Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1199

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics offers a comprehensive approach to equine laboratory diagnostics, including hematology, clinical chemistry, serology, body fluid analysis, microbiology, clinical parasitology, endocrinology, immunology, and molecular diagnostics. * Offers a practical resource for the accurate interpretation of laboratory results, with examples showing real-world applications * Covers hematology, clinical chemistry, serology, body fluid analysis, microbiology, clinical parasitology, endocrinology, immunology, and molecular diagnostics * Introduces the underlying principles of laboratory diagnostics * Provides clinically oriented guidance on performing and interpreting laboratory tests * Presents a complete reference to established and new diagnostic procedures

Leseprobe

Interpretation of Equine Laboratory Diagnostics

Edited by

Nicola Pusterla

University of California-DavisCalifornia, USA

Jill Higgins

Equine Consulting Services-PenrynCalifornia, USA

This edition first published 2018© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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The right of Nicola Pusterla and Jill Higgins to be identified as the author(s) of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of WarrantyThe contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Pusterla, Nicola, 1967– editor. | Higgins, Jill, 1977– editor.Title: Interpretation of equine laboratory diagnostics / edited by Nicola Pusterla, Jill Higgins.Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |Identifiers: LCCN 2017026727 (print) | LCCN 2017027883 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118922811 (pdf) | ISBN 9781118922804 (epub) | ISBN 9781118739792 (cloth)Subjects: | MESH: Horse Diseases–physiopathology | Horse Diseases–diagnosis | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures–veterinary | Clinical Laboratory Techniques–methodsClassification: LCC SF951 (ebook) | LCC SF951 .I58 2017 (print) | NLM SF 951 | DDC 636.10896075–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017026727

Cover Design and Images: Courtesy of Nicola Pusterla

Contributors

Monica AlemanDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Barry BallGluck Equine Research CenterDepartment of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of KentuckyKentuckyUSA

Barbara A. ByrneDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Kelli L. BarrDepartment of Infectious Diseases and PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaFloridaUSA

Ashley G. BoyleDepartment of Clinical StudiesNew Bolton CenterSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaUSA

Marjory B. BrooksThe Comparative Coagulation LaboratoryAnimal Health Diagnostic CenterCollege of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkUSA

Alan ConleyDepartment of Population Health and ReproductionSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Beate CrossleyCalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety LaboratoryDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Joshua B. DanielsDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityColoradoUSA

Ghislaine A. DujovneDepartment of Population Health and ReproductionSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Krista E. EstellDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Julia B. FelippeCornell UniversityCollege of Veterinary MedicineNew YorkUSA

C. Langdon FieldingLoomis Basin Equine Medical CenterCaliforniaUSA

Carrie J. FinnoDepartment of Population Health and ReproductionSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Janet FoleyDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Nicholas FrankDepartment of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityMassachusettsUSA

Connie J. GebhartVeterinary and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinnesotaUSA

Alonso GuedesUniversity of MinnesotaMinnesotaUSA

Jill HigginsEquine Consulting Services‐PenrynCaliforniaUSA

Ashley HillCalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety LaboratoryDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Emir HodzicDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Robin HoustonWilliam R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Amy L. JohnsonDepartment of Clinical Studies – New Bolton CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePennsylvaniaUSA

Jennifer JeskeDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Christian M. LeuteneggerIDEXX Laboratories, Inc.CaliforniaUSA

Maureen T. LongDepartment of Infectious Diseases and PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaFloridaUSA

K. Gary MagdesianDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Melissa MazanCummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityMassachusettsUSA

Linda MittelDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkUSA

SallyAnne L. NessHospital for AnimalsCollege of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkUSA

Jorge NietoDepartment of Surgical and Radiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Jed OvermannVeterinary Clinical Sciences DepartmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinnesotaUSA

Angela Pelzel‐McCluskeyUnited States Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceVeterinary ServicesColoradoUSA

M. Cecilia T. PenedoVeterinary Genetics LaboratorySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Robert H. PoppengaCalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System andDepartment of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California at DavisCaliforniaUSA

Nicola PusterlaDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

M. Judith RadinDepartment of Veterinary BiosciencesThe Ohio State University College of Veterinary MedicineOhioUSA

Camilla J. ScottWilliam R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching HospitalSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Leslie SharkeyDepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinnesotaUSA

Sharon J. SpierDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Nicole StephensonDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Mary H. StraubDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Sandra D. TaylorDepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityIndianaUSA

Josie Traub‐DargatzColorado State UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesDepartment of Clinical SciencesColoradoUSA

Jan TrelaDepartment of Surgical and Radiological SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Wendy VaalaMerck Animal HealthNew YorkUSA

Anita VargaGold Coast Veterinary Service and ConsultingCaliforniaUSA

Bettina WagnerDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkUSA

W. David WilsonDepartment of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaCaliforniaUSA

Preface

As equine practitioners, we are blessed to be in a field that is constantly and rapidly advancing. With the discovery of emerging or re‐emerging diseases, equine practitioners, like ourselves, are challenged to not only understand these new entities, but also be able to use appropriate diagnostic tests and adequately interpret their results. The objectives of this book are to help equine veterinarians with the interpretation of equine laboratory diagnostics as they apply to hematology, clinical chemistry, serology and molecular diagnostics. There are currently incredible equine medical texts that address the laboratory diagnostic approach of certain diseases. However, much of their focus is devoted to the clinical presentation, pathophysiology of the disease, and treatment options. This book represents a unique compilation of both established and new diagnostics that are routinely offered by diagnostic laboratories across North America in an easy‐to‐use manual written by leading experts in the various fields. Our goal was to link the principles of clinical pathology in hematology, clinical chemistry, serology, molecular diagnostics, and genetics with clinical understanding and then translate the results of such investigation into a format that is readily usable by the busy equine veterinarian. This book is a quick reference guide for veterinary students, veterinary technicians and equine veterinarians, who have a need for laboratory diagnostics in their daily equine practice and studies. One of the main challenges in the veterinary profession we’ve experienced is locating accurate information on the meaning of certain diagnostic laboratory results taking into account their potential advantages and pitfalls. Who has the time to stay up‐to‐the‐minute current with the newly‐developed assays and to develop a level of comfort with their use without having any specific experience in interpretation of their results? This book offers an easy and practical introduction to currently available tests, helps with understanding of the results by providing examples, presents comparative data on test performance, and makes reference to the laboratories that offer such testing.

It is our personal goal to make professional life a little bit easier for our fellow hardworking equine veterinarians who are also doing double time being great moms and dads, husbands and wives, and all of the other roles that we play. Our hope is that this manual will become your go‐to, quick reference guide that frees up your time to do the things that really matter… caring for horses, training the next generation of equine veterinarians, and making a difference in this world. Thank you to everyone who believed in the idea behind this book and to our families for allowing us the time and opportunity to work on it together. It has been a fun adventure!

Nic and Jill

1Veterinary Diagnostic Testing

Linda Mittel

Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA

1.1 Introduction

Most veterinary diagnostic laboratories have websites or booklets describing requirements for diagnostic sampling. These resources have descriptions of the sample needed, volume, temperature requirements for shipping, and other valuable information to assist the referring veterinarian.

Obtaining diagnostic samples from animals may present zoonotic disease exposure to the veterinarian. The veterinarian should always be aware of zoonotic diseases, transboundary diseases and even potential bioterrorism acts when collecting diagnostic samples. One of the most recognized potential zoonotic exposures for veterinarians is rabies and this should be on the differential in any neurological case. Any neurological case should be carefully handled when obtaining brain or any samples from the horses.

Additionally, foreign animal diseases (FAD)/transboundary diseases should be on the differential when clinical signs suggest such. International movement of horses legally and illegally may introduce FADs into the United States and consultation with the USDA and state veterinarians should be done prior to any sampling should veterinarians have any concerns about these possibilities.

Veterinary diagnostic testing utilizes many of the rapidly developing testing platforms including PCR, sequencing, multi‐array, and MALDI‐TOF to assist in diagnosis. Testing procedures are changing frequently and veterinarians must familiarize themselves with their referral laboratories’ website or contact the lab to stay abreast of new sampling requirements, and tests.