
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
116 Muscle channelopathies
Non-dystropic myotonias
Periodic paralyses
Conclusion
Further reading
117 Congenital dystrophies and myopathies
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
118 Congenital myasthenic syndromes
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
119 Distal myopathies
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical, pathological, and genetic features
Investigations
Treatment
Conclusions
Further reading
120 Polymyositis
Clinical manifestations
Association conditions
Immunopathogenesis
Differential diagnosis
Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Further reading
121 Dermatomyositis
Clinical manifestations
Imunopathogenesis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis and complications
Further reading
122 Inclusion body myositis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment and management
Conclusions
Further reading
123 Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Treatment and management
Further reading
124 Toxic myopathies
Alcohol-associated myopathy
Statin myopathy
Corticosteroid myopathy
Critical illness myopathy and malignant hyperthermia
Further reading
125 Critical illness neuromuscular disorders
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment and management
Further reading
126 Exercise intolerance and myoglobinuria
Testing of exercise intolerance
Myoglobinuria
Further reading
127 Muscle cramps
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Acknowledgments
Further reading
128 Myasthenia gravis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Investigations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Further reading
129 Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
130 Neuromuscular transmission disorders caused by toxins and drugs
Botulism
Organophosphate intoxication
Medication-induced neuromuscular junction disorders
Conclusion
Further reading
PART 14 Neurogenetics
131 Genetics in neurology
Basic definitions
Mendelian genetics
Other genetic forms of inheritance
Neurocutaneous disorders
Other genetic disorders
Treatment for genetic disorders
Further reading
PART 15 Neuro-otology
132 Neuro-otology
Epidemiology
International considerations in patients with neuro-otological disorders
Pathophysiology
Clinical approach to patients with dizziness
Common presentations of dizziness
Management of the patient with dizziness
Investigations
Common presentations of hearing loss
Common presentations of tinnitus
Conclusion
Further reading
PART 16 Neuro-ophthalmology
133 Neuro-ophthalmology
Clinical approach to visual loss
Clinical approach to double vision
Clinical approach to pupillary abnormalities
Further reading
PART 17 Neuro-oncology
134 Neuro-oncology overview
135 High-grade astrocytomas
Epidemiology
Genetics
Clinical features
Investigations
Prognostic factors
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
136 Low-grade astrocytomas
Epidemiology and clinical features
Pathophysiology and molecular biology
Investigations
Prognosis
Treatment and management of astrocytomas
Further reading
137 Low-grade and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Radiographic features
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
138 Brainstem glioma
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Adults
Emerging therapies
Further reading
139 Intracranial ependymoma
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
140 Nerve sheath tumors
Epidemiology and pathophysiology
Clinical features and investigations
Treatment
Further reading
141Meningiomas
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Investigations
Treatment
Outcomes
Further reading
142 Adult medulloblastoma
Epidemiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
143 Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
144 Brain metastases
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Prognosis
Investigations
Treatment
Management in common solid tumors
Conclusion
Further reading
145 Leptomeningeal metastases
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Prognosis
Treatment and management
Conclusion
Further reading
146 Spinal epidural metastases
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Further reading
147 General approach to the diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic neurological disorders
Diagnosis
Treatment
Specific syndromes
Further reading
PART 18 Sleep Disorders
148 Insomnia
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
149 Narcolepsy
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
150 Idiopathic hypersomnia
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Differential diagnosis
Diagnostic assessment
Treatment
Further reading
151 Obstructive sleep apnea
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Risk factors
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
152 Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorders
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
153 Circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Further reading
154 Arousal disorders
Epidemiology and risk factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical features and differential diagnoses
Investigations
Treatment
Clinical course
Conclusion
Further reading
155 REM sleep behavior disorder
Epidemiology and risk factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical features and differential diagnoses
Investigations
Treatment
Clinical course
Conclusion
Further reading
156 Paroxysmal nocturnal dystonia
Clinical features
Genetics
Differential diagnosis
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
157 Sleep abnormalities in neurological disorders
Sleep-disordered breathing
Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder
Parasomnias
Pathological hypersomnias
Further reading
PART 19 Spinal Cord Disorders
158 Spinal cord disorders
Cervical disc disease
Lumbar disc disease
Natural course of disc herniation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cervical spondylosis
Lumbar spinal stenosis
Paget’s disease
Fibrous dysplasia
Other compressive disorders
Investigation
Further reading
159 Ischemic and congestive myelopathies
Acute ischemic myelopathy
Congestive myelopathy
Further reading
160 Syringomyelia
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
PART 20 Pediatric Neurology
161 Neonatal neurology
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Infection
Inborn errors of metabolism
Seizures
Neurotoxin exposure
Further reading
162 Neurodevelopmental disorders
Developmental delay and intellectual disability
Selected genetic neurodevelopmental disorders
Conclusion
Further reading
163 Floppy infant syndrome
Clinical features and evaluation
Laboratory investigations
Approach for genetic diagnosis
Special considerations for cost-effective genetic analysis
Therapeutic approach
Conclusion
Further reading
164 Storage disorders
Lipidoses
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Glycogenoses
Leukodystrophies
Other lipidoses
Further reading
165 Fatty acid oxidation disorders
Physiology
Epidemiology and genetics
Clinical features and pathophysiology
Investigations
Treatment and management
Prenatal diagnosis
Conclusion
Further reading
166 Disorders of amino acid, organic acid, and ammonia metabolism
Neonatal disorders
Progressive diseases of infancy and childhood
Further reading
167 Pediatric neurotransmitter diseases
Pathophysiology
Monoamine neurotransmitter disorders
GABA neurotransmitter disorders
Conclusion
Further reading
168 Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies
Mitochondrial genetics
Genetic and functional classification
Epidemiology
Neurological manifestations
Diagnosis
Therapy
Conclusion
Further reading
169 Disorders resulting from transporter defects
Disorders of copper transporters
Manganese transporter deficiency
Further reading
170 The porphyrias
Pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction
Epidemiology
Clinical features
Differential diagnosis
Porphyric attacks caused by antiepileptic medications
Treatment
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Further reading
PART 21 Central Nervous System Trauma, Pain, and Headache
171 Traumatic brain injury
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
172 Spinal injury
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Further reading
173 Whiplash injury
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Investigations
Treatment
Conclusion
Further reading
174 Decompression sickness
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Treatment
Further reading
175 Pain
Classification of pain
Pathophysiology of pain
Visceral pain
Neuralgias and neuropathic pain syndromes
Entrapment neuropathies
Complex regional pain syndromes
Central pain syndromes
Pain due to systemic disorders
Approach to the patient with pain
Treatment
Further reading
176 Headache
Migraine headache
Tension-type headache
Cluster headache
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Low-pressure headache
Other headache syndromes
Further reading
177 Facial and neck pain
Facial pain
Neck pain and headache
Further reading
178 Chronic fatigue syndrome
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Further reading
179 Fibromyalgia
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Clinical features
Differential diagnosis
Management
Further reading
Index
EULA
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Chapter 4
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Chapter 6
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Chapter 13
Table 13.1
Chapter 14
Table 14.1
Chapter 15
Table 15.1
Chapter 16
Table 16.1
Chapter 18
Table 18.1
Chapter 19
Table 19.1
Chapter 20
Table 20.1
Chapter 25
Table 25.1
Table 25.2
Table 25.3
Chapter 26
Table 26.1
Chapter 28
Table 28.1
Table 28.2
Chapter 30
Table 30.1
Chapter 31
Table 31.1
Table 31.2
Table 31.3
Table 31.4
Chapter 32
Table 32.1
Chapter 33
Table 33.1
Chapter 36
Table 36.1
Table 36.2
Table 36.3
Chapter 40
Table 40.1
Table 40.2
Table 40.3
Chapter 42
Table 42.1
Chapter 43
Table 43.1
Table 43.2
Chapter 47
Table 47.1
Table 47.2
Chapter 48
Table 48.1
Table 48.2
Table 48.3
Table 48.4
Chapter 49
Table 49.1
Table 49.2
Table 49.3
Table 49.4
Table 49.5
Chapter 50
Table 50.1
Table 50.2
Chapter 51
Table 51.1
Table 51.2
Table 51.3
Chapter 52
Table 52.1
Table 52.2
Table 52.3
Chapter 53
Table 53.1
Chapter 54
Table 54.1
Chapter 55
Table 55.1
Chapter 57
Table 57.1
Chapter 58
Table 58.1
Table 58.2
Chapter 59
Table 59.1
Table 59.2
Chapter 60
Table 60.1
Chapter 61
Table 61.1
Chapter 65
Table 65.1
Table 65.2
Chapter 66
Table 66.1
Chapter 67
Table 67.1
Chapter 69
Table 69.1
Table 69.2
Chapter 71
Table 71.1
Table 71.2
Chapter 73
Table 73.1
Table 73.2
Chapter 74
Table 74.1
Chapter 75
Table 75.1
Chapter 77
Table 77.1
Table 77.2
Chapter 78
Table 78.1
Chapter 79
Table 79.1
Table 79.2
Table 79.3
Table 79.4
Chapter 80
Table 80.1
Table 80.2
Table 80.3
Table 80.4
Table 80.5
Chapter 82
Table 82.1
Chapter 83
Table 83.1
Chapter 84
Table 84.1
Chapter 86
Table 86.1
Chapter 88
Table 88.1
Chapter 89
Table 89.1
Table 89.2
Table 89.3
Chapter 90
Table 90.1
Chapter 91
Table 91.1
Chapter 92
Table 92.1
Table 92.2
Table 92.3
Chapter 98
Table 98.1
Chapter 99
Table 99.1
Chapter 100
Table 100.1
Chapter 101
Table 101.1
Table 101.2
Chapter 102
Table 102.1
Chapter 104
Table 104.1
Chapter 107
Table 107.1
Chapter 108
Table 108.1
Chapter 110
Table 110.1
Chapter 111
Table 111.1
Chapter 115
Table 115.1
Table 115.2
Chapter 117
Table 117.1
Table 117.2
Chapter 118
Table 118.1
Table 118.2
Table 118.3
Chapter 119
Table 119.1
Chapter 124
Table 124.1
Chapter 126
Table 126.1
Chapter 127
Table 127.1
Table 127.2
Chapter 131
Table 131.1
Chapter 132
Table 132.1
Chapter 133
Table 133.1
Chapter 135
Table 135.1
Chapter 137
Table 137.1
Chapter 139
Table 139.1
Chapter 142
Table 142.1
Chapter 143
Table 143.1
Chapter 145
Table 145.1
Chapter 147
Table 147.1
Chapter 148
Table 148.1
Chapter 149
Table 149.1
Table 149.2
Chapter 150
Table 150.1
Chapter 152
Table 152.1
Chapter 161
Table 161.1
Chapter 162
Table 162.1
Table 162.2
Chapter 163
Table 163.1
Chapter 164
Table 164.1
Chapter 166
Table 166.1
Chapter 168
Table 168.1
Table 168.2
Table 168.3
Table 168.4
Table 168.5
Chapter 169
Table 169.1
Chapter 170
Table 170.1
Chapter 171
Table 171.1
Chapter 173
Table 173.1
Chapter 175
Table 175.1
Table 175.2
Table 175.3
Chapter 178
Table 178.1
Chapter 179
Table 179.1
Table 179.2
