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- Herausgeber: Pazifik-Netzwerk Verlag
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Our waste has an enormous impact on the underwater world, its ecosystems and inhabitants. Our health and survival are also affected. Can we change it? The Kids-for-the-Ocean education program has been developed for all children. As Generation Hope, they are the decision-makers of tomorrow and the bearers of hope to bring about change. The program is easy to use in class or during supervised free time. It is also designed for everyday family life. This book offers inspiration, solutions and is intended to encourage reasonable choices. Not only will Planet Ocean change - we, too, will change.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2019
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Strategies and Initiatives for Everyday Life to Prevent
Plastic Pollution in the Ocean
- A Step-by-Step Guide for Families and Schools -
Anne Mäusbacher
For my Son
and all the knowledge-hungry young activists
that Planet Ocean so desperately needs.
4
IMPRINT
Publisher: Pacific Informations Stelle Neuendettelsau
Editor: Pacific Informations Stelle Neuendettelsau Layout / Graphics: Marco Ermann
Author: © Anne Mäusbacher beach cleaner
Illustrations: © Christoph J Kellner // studio animanova www.animanova.de
Photography: © Samantha Runkel, Anne Mäusbacher
Title Image: © What Lies Under .. Ferdi Rizkiyanto, Indonesia
Publisher: Pacific Network Publisher
Printer: CPI - BuchBücher.de GmbH - Birkach
Translations from German to English: Samantha Runkel
All rights reserved
Reproduction and distribution of the materials is permitted for educational purposes only after consultation with publisher and author under the copyright.
Any other commercial use and duplication, even of parts, such as illustrations and images, is expressly prohibited.
All content contained in these materials has been carefully researched and checked. If errors in content have crept in, the authors assume no responsibility and liability.
Gender-neutral formulation:
For reasons of easier readability, this book uses the usual male language form for personal nouns and pronouns. However, this does not imply discrimination against the female sex, but should be understood as gender-neutral in the sense of linguistic simplification.
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CONTENTS
© Rainer Witzgall, TM Studios
Inhalt
Inspiration..................................................................6
FOREWORD.................................................................7
Kids for the Ocean ...................................................8
INTRODUCTION & KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER ........9
THE BLUE PLANET...................................................15
Biodiversity & Marine Ecosystem ......................15
The Benefits of the Ocean for Humans.............19
The Ocean is in DangerThe Garbage in the Ocean ...................................25
Rinse Bend...............................................................26
One of the dirtiest rivers in the world..............27
Garbage Continents - Gyres ................................30
Where does our Waste come from?...................36
Where does our Waste go?..........................................................................................50
Fact & Figures.................................................................................................................55
How is Plastic Made?....................................................................................................63
Macro- and Microplastic..............................................................................................66
How Long do Plastics Last ...........................................................................................75
Bioplastic..........................................................................................................................79
Can Plastic be Recycled?.............................................................................................81
Effects on Health and Ecosystems............................................................................85
Plastic in our Body........................................................................................................86
Plastic in Fish, Marine Mammals and Seabirds.....................................................92
Waste Journal...............................................................................................................100
Alternatives to Plastic in Daily Life .........................................................................101
Beach cleanups ............................................................................................................123
Beach cleanups – Tracking ......................................................................................127
Recycling / Upcycling of Arts & Crafts ..................................................................129
What Others Do / Role Models & Inspiration.......................................................132
Circular Economy .......................................................................................................138
Bionics / Biomimicry...........................................141
Coloring...................................................................143
Afterword................................................................147
Sources ...................................................................148
ABOUT THE AUTHOR ............................................150
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„We have to realise that the most important thing we take from the ocean is not minerals, not oil, not gas, it’s not fish, not lobsters, not oysters – not a lot of things. It’s our existence. “
Dr. Sylvia Earle, Mission Blue
© Kip Evans Mission Blue
Inspiration
Dr. Sylvia Alice Earle (born August 30, 1935 in Gibbstown, New Jersey) is an American oceanographer and environmental ac-tivist to protect the oceans. She was the scientific director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), advised NASA, and has been a researcher for the National Geographic Society since 1995. As the leader of more than 60 ocean expeditions, she spent more than 7,000 hours underwater. She has founded organizations such as www.mission-blue.org, and inspires humankind with stories from the underwater world and why it‘s so important to protect it.
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The ocean is overfished, over-acidi-fied and polluted. The exact amount of plastic waste in the world‘s ocean can only be estimated in numbers. Several million tons are added each year. How did this happen? Who are the culprits? What can we do to change it?
Not only does this waste have an enormous impact on the undersea world, marine ecosystems and sea-birds, but on our health and survival as well.
„Kids for the Ocean“ was developed for “Generation Hope” and its tea-chers. Generation Hope is the girls and boys between the ages of 6 and 24, tomorrow‘s decision-makers, and who are desperately needed.
The program is easy to incorporate into school syllabi or any other type of teaching environment, such as holiday programs, childcare facili-ties and day care. It is also ideal for everyday family life.
It is flexible, both as a stand-alo-ne program or as specific topics as individual chapters. The program is great to incorporate into hiking trips, theme days or weekly pro-jects.
The target audience will generally gain a better understanding of the biggest environmental disaster of humanity and will not treat the en-vironment and its resources waste-fully or destructively.
The goal is,
to pay more attention to plastic pollution in the oceans and to re-cognize the danger that threatens not only the oceans, but our lives on earth.
To show alternatives to daily plas-tic consumption.
To fight for our planet and our own health as well as for the future of humanity.
To create examples of living in har-mony with nature and sustainably influencing our environment.
Each of us can play an important role in reducing plastic pollution and working on new, exciting solu-tions.
Anne Mäusbacher
Founder, beach cleaner
FOREWORD
© Anne Mäusbacher
8
An educational program about ocean plas-tic pollution for children, teachers and pa-rents.
Children and teenagers act as „ocean am-bassadors“ and a catalyst for change in their communities. i.e. sharing their know-ledge with parents, friends, at schools, sports clubs, etc.
Due to the urgency of the topic, the pro-gram would ideally be included in regular syllabi.
Kids for the Ocean
9
An educational program about ocean plas-tic pollution for children, teachers and pa-rents.
Children and teenagers act as „ocean am-bassadors“ and a catalyst for change in their communities. i.e. sharing their know-ledge with parents, friends, at schools, sports clubs, etc.
Due to the urgency of the topic, the pro-gram would ideally be included in regular syllabi.
A questionnaire is given in the be-ginning of the program. At the end, it is given again, but with more in-depth and sophisticated questions.
Ideally, the content should be wor-ked through in order, but it’s not absolutely necessary. It’s possible to work through individual topics independently of each other. Each chapter has a fact section, a work section for the students/children and a response section for the tea-cher or parent.
The videos are all available on our website:
Because the program evolves with the commitment of every one of us, we look forward to your feedback.
Have fun withKids for the Ocean.
Q & A
Video to watch
Facts / answers for teachers & parents
Timing for exercise
INTRODUCTION &
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
www.beachcleaner.de/english/kids-for-the-ocean/videos/
© Anne Mäusbacher
10
The children should fill this out by themselves before begjnning the program.
Why does waste end up in the ocean?
What do you know about plastic waste islands or -continents?
What can you do about it in your community?
What can you do about it as an individual?
Does plastic stay in its original form, or does it dissolve?
Have you heard that plastic water bottles aren’t healthy to drink out of?
INTRODUCTION &
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
After 7 weeks, a final questionnaire will be given, ideally, after the Zero waste challenge (7 weeks) in the end of the book.
to be copied and printed out for parents and teachers
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Why does waste end up in the ocean?
20% of the waste in the sea comes from container ships, oil rigs, fishing nets and cruise liners. 80% comes from land, is blown into the ocean (overcrowded dumps, rubbish bins, garbage left on the beach), industrial wastewater in ri-vers and the ocean, illegal waste disposal.
What do you know about plastic waste islands or -continents?
Waste is swept together by the ocean’s natural currents. There are already 5-7 plastic continents in the ocean, one the size of Europe!
What can be done in society?
Stricter laws, manufacturing controls on plastic, with the legal responsibility of recycling under ethical and environmentally-friendly conditions.
What can you do as a individual to reduce plastic pollution?
Consuming consciously, avoiding packaged products, buying unpackaged food, and creating the least amount of waste as possible.
Does plastic stay in its original form, or does it dissolve?
Biodegradation time frames vary, from a few decades to a hundred years.
Have you heard that plastic water bottles aren’t healthy to drink out of?
Microplastics have been detected in returnable PET bottles, in both the closure and the bottle wall, so it’s advised to change completely to glass or stainless steel bottles.
INTRODUCTION &
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
Facts / answers for parents & teachers
12
To be completed at the end of the program by the children themselves.
Why does waste end up in the ocean?
How much waste enters the ocean each minute?
Have you heard of the 5 Gyres? What are they?
Who discovered them?
What impact do plastics and pollution have on our health and ecosystems?
What can you do as an individual?
Does plastic stay in its original form, or does it dissolve?
How long does a plastic bottle take to completely decompose?
Have you heard that plastic water bottles aren’t healthy to drink out of?
INTRODUCTION &
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
After 7 weeks, this questionnaire will be given again (ideally after the 7-week “zero waste challenge” at the end of the book).
to be copied and printed out for parents and teachers
13
Why does waste end up in the ocean?
20% of the garbage in the sea comes from container ships, oil rigs, fishing nets and cruise liners. 80% comes from land, is blown into the ocean (overcrowded dumps, rubbish bins, garbage left on the beach), industrial wastewater in rivers and the ocean, and illegal waste disposal.
How much trash enters the ocean every minute?
Every minute, one garbage truck of plastic gets dumped into the ocean.
Have you heard of the 5 gyres? What are they?
They are so-called plastic continents in the ocean, one being the size of Europe. There are now 5 - 7 of these „garbage patches”. They were formed by the ocean’s currents, collecting the floating pieces of plastic to form these massive bodies of plastic waste.
Who discovered them?
US marine explorer Captain Charles Moore in 1997.
What impact do plastics and pollution have on our health and ecosystems?
Animals confuse plastic in the ocean with food. Plastic has already been detected in shellfish and fish, which then end up on our plate. Some animal species are critically endangered, i.e. through plastic food intake.
What can you do as an individual against it?
Consuming consciously, avoiding packaging waste, buying unpackaged food, and creating the least amount of waste as possible.
Does plastic always stay in its original form, or does it dissolve?
Biodegradation time frames vary, from a few decades to a hundred years.
How long does it take for a plastic bottle to completely decompose?
A plastic bottle remains in the ocean for 450 years until it dissolves into micro-plastic.
Have you heard that plastic water bottles aren’t healthy to drink out of?
Microplastics have been detected in returnable PET bottles. Both the cap and bottle contain micropolastics, so it’s advised to change completely to glass or stainless steel bottles.
INTRODUCTION &
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
Facts / answers for parents & teachers
14
Vor Start des Aufklärungsprogrammes von den Kindern alleine auszufüllen.
Warum landet Müll im Ozean?
Was weißt Du über Plastikmüllinseln oder -Kontinente?
Was kann man dagegen tun in der Gesellschaft?
Was kannst Du als einzelne Person konkret dagegen unternehmen?
Bleibt Plastik immer so erhalten, oder löst sich Plastik auf?
Hast Du schon davon gehört, dass Plastik Wasserflaschen nicht gesund sind?
Nach ca. 7 Wochen wird ein weiterer Abschlussfragebogen ausgefüllt.
Idealerweise nach der Zero waste challenge (7 Wochen)am Ende des Buches.
zum Kopieren & Ausdrucken
für Pädagogen und Eltern
THE BLUEPLANET
© Anne Mäusbacher
15
We haven’t explored most of the ocean.
Did you know that squid have three hearts?
Two hearts are needed to pump the blood into the gills, and the third transports the oxygenated blood throughout the rest of the body.
Cuttlefish can transform completely and adapt to their environment, I.e., to sand or stones.
Smallest sea animal: nanoplankton, from 4 microns (μm), zooplankton from 0.5 mm.
Biggest sea animal: Blue whale, 35 meters. Its heart is the size of a small car.
THE BLUE PLANET
Biodiversity & Marine Ecosystem
more than 95 %of the oceans is unknown
What is the smallest sea animal?
What is the biggest sea animal?
Research in the library or on the internet.
© Richard Carey
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The phytoplankton is usually invisible to the naked eye but extremely important for life in the oceans. It is a unicellular vegetable (mostly diatoms). It lives near the water’s surface and operates through sunlight photosynthesis. It converts carbon dioxide into plant biomass, producing oxygen. Half of the oxygen we breathe is pro-duced by the ocean.
Zooplankton (microorganisms, such as krill) play a vital role as a food source for fish and many other forms of marine life. It feeds on phytoplankton. Due to the presence of plankton just below the water surface, large areas of the ocean often discolor, signaling to fishermen the shoals of fish, like herring and mackerel, feeding on the zooplankton below.
What role does phytoplankton play?
What role does zooplankton play in the food chain?
Research and explain using a collage you design (A3 poster).
THE BLUE PLANET
Biodiversity & Marine Ecosystem
© Matthew Cole, Plymouth Marine Labs, Five Films.
Quelle: Wikipedia
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80% of the world‘s wildlife live in the ocean, with over 230,000 known species.
Undetected, probably several more millions.
Only 5%, more than 95% of the ocean, are unexplored.
Only 3 - 5% are currently under protection worldwide (Marine Protected Areas, MPA).
THE BLUE PLANETBiodiversity & Marine Ecosystem
How many animal species have been discovered in the ocean so far?
How many are undiscovered yet?
What percentage of the ocean has been explored?
What percentage of „the ocean“ is under special protection?
Research on the internet.
© achimdiver
© vlad61_61
© Anne Mäusbacher
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Our land on earth is surrounded by three great oceans: the Atlantic, the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. But there are also some smaller seas, such as the North and Baltic Seas and the Mediterranean Sea, just to name a few. Science knows more about the surface of the moon than about most of the area below the surface of the planet!
The Deep Sea
The deep ocean has many ravines and ditches: 76% of the ocean has a depth
