Laser Technology E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Adhesion and Adhesives - Fundamental and Applied Aspects
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 697

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Beschreibung

The acronym Laser is derived from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. With the advent of the ruby laser in 1960, there has been tremendous research activity in developing novel, more versatile and more efficient laser sources or devices, as lasers applications are ubiquitous. Today, lasers are used in many areas of human endeavor and are routinely employed in a host of diverse fields: various branches of engineering, microelectronics, biomedical, medicine, dentistry, surgery, surface modification, to name just a few. In this book (containing 10 chapters) we have focused on application of lasers in adhesion and related areas. The topics covered include: * Topographical modification of polymers and metals by laser ablation to create superhydrophobic surfaces. * Non-ablative laser surface modification. * Laser surface modification to enhance adhesion. * Laser surface engineering of materials to modulate their wetting behavior. * Laser surface modification in dentistry. * Laser polymer welding. * Laser based adhesion testing technique to measure thin film-substrate interface toughness. * Laser surface removal of hard thin ceramic coatings. * Laser removal of particles from surfaces. * Laser induced thin film debonding for micro-device fabrication applications.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

Part 1: Laser Surface Modification and Adhesion Enhancement

Chapter 1: Topographical Modification of Polymers and Metals by Laser Ablation to Create Superhydrophobic Surfaces

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Wetting Theory

1.3 Laser Ablation Background

1.4 Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Laser Ablation

1.5 Summary

References

Chapter 2: Nonablative Laser Surface Modification

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Part 1 – Nonablative Laser Skin Photorejuvenation

2.3 Part 2 –Formation of Micro-/Nano-Structures and LIPSS in Materials by Nonablative Laser Processing

2.4 Part 3 – Nonablative Laser Surface Modification to Alter the Surface Properties of Materials

2.5 Summary

References

Chapter 3: Wettability Characteristics of Laser Surface Engineered Polymers

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Lasers for Surface Engineering

3.3 Laser Surface-Engineered Topography

3.4 Laser Surface-Engineered Wettability

3.5 Summary

References

Chapter 4: Laser Surface Modification for Adhesion Enhancement

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Basic Mechanisms of Laser Surface Modification

4.3 Laser Induced Surface Modification of Metal Substrates to Enhance Adhesion

4.4 Laser Induced Surface Modification of Polymers and Composites to Enhance Their Adhesion

4.5 Summary

References

Chapter 5: Laser Surface Modification in Dentistry: Effect on the Adhesion of Restorative Materials

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Dental Structures

5.3 Adhesion of Restorative Materials

5.4 Laser Light Interaction with the Dental Substrate

5.5 Dental Structure Ablation and Influence on Bond Strength of Restorative Materials

5.6 Summary

5.7 Prospects

References

Part 2: Other Applications

Chapter 6: Laser Polymer Welding

6.1 Introduction to Laser Polymer Welding

6.2 Theoretical Background

6.3 Factors Affecting Polymer Laser Welding

6.4 Practical Applications

6.5 Testing and Quality Control

6.6 Future Prospects

6.7 Summary

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 7: Laser Based Adhesion Testing Technique to Measure Thin Film-Substrate Interface Toughness

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Modification of Laser Spallation Technique to Measure Thin Film-Substrate Interface Fracture Toughness

7.3 Parametric Studies

7.4 Validation of Dynamic Delamination Protocol

7.5 Summary

References

Chapter 8: Laser Induced Thin Film Debonding for Micro-Device Fabrication Applications

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The Mechanism of Laser Induced Debonding (LID)

8.3 Thin Film Patterning by Laser Induced Forward Transfer

8.4 GaN Film Lift-Off for High-Brightness LEDs and High Power Electronics

8.5 Dielectric Passivation Layer Opening for Interconnect Formation in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

8.6 Laser Induced Wafer Debonding for Advanced Packaging Applications

8.7 Summary

References

Chapter 9: Laser Surface Cleaning: Removal of Hard Thin Ceramic Coatings

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Chemical Etching of Hard Thin Coatings

9.3 Typical Experimental Set-Up for Excimer Laser Removal of Thin Coatings

9.4 Experimental Results on Excimer Laser Removal of Thin Coatings

9.5 Online Monitoring of Laser Coating Removal Process

9.6 Discussion of Excimer Laser Coating Removal Mechanisms

9.7 Finite Element Modelling of Excimer Laser Removal of Thin Coatings

9.8 Performance Evaluation of Laser Decoated Mechanical Tool

9.9 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 10: Laser Removal of Particles from Surfaces

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Dry Laser Cleaning (DLC)

10.3 Steam Laser Cleaning (SLC)

10.4 Laser Shock Cleaning (LSC)

10.5 Novel Laser Cleaning Techniques

10.6 Summary

Acknowledgements

References

Index

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover

Copyright

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Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541JBeverly, MA 01915-6106

Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects

The topics to be covered include, but not limited to, basic and theoretical aspects of adhesion; modeling of adhesion phenomena; mechanisms of adhesion; surface and interfacial analysis and characterization; unraveling of events at interfaces; characterization of interphases; adhesion of thin films and coatings; adhesion aspects in reinforced composites; formation, characterization and durability of adhesive joints; surface preparation methods; polymer surface modification; biological adhesion; particle adhesion; adhesion of metallized plastics; adhesion of diamond-like films; adhesion promoters; contact angle, wettability and adhesion; superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. With regards to adhesives, the Series will include, but not limited to, green adhesives; novel and high-performance adhesives; and medical adhesive applications.

Series Editor: Dr. K.L. Mittal P.O. Box 1280, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533, USA Email: [email protected]

Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

Laser Technology

Applications in Adhesion and Related Areas

Edited by

K.L. Mittal

Wei-Sheng Lei

This edition first published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA © 2018 Scrivener Publishing LLC For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-1-119-18493-5

Preface

The acronym Laser is derived from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The first theoretical description of stimulated emission of radiation was given by Einstein in 1917. However, it took four decades for the technical realization of a laser source when in 1960 T.H. Maiman developed a solid state ruby laser emitting red laser radiation. Since the advent of the ruby laser, there has been an exponential progress in designing many different lasers with unique and specific characteristics, as lasers have found myriad applications in a host of industries for a legion of purposes. In fact, lasers are ubiquitously used and here an eclectric catalog of examples where lasers have been used efficiently and effectively should suffice to underscore the widespread utility of lasers: mechanical engineering operations (e.g., micromachining), adhesion promotion, plastics welding, surface modification, dentistry, surgery, microelectronics, patterning, MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) and NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems).

Many laser parameters such as wavelength emitted, pulse duration, power, pulse repetition rate dictate the function and performance of a laser source. A panoply of laser sources is available for different tasks, and there is tremendous activity in ameliorating the existing laser sources as well as in devising more versatile and more efficient laser systems.

Considering the voluminous literature available dealing with laser science and technology, one will need a multi-volume compendium to cover all facets of lasers. However, in this book we have focused on the applications of laser technology in adhesion and allied areas. Lasers play a significant role in the domain of adhesion. For example, polymers are used for a chorus of industrial applications as polymers have a number of desirable bulk traits, but these materials suffer from lack of adhesion due to their low reactivity and low surface free energy. A number of different techniques (e.g., corona, plasma, flame, UV/ozone, wet chemical) are commonly harnessed to modify polymer surfaces and render them adhesionable. But laser surface treatment offers some distinctive features and advantages. These days one of the mantras is: green and laser technology offers a green (environmentally-benign) alternative without noxious emissions.

In the adhesion-related arena, two examples where lasers have played a very useful role can be cited as follows. One is directly from Nature’s treasure-trove and it is said that Nature does not waste time in trifling things and Nature is a great teacher. Here we are referring to the behavior and significant trait (self-cleaning) of the Lotus Leaf. Since the recognition/popularization of the Lotus Leaf Effect in 1997, there has been an explosive growth of interest in replicating the surface chemistry and topography of the Lotus Leaf using an array of techniques and in this venture laser technology has found much application. Another example is the removal of particles from surfaces. In the field of microelectronics, with the ever-shrinking feature size there is patent need to remove a few nanometer size particles and lasers have been found to be capable of removing such small particles. Apropos, the antonymous field of debonding has also benefited from the lasers, as lasers have been utilized to debond materials (e.g., thin films and coatings) from variegated substrates.

Now coming to this book which contains 10 chapters written by internationally renowned subject matter experts is divided into two parts: Part 1: Laser Surface Modification and Adhesion Enhancement, and Part 2: Other Applications. The topics covered include: Topographical modification of polymers and metals by laser ablation to create superhydrophobic surfaces; nonablative laser surface modification; laser surface engineering of materials to modulate their wetting behavior; laser surface modification to enhance adhesion; laser surface modification in dentistry; laser polymer welding; laser based adhesion testing technique to measure thin film-substrate interface toughness; laser induced thin film debonding for micro-device fabrication applications; laser surface removal of hard thin ceramic coatings; and laser removal of particles from surfaces.

This unique book should be of great interest, value and usefulness to those in materials science, chemistry, physics and engineering. The book is profusely illustrated and copiously referenced. The information consolidated in this book should be of much value and relevance to R&D personnel engaged in adhesion and adhesive bonding, surface modification (both physical and chemical) for a host of applications, polymer welding, cleaning (removal of hard thin coatings and nanometer size particles from surfaces), dentistry, device fabrication, micro and nanostructures formation, and unravelling thin film/substrate adhesion behavior.

Now comes the important and fun part of writing a Preface as it provides the opportunity to thank those who were instrumental in materializing this book. First and foremost, we are beholden to the authors for their interest, enthusiasm, unwavering cooperation and contributions which were a desideratum to bring out this book. Our appreciation is extended to Martin Scrivener (publisher) for his sustained commitment and steadfast support for this book project, and for giving this book a body form.

K. L. Mittal Hopewell Jct., NY, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Wei-Sheng Lei Applied Materials Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Part 1LASER SURFACE MODIFICATION AND ADHESION ENHANCEMENT

Chapter 1Topographical Modification of Polymers and Metals by Laser Ablation to Create Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Frank L. Palmieri* and Christopher J. Wohl

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract