Living With Hearing Loss E-Book

Mirko Peters

• Herausgeber: Books on Demand
• Kategorie: Ratgeber
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2019

Seitenzahl: 114

Beschreibung

This little book will help you to get an overview about hearing loss. You can also regularly find new content at: hearing-aids.tips

Leseprobe

Living With Hearing Loss

IntroductionThe Hearing SystemThe Process of “Hearing”Understanding Hearing LossHearing loss treatmentsSymptoms, Why it Happens & How to Fix itHow to Prevent Hearing LossFoods that boost hearing: Be mindful of your mineralsConclusionImpressum

Introduction

Your hearing ability may contribute to how well you function in your daily life around relatives, friends and colleagues. It is of great importance to be aware of possible hearing limitations and seek treatment early on to deal effectively with any hearing loss. Untreated hearing loss may affect your social life, lower your quality of life and cause mental anguish. Hearing aids do not cure hearing loss, but in most cases they can help hearing impaired people live normal lives. For many hearing impaired people hearing aids open up a whole new world. In addition to the treatment with hearing aids the hearing impaired person can do much to overcome problems in communicating and hearing what others say.

Hearing loss is still perceived as an old people's affliction, even though data from around the world say something else. The misperception makes it socially hard to cope with hearing impairment, not least in the workplace.

The 2008 annual report from the national Swedish association of hearing impaired people, Hörselskadades Riksförbund, HRF, supports the perception that hearing problems are still stigmatizing. Among those perpetuating the stigma are the hearing impaired people, themselves, who are likely to be in denial about their condition. Often, their attitude is that they just have a bit of trouble hearing, whereas only old people suffer from actual hearing loss. According to the report, two in every three Swedes with hearing loss have had no contact with authorities who could help them. About half of this group with hearing impairment has been affected by their hearing loss for more than ten years. Many hearing impaired people avoid talking openly about their hearing problem because they are fearful of other people's reaction. If you suspect your hearing is not what it used to be, the

next step is to get your hearing evaluated by an audiologist. Using a “quick fix” approach like a personal sound amplifier may lead to further hearing loss due to a delay in diagnosis. An audiologist can quantify the degree of hearing loss you have and let you know whether you’re a good candidate for a hearing aid. A number of correctable factors can contribute to hearing loss, such as medications or ear blockage due to wax. You’ll never know unless you get evaluated.

Hearing loss can affect anyone at any age and the statistics according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders are astonishing: In the U.S., 15 percent of adults over the age of 18, or 37.5 million people, report having trouble hearing.

Of adults aged 65-74, 25 percent have a disabling hearing loss, and 50 percent of adults over the age of 75 have a disabling hearing loss.

Of babies born in the U.S., 2-3 of every 1,000 have a detectable hearing loss in at least one ear.

Of adults aged 20-69 who could benefit from wearing hearing aids, only 16 percent have tried them.

The average delay between the time someone is affected by hearing loss and when they finally seek treatment is a long 7 years.

Untreated hearing loss is associated with lower quality of life, depression, social isolation, unemployment and lower earnings at work, higher medical bills for other health issues, high blood pressure and even a higher risk of dangerous trips and falls. Hearing loss can have far-reaching implications for you and those close to you.

The good news? Hearing loss is well-understood, and there is plenty of hope and abundant help available. By seeking information here, you’ve taken a smart first step in getting the information and help you need. First of, let’s examine the hearing system.

The Hearing System

The anatomy of the hearing system can be divided into four components for our convenience in remembering the parts and associating these parts with their function. These divisions are the:

Outer ear

Middle ear

Inner ear

Central auditory pathways

The Outer Ear

Several structures comprise the outer ear. The most readily seen is the pinna, also called the auricle. The pinna is made up of a frame of cartilage that is covered with skin. The pinna has obvious folds, elevations, depressions and a prominent bowl - all of which vary somewhat from person to person but a basic pattern in these features is fairly universal among all people. The pinna acts as a funnel to collect and direct sound down the ear canal. It also serves to enhance some sounds through its resonance characteristics. Finally, it helps us to appreciate front-back sound localization.

The other structure of the outer ear is the external ear canal. The outer two-thirds of this canal has a cartilaginous framework, and the inner one-third is bony. The skin of the external ear canal is continuous with the skin of the pinna. The ear canal is curved, almost "S" shaped and averages about 1 inch in length in adults. The skin of ear canal has hairs (more prominent in some people) and glands that produce

wax called cerumen (also more prominent in some individuals than in others). This hair and cerumen serve a protective function for the ear canal. In addition, cerumen helps to lubricate the skin and keep it moist.

The Middle Ear

The middle ear begins at the inner end of the external auditory canal, specifically at the eardrum. Also called the tympanic membrane, the eardrum is a thin and delicate membrane stretched across the entire inner end of the ear canal separating the environment from the middle ear. Despite the delicacy of its structure, the tympanic membrane never stops working to transform fluctuations in air pressure known as sound into exact copies in the mechanical domain as vibrations.

On that inner side of the tympanic membrane is an air-filled space called the middle ear cavity. It contains the bones of hearing, two muscles, a number of ligaments, a small branch of the nerve of taste, and the opening of the Eustachian tube. The vibratory motions of the tympanic membrane are transmitted to the bones of hearing, also known as the ossicles or the ossicular chain. This ossicular chain articulates with the tympanic membrane through the lateral most bone called the malleus (hammer). The malleus then sends the mechanical vibrations to the incus (anvil), which in turn communicates with the inner most ossicle called the stapes (stirrup). These are the three smallest bones in the body, and, like the tympanic membrane, they never stop moving because they are constantly bombarded with sound, even while we're sleeping! Functionally, the tympanic membrane converts the acoustical energy of sound into an exact copy in the mechanical domain. The ossicles then convey this mechanical energy to the inner ear at the oval window

where the footplate of the stapes sits. It is at this location where the mechanical energy is then transformed into the hydraulic energy that the inner ear processes.

The ossicles are suspended from the roof of the middle ear cavity by tiny ligaments, and the malleus is connected to the tympanic membrane by a ligament, as well. In addition, there are two muscles located in the middle ear space. One is called the stapedius. It is attached to the stapes and contracts when very loud sounds are detected.

The opening for the Eustachian tube is located at the front wall of the middle ear cavity, and the other end opens in the upper, back part of the throat. The Eustachian tube is a muscular tunnel that opens and closes to provide fresh air to and drain debris from the middle ear space and to equalize the pressure between the environment and the middle ear space. It's what we try to "pop" when we're in an airplane, or an elevator, or in the mountains. Its functions are very important to maintaining the health of the middle ear space.

The Inner Ear

The inner ear has two divisions: one for hearing, the other for balance. The division for hearing consists of the cochlea and the nerve of hearing. The cochlea is snail- shaped, bony structure that contains three fluid-filled compartments that run the cochlea's entire length. One compartment is sandwiched between the other two, and it contains the sensory organ for hearing called the organ of Corti. The organ of Corti responds when the hydraulic energy of the cochlear fluid activates its tiny hair cells to release chemical messengers. These messengers then stimulate the nerves of hearing which carry sound stimuli to the brain. The pitch and loudness of

the original acoustic signal in the ear canal determine the exact location and the number of hair cells activated on the organ of Corti.

The balance mechanism is also called the vestibular system. It too is made up of a series of fluid-filled compartments (three semi-circular canals and two larger divisions) that contain the sense organs for balance and movement. The vestibular sensors detect angular movements, direction and velocity of the head. This information about equilibrium is sent to the brain by the vestibular nerves, a functionally separate division of the auditory vestibular nerve, the VIIIth cranial nerve.

Central Auditory Pathways

"Inner ear" is a collective term that encompasses the separate structures for hearing and balance. Once the auditory vestibular nerve reaches the brainstem, the balance system sends its information to brain structures responsible for processing this type of sensory information, whereas the hearing system sends its information to different parts of the brain specifically to extract the sound cues out of the electrical message brought by the nerves of hearing.

We can think of the central auditory pathways as being organized like circuits. There are short and long segments, all of which work together as the central auditory pathways or the central auditory nervous system. This system begins as the nerve of hearing enters the brainstem. From here, the neural pathway makes its way up to the cerebral cortex at the temporal lobe of the brain along the way switching back and forth from each side of the brainstem with neurons multiplying in number at each relay station along the circuit. Right ear information is directed to the left temporal lobe, and left ear information goes to the right temporal lobe.

In addition, there is a transfer of information from one side of the brain to the other. In most people, the left side of the brain processes speech and other complex language functions, whereas tonal stimuli and music are deciphered by the right side of the brain.

The Process of “Hearing”

Our ears work to transform the acoustic stimulus that travels down our ear canals into the type of neural code that our brains can recognize, process and understand. It all starts at the tympanic membrane where the physical attributes of the sound are transformed into a mechanical stimulus. This mechanical code is transmitted through the ossicular chain to the stapes footplate where the code is again transformed this time into hydraulic energy for transmission through the fluid-filled cochlea. Finally, when the cochlea's hair cells are stimulated by the fluid waves a neurochemical event takes place which excites the nerves of hearing. The physical characteristics of the original acoustic signal are preserved at every energy change along the way until this code becomes one that the central auditory pathways can direct to the temporal lobe of the brain for recognition and processing.

The brain and the relay stations along the central auditory pathways can extract not only the pitch and loudness features but also as other critical attributes such as temporal features (timing) and different cues from each ear. Features of the sound stimulus can be extracted, enhanced, and modulated and this information can be compared separately from each ear or combined into a single perception. These features can be compared to other acoustic patterns that are stored in the brain,

perhaps for the recognition of the voice of a family member or friend, or they can be the initial experience with a new sound or a new voice.

Our hearing systems anchor us to the soundscape of our environment with an incredible ability to detect and differentiate infinitesimally small acoustic cues. Our brains store the neural equivalents of acoustic patterns - voices, music, environmental sounds, danger signals - that make it easier to process and recognize both familiar and unfamiliar signals. Hearing loss misleads our brain with a loss of audibility (sounds are softer, not as loud) as well as a distortion of the information that reaches the brain. Changes in the effectiveness of the brain to process stimuli, through head trauma, neurologic disease or disorder, or the naturally occurring process of aging, can result in symptoms that mimic hearing loss - inattention, inappropriate responses, confusion, a disconnect from the those around us, for example. The ears and the brain combine in a truly remarkable way to process neural events into the sense of hearing and all that it encompasses. Perhaps it's fair to say that we "hear" with our brain, not with our ears!

Symptoms of hearing loss

The symptoms of hearing loss can vary depending on the type of hearing loss, the cause of hearing loss, and the degree of loss. In general, people who have hearing loss may experience any or all of the following:

Difficulty following conversations?

Ask others to repeat themselves?

Mumble or speak too fast?

It is difficult for you to hear and understand women and children?

Ringing in your ears?

Do you have a favorite ear?

Trouble hearing on the telephone?

Find yourself turning up the volume of your television?

Do others complain that you keep the volume of your television too loud?

Do you avoid noisy places?

Do you ever feel embarrassed about misunderstanding what others say to you?

Do you feel tired after listening in challenging environments?

The signs of hearing loss can be subtle and emerge slowly, or early signs of hearing loss can be significant and come about suddenly. Either way, there are common indications and hearing impaired signs. You should suspect hearing loss if you experience any of the signs below.

You might have hearing loss if you . . . Socially:

require frequent repetition.

have difficulty following conversations involving more than 2 people.

think that other people sound muffled or like they're mumbling.

have difficulty hearing in noisy situations, like conferences, restaurants, malls, or crowded meeting rooms.

have trouble hearing children and women.

have your TV or radio turned up to a high volume.

answer or respond inappropriately in conversations.

have ringing in your ears.

read lips or more intently watch people's faces when they speak with you. Emotionally:

feel stressed out from straining to hear what others are saying.

feel annoyed at other people because you can't hear or understand them.