Lithium Batteries E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Electrochemical Society Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 696

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Explains the current state of the science and points the way to technological advances First developed in the late 1980s, lithium-ion batteries now power everything from tablet computers to power tools to electric cars. Despite tremendous progress in the last two decades in the engineering and manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries, they are currently unable to meet the energy and power demands of many new and emerging devices. This book sets the stage for the development of a new generation of higher-energy density, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by advancing battery chemistry and identifying new electrode and electrolyte materials. The first chapter of Lithium Batteries sets the foundation for the rest of the book with a brief account of the history of lithium-ion battery development. Next, the book covers such topics as: * Advanced organic and ionic liquid electrolytes for battery applications * Advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries * Metal fluorosulphates capable of doubling the energy density of lithium-ion batteries * Efforts to develop lithium-air batteries * Alternative anode rechargeable batteries such as magnesium and sodium anode systems Each of the sixteen chapters has been contributed by one or more leading experts in electrochemistry and lithium battery technology. Their contributions are based on the latest published findings as well as their own firsthand laboratory experience. Figures throughout the book help readers understand the concepts underlying the latest efforts to advance the science of batteries and develop new materials. Readers will also find a bibliography at the end of each chapter to facilitate further research into individual topics. Lithium Batteries provides electrochemistry students and researchers with a snapshot of current efforts to improve battery performance as well as the tools needed to advance their own research efforts.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Series

Title Page

Copyright

Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1: Electrochemical Cells: Basics

1 ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND ION TRANSPORT

2 CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL

3 OHMIC LOSSES AND ELECTRODE KINETICS

4 CONCLUDING REMARKS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chapter 2: Lithium Batteries: from early stages to the future

1 INTRODUCTION

2 ADVENT OF THE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY

3 A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE

4 BEYOND THE HORIZON

REFERENCES

Chapter 3: Additives in Organic Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries

1 INTRODUCTION

2 LiPF6 SALT STABILIZERS

3 OVERCHARGE PROTECTORS

4 FLAME RETARDANTS

5 SYNERGY EFFECTS BETWEEN ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES

6 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 4: Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries with High-Voltage Cathodes

1 INTRODUCTION

2 OXIDATION REACTIONS OF THE ELECTROLYTE WITH TRADITIONAL METAL OXIDE CATHODE MATERIALS

3 THERMAL REACTIONS OF THE ELECTROLYTE WITH THE SURFACE OF METAL OXIDE CATHODES

4 FORMULATION OF ELECTROLYTES FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE MATERIALS

5 SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Chapter 5: Core–Shell Structure Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

1 INTRODUCTION

2 LAYER-STRUCTURED CORE–SHELL

3 LAYER-STRUCTURED CORE–SHELL PARTICLES WITH A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

4 SPHERICAL CORE–SHELL Li[(Li0.05Mn0.95)0.8(Ni0.25Mn0.75)0.2]2O4 SPINEL

5 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 6: Problems and expectancy in Lithium Battery technologies

1 INTRODUCTION

2 IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY STORAGE

3 DEVELOPMENT OF LITHIUM BATTERIES

4 DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES

5 PRODUCTION OF ELECTRODES FOR LITHIUM BATTERIES

6 SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Chapter 7: Fluorine-Based Polyanionic Compounds for High-Voltage Electrode Materials

1 INTRODUCTION

2 BRIEF HISTORY OF FLUORINE-BASED CATHODE MATERIALS

3 ALKALI METAL FLUOROPHOSPHATES

4 ALKALI METAL FLUOROSULFATES

5 PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Chapter 8: Lithium–Air and Other Batteries Beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries

1 INTRODUCTION

2 ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY-DENSITY BATTERIES

3 RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM–AIR BATTERIES

4 LITHIUM–AIR CELLS

5 SOLID-STATE LITHIUM–AIR BATTERIES

6 PERSPECTIVE

REFERENCES

Chapter 9: Aqueous Lithium–Air Systems

1 INTRODUCTION

2 LITHIUM–AIR POSITIVE ELECTRODES FOR AQUEOUS CATHOLYTE SYSTEMS

3 THE LITHIUM ANODE

4 ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS

5 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 10: Polymer electrolytes for lithium–air batteries

1 INTRODUCTION

2 INTERFACE RESISTANCE BETWEEN THE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE AND LITHIUM METAL

3 DENDRITE FORMATION AT THE LITHIUM METAL/POLYMER ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE

4 WATER-STABLE LITHIUM ELECTRODES WITH A POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BUFFER LAYER FOR LITHIUM–AIR BATTERIES

5 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 11: Kinetics of the Oxygen Electrode in Lithium–Air Cells

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETIC PATHS IN THE VARIOUS LITHIUM–AIR CELL TYPES

3 OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION KINETICS

4 OXYGEN EVOLUTION REACTION KINETICS

5 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 12: Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles

1 INTRODUCTION

2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 13: Li4Ti5O12 for High-Power, Long-Life, and Safe Lithium-Ion Batteries

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SYNTHESIS OF Li4Ti5O12

3 STRUCTURAL INSIGHT OF Li4Ti5O12

4 SUPERIOR ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF Li4Ti5O12-BASED LITHIUM-ION CHEMISTRY

5 UNMATCHED SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES USING Li4Ti5O12

6 CLOSING REMARKS

REFERENCES

Chapter 14: Safe Lithiium Rechargeable Batteries Based On Ionic Liquids

1 INTRODUCTION

2 IONIC LIQUIDS

3 LITHIUM-METAL RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES IN IONIC LIQUIDS

4 LITHIUM INTERCALATION RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES INVOLVING IONIC LIQUIDS: HQ WORK

5 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 15: Electrolytic Solutions for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

1 INTRODUCTION

2 ELECTROLYTES FOR RECHARGEABLE MAGNESIUM BATTERIES

3 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS WITH RESPECT TO SOLUTION PROPERTIES FOR RECHARGEABLE MAGNESIUM BATTERIES

4 KNOWLEDGE BASE CONCERNING THE MAJOR FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLUTIONS FOR RECHARGEABLE MAGNESIUM BATTERIES

5 PRINCIPAL SOLUTION SPECIES OBTAINED FROM THE REACTION OF ORGANOCHLOROALUMINUM AND ORGANOCHLOROMAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS

6 CORRELATION BETWEEN SOLUTION IONIC CONDUCTIVITY AND THE EQUILIBRIUM SOLUTION SPECIES

7 CORRELATION BETWEEN SOLUTION SPECIES AND THE METAL ELECTRODEPOSITED

8 ELECTROCHEMICAL STABILITY WINDOW OF THE SOLUTION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SOLUTION CHEMISTRIES

9 KINETICS, REVERSIBILITY, AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE MAGNESIUM DEPOSITION AND STRIPPING PROCESS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH THE SOLUTION SPECIES

10 SOLUTION CHEMICAL STABILITY AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

11 INSERTION OF MAGNESIUM IONS INTO INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS IN ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEX SALT SOLUTIONS

12 RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE OF MAGNESIUM ORGANOHALOALUMINATE SOLUTIONS CONTAINING PHENYL LIGANDS

13 SURVEY OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS ON ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS FOR RECHARGEABLE MAGNESIUM BATTERIES

14 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 16: Rechargeable Sodium and Sodium-Ion Batteries

1 INTRODUCTION

2 MODERATE-TEMPERATURE RECHARGEABLE SODIUM BATTERIES

3 RECHARGEABLE SODIUM BATTERIES WITH Na INSERTION CATHODES

4 PERSPECTIVES

REFERENCES

Index

The Electrochemical Society Series

THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES

ECS-The Electrochemical Society 65 South Main Street Pennington, NJ 08534-2839 http://www.electrochem.org

A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Lithium batteries : advanced technologies and applications / edited by Bruno Scrosati, K. M. Abraham, Walter van Schalkwijk, Jusef Hassoun.   pages cm.  Includes index.  ISBN 978-1-118-18365-6 (hardback) 1. Lithium cells. I. Scrosati, Bruno.  TK2945.L58L553 2013  621.31′2424–dc23 2012047246

CONTRIBUTORS

K. M. Abraham, Northeastern University Center of Renewable Energy Technology, Boston, Massachusetts

Khalil Amine, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois

Catia Arbizzani, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Metalli, Elettrochimica e Tecniche Chimiche, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

D. Aurbach, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel

P. Barpanda, Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

I. Belharouak, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois

Zonghai Chen, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois

Owen Crowther, MaxPower, Inc., Harleysville, Pennsylvania

Swapnil Dalavi, Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island

Libero Damen, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Metalli, Elettrochimica e Tecniche Chimiche, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Hubert Gasteiger, Chemistry Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

Y. Gofer, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel

A. Guerfi, Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, Canada

Juan Herranz, Chemistry Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

Nobuyuki Imanishi, Mie University, Tsu, Japan

Per Jacobsson, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden

Patrik Johansson, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden

K. Kanamura, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan

Amine Khalil, Electrochemical Technology Program, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois

Katharina Krischer, Physics Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

Mariachiara Lazzari, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Metalli, Elettrochimica e Tecniche Chimiche, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Brett L. Lucht, Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island

Marina Mastragostino, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Metalli, Elettrochimica e Tecniche Chimiche, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Seung-Taek Myung, Department of Nano Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea

Michele Piana, Chemistry Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

N. Pour, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel

Mark Salomon, MaxPower, Inc., Harleysville, Pennsylvania

Bruno Scrosati, Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy

Francesca Soavi, Dipartimento di Scienza dei Metalli, Elettrochimica e Tecniche Chimiche, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Yang-Kook Sun, Department of WCU Energy Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea

J.-M. Tarascon, Laboratoire de Reáctivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France

Nikolaos Tsiouvaras, Chemistry Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

A. Vijh, Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, Canada

Susanne Wilken, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden

Mengqing Xu, Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island

Osamu Yamamoto, Mie University, Tsu, Japan

K. Zaghib, Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec, Varennes, Québec, Canada