Ivor Horton's Beginning Java, Java 7 Edition E-Book

Ivor Horton

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 2435

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Find out why thousands have turned to Ivor Horton for learningJava Ivor Horton's approach is teaching Java is so effective andpopular that he is one of the leading authors of introductoryprogramming tutorials, with over 160,000 copies of his Java bookssold. In this latest edition, whether you're a beginner or anexperienced programmer switching to Java, you'll learn how to buildreal-world Java applications using Java SE 7. The author thoroughlycovers the basics as well as new features such as extensions andclasses; extended coverage of the Swing Application Framework; andhe does it all in his unique, highly accessible style thatbeginners love. * Provides a thorough introduction to the latest version of theJava programming language, Java SE 7 * Introduces you to a host of new features for both novices andexperienced programmers * Covers the basics as well as new language extensions andclasses and class methods * Guides you through the Swing Application Framework for creatingSwing apps * Uses numerous step-by-step programming examples to guide youthrough the development process There's no better way to get thoroughly up to speed on thelatest version of Java than with Ivor Horton's latest,comprehensive guide.

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Introducing Java

What Is Java All About?

Features of the Java Language

Learning Java

The Java Environment

Object-Oriented Programming in Java

Java Program Structure

Java and Unicode

Summary

Resources

Chapter 2: Programs, Data, Variables, and Calculation

Data and Variables

Integer Data Types

Floating-Point Data Types

Fixing the Value of a Variable

Arithmetic Calculations

The op= Operators

Mathematical Functions and Constants

Storing Characters

Bitwise Operations

Variables with a Fixed Set of Integer Values

Boolean Variables

Operator Precedence

Program Comments

Summary

Chapter 3: Loops and Logic

Making Decisions

Logical Operators

The Conditional Operator

The switch Statement

Variable Scope

Loops

Assertions

Summary

Chapter 4: Arrays and Strings

Arrays

Strings

Operations on Strings

Mutable Strings

Summary

Chapter 5: Defining Classes

What Is a Class?

Defining Classes

Defining Methods

Constructors

Defining and Using a Class

Method Overloading

Using Objects

Recursion

Understanding Packages

Controlling Access to Class Members

Nested Classes

Summary

Chapter 6: Extending Classes and Inheritance

Using Existing Classes

Class Inheritance

The @Override Annotation

Choosing Base Class Access Attributes

Polymorphism

Multiple Levels of Inheritance

Abstract Classes

The Universal Superclass

Methods Accepting a Variable Number of Arguments

Casting Objects

More on Enumerations

Designing Classes

Using the final Modifier

Interfaces

Anonymous Classes

Summary

Chapter 7: Exceptions

The Idea Behind Exceptions

Types of Exceptions

Dealing with Exceptions

Exception Objects

Defining Your Own Exceptions

Summary

Chapter 8: Understanding Streams

Streams and Input/Output Operations

Understanding Streams

The Classes for Input and Output

The Standard Streams

Summary

Chapter 9: Accessing Files and Directories

Accessing the File System

Working with Path Objects

Creating and Deleting Directories and Files

Getting the Contents of a Directory

Closing a Stream

Moving and Copying Files and Directories

Summary

Chapter 10: Writing Files

File I/O Basics

File Output

Writing a File via an Output Stream

Writing a File Using a Writer

Buffers

Writing a File Using a Channel

File Write Operations

Forcing Data to Be Written to a Device

Summary

Chapter 11: Reading Files

File Read Operations

Reading a File Using a Channel

Copying Files

Random Access to a File

Memory-Mapped Files

Summary

Chapter 12: Serializing Objects

Storing Objects in a File

Writing an Object to a File

Reading an Object from a File

Summary

Chapter 13: Generic Class Types

What Are Generic Types?

Defining a Generic Class Type

Generic Types and Generic Interfaces

Variables of a Raw Type

Wildcards as Type Parameter Arguments

Arrays and Parameterized Types

Parameterized Methods

Parameterized Types and Inheritance

Summary

Chapter 14: The Collections Framework

Understanding the Collections Framework

Collections of Objects

Iterators

Collection Classes

Using EnumSet

Array Collection Classes

Linked Lists

Using Maps

Summary

Chapter 15: A Collection of Useful Classes

Utility Methods for Arrays

Observable and Observer Objects

Generating Random Numbers

Dates and Times

Regular Expressions

Using a Scanner

Summary

Chapter 16: Threads

Understanding Threads

Managing Threads

Using Executors

Thread Priorities

Summary

Chapter 17: Creating Windows

Graphical User Interfaces in Java

Creating a Window

Components and Containers

Basics of Components

Using Swing Containers

Container Layout Managers

Adding a Menu to a Window

Summary

Chapter 18: Handling Events

Interactive Java Programs

The Event-Handling Process

Event Classes

Semantic Event Handling in Applets

Semantic Event Listeners in an Application

Using Actions

Adding a Toolbar

Adding Menu Icons

Adding Tooltips

Disabling Actions

Summary

Chapter 19: Drawing in a Window

Using the Model/View Architecture

Component Coordinate Systems

Drawing on a Component

Shapes

Filling Shapes

Managing Shapes

Drawing Using the Mouse

Defining Your Own Shape Classes

Changing the Cursor

Summary

Chapter 20: Extending the GUI

Creating a Status Bar

Using Dialogs

Using a Dialog to Create Text Elements

A Font Selection Dialog

Pop-Up Menus

Transforming the User Coordinate System

Choosing Custom Colors

Summary

Chapter 21: Filing and Printing Documents

Serializing the Sketch

Basic Infrastructure for Saving Sketches

Using a File Chooser

Implementing File Operations

Printing in Java

Summary

Chapter 22: Java and XML

XML

XML Document Structure

Data Structure in XML

Document Type Definitions

Rules for a Well-Formed Document

XML Namespaces

XML Schemas

A Schema for Sketcher

Programming with XML Documents

Accessing Parsers

Using SAX

Summary

Chapter 23: Creating and Modifying XML Documents

The Document Object Model

Setting DOM Parser Features

Parsing a Document

Navigating a Document Object Tree

Transforming XML

Creating Document Objects

Storing a Sketch as XML

Reading an XML Representation of a Sketch

Summary

Appendix A: Keywords

Appendix B: Computer Arithmetic

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Chapter 1

Introducing Java

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER:

The basic characteristics of the Java languageHow Java programs work on your computerWhy Java programs are portable between different computersThe basic ideas behind object-oriented programmingHow a simple Java program looks and how you can run it using the Java Development KitWhat HTML is and how to use it to include a Java program in a web page

This chapter should give you an appreciation of what the Java language is all about. Understanding the details of what I discuss in this chapter is not important at this stage; you see all of the topics again in greater depth in later chapters of the book. The intent of this chapter is to introduce you to the general ideas that underpin what I cover through the rest of the book, as well as the major contexts in which Java programs can be used and the kind of program that is applicable in each context.

WHAT IS JAVA ALL ABOUT?

Java is an innovative programming language that has become the language of choice for programs that need to run on a variety of different computer systems. First of all, Java enables you to write small programs called applets. These are programs that you can embed in web pages to provide some intelligence. Being able to embed executable code in a web page introduces a vast range of exciting possibilities. Instead of being a passive presentation of text and graphics, a web page can be interactive in any way that you want. You can include animations, games, interactive transaction processing — the possibilities are almost unlimited.

Of course, embedding program code in a web page creates special security requirements. As an Internet user accessing a page with embedded Java code, you need to be confident that it won’t do anything that might interfere with the operation of your computer or damage the data you have on your system. This implies that execution of the embedded code must be controlled in such a way that it prevents accidental damage to your computer environment, as well as ensure that any Java code that was created with malicious intent is effectively inhibited. Java implicitly incorporates measures to minimize the possibility of such occurrences arising with a Java applet.

Java’s support for the Internet and network-based applications generally doesn’t end with applets. For example, Java Server Pages (JSP) provides a powerful means of building a server application that can dynamically create and download HTML pages to a client that are precisely customized for the specific request that is received. Of course, the pages that are generated by JSP can themselves contain Java applets.

Java also enables you to write large-scale application programs that you can run unchanged on any computer with an operating system environment in which Java is supported. This applies to the majority of computers in use today. The slogan that was coined to illustrate the cross-platform capability of Java, “write once, run anywhere,” has been amply demonstrated to be the case. You can develop code on a PC and it will run on a Java-enabled cell phone. You can even write programs that work both as ordinary applications and as applets.

Java has matured immensely in recent years. The breadth of function provided by the standard core Java has grown incredibly. Java provides you with comprehensive facilities for building applications with an interactive graphical user interface (GUI), extensive image processing and graphics programming facilities, as well as support for XML, accessing relational databases and communicating with remote computers over a network. Just about any kind of application can now be programmed effectively in Java, with the implicit plus of complete portability.

Of course, Java is still developing and growing. The latest Java Development Kit, JDK 7, adds many new facilities that include new language features as well as significant additions to the supporting libraries. You learn about all of these in this book.

FEATURES OF THE JAVA LANGUAGE

The most important characteristic of Java is that it was designed from the outset to be machine independent. You can run Java programs unchanged on any machine and operating system combination that supports Java. Of course, there is still the slim possibility of the odd glitch, as you are ultimately dependent on the implementation of Java on any particular machine, but Java programs are intrinsically more portable than programs written in other languages. An application written in Java only requires a single set of source code statements, regardless of the number of different computer platforms on which it is run. In any other programming language, the application frequently requires the source code to be tailored to accommodate different computer environments, particularly if an extensive graphical user interface is involved. Java offers substantial savings in time and resources in developing, supporting, and maintaining major applications on several different hardware platforms and operating systems.

Possibly the next most important characteristic of Java is that it is object-oriented. The object-oriented approach to programming is an implicit feature of all Java programs, so you find out what this means later in this chapter. Object-oriented programs are easier to understand and less time-consuming to maintain and extend than programs that have been written without the benefit of using objects.

Not only is Java object-oriented, but it also manages to avoid many of the difficulties and complications that are inherent in some object-oriented languages, making it easy to learn and very straightforward to use. By and large, it lacks the traps and “gotchas” that arise in some other programming languages. This makes the learning cycle shorter, and you need less real-world coding experience to gain competence and confidence. It also makes Java code easier to test.

Java has a built-in ability to support national character sets. You can write Java programs as easily for use in Greece or Japan as you can for English-speaking countries, assuming you are familiar with the national languages involved, of course. You can even build programs from the outset to support several different national languages with automatic adaptation to the environment in which the code executes.

LEARNING JAVA

Java is not difficult to learn, but there is a great deal to it. Although the Java language is very powerful, it is fairly compact, so acquiring an understanding of the Java language should take less time than you think. However, there’s much more to Java than just the language. To be able to program effectively in Java, you need to understand the libraries that go with the language, and these are very extensive. It is also important to become familiar with open source projects, especially those developed by the Apache folks.