LTE Services E-Book

Jean-Gabriel Remy

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 230

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is commonly marketed as 4G. LTE and LTE Advanced have been recognized by ITU-R and ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications) as the principal solution for the future mobile communication networks standards. They are thus the framework of what the marketing calls 4G and possibly also 5G.

This book describes various aspects of LTE as well as the change of paradigm, which it is bringing to mobile communications, focusing on LTE standards and architecture, OFDMA, the Full IP Core Network and LTE security.

Leseprobe

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Introduction

1 LTE Roll-Out

1.1. LTE air interface superior features

1.2. LTE FDD, TDD and TD-LTE duplex schemes

1.3. LTE UE category and class definitions

1.4. Interferences in OFDMA

1.5. Radio propagation software

1.6. Macrocells, microcells and femtocells

1.7. Backhaul

1.8. Frequency planning

1.9. Compatibility with DTT

1.10. Health effects

2 Operation and Maintenance

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Load tests

2.3. Use of protocol analyzer: example of MAPS system

2.4. Appendix: TS of SA5 working group of 3GPP TSG SA

3 OTT Services

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Technical view of OTT services

3.3. OTT services challenging TV telecommunication services

3.4. OTT services other than television

3.5. Open applications versus verticalization

Conclusion

C.1 Introduction

C.2. Market forecast

C.3. Observed performances of LTE in already working networks

Bibliography

Index

First published 2014 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd

27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUK

www.iste.co.uk

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USA

www.wiley.com

© ISTE Ltd 2014

The rights of Jean-Gabriel Remy and Charlotte Letamendia to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014947876

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA CIP record for this book is available from the British LibraryISBN 978-1-84821-787-4

List of Figures

INTRODUCTION

I.1. LTE and LTE Advanced logo

I.2. The LTE project: milestones. Short history of the birth of a worldwide standard

I.3. 3GGP logo

CHAPTER 1

1.1. Use of MIMO techniques in LTE

1.2. General outline of MIMO system

1.3. Tx Rx

1.4. Beamforming and spatial multiplexing combination

1.5. Multisite MIMO scenario

1.6. Control and data

1.7. Joint processing techniques

1.8. Bandwidth aggregation in contiguous bandwidth, single spectrum band

1.9. Bandwidth aggregation in non-contiguous bandwidth, single spectrum banda

1.10. Bandwidth aggregation in non-contiguous bandwidth, multiple spectrum bands

1.11. Basic relay scheme for LTE-A

1.12. RN improving coverage

1.13. RN extending coverage

1.14. RN with cooperation/coordination

1.15. Uplink and downlink transmission directions

1.16. Frequencies in France

1.17. Frequencies in France

1.18. Frequencies in France

1.19. Smartphone

1.20. Interference mechanism in the OFDMA

1.21. Intra-/inter-site correlation

1.22. Effective system bandwidth

1.23. Illustration of the emission spectrum mask in UL for an LTE transmission

1.24. SNR

1.25. ACLR for a 20 MHz eUTRA UE aggressor to a MHz eUTRA UE victims (TR 36.942)

1.26. Femtocell at home

1.27. Hotspot femtocells

1.28. Offcentering the radio head

1.29. Unified backhaul and core network in 2G/2.5G/3G/4G networks

1.30. Architecture

1.31. TDM and ATM PWE3 backhaul with layer 2 interworking

1.32. IP NodeB layer 2 VPN deployment option

1.33. IP NodeB layer 3/MPLS VPN deployment option

1.34. LTE/EPC reference architecture

1.35. LTE/EPC layer 2 VPN connectivity operating modes

1.36. Frequencies

1.37. Absorption of radio waves by liquid water

1.38. Illustration for noise

1.39. Examples of measurements

1.40. Base station narrow beam

CHAPTER 2

2.1. Slotted-Aloha behavior

2.2. Increase of repetitions as traffic increases Stationary situation

2.3. r around 0, 1

2.4. r low value

2.5. Interfaces to be monitored

2.6. Control plane for S1-MME interface

2.7. LTE-S1 signaling scenario (messages between eNodeB (eNB) and MME)

2.8. MAPS as eNodeB

2.9. Call generation at eNodeB node

2.10. MAPS as MME

2.11. Call reception at MME

CHAPTER 3

3.1. 2013 turnover of major OTT players in M$ (logarithmic scale)

3.2. Architecture HTML5 by Opera

3.3. OTT SWIPE® – Over-the-top TV for telecom operators

3.4. Skype

3.5. WhatsApp

3.6. Viber

3.7. Compared traffic SMS versus OTT

3.8. Video on Internet traffic

3.9. Mobile cloud computing

3.10. LBS

3.11. Location-based services

3.12. Location services architecture

CONCLUSION

C.1. LTE forecast by the end of 2013

C.2. Band of frequencies

C.3. Adoption of LTE technology as of 5 December 2013

C.4. Forecast frequency bands around the world as of 2013

C.5. Known projects

C.6. Mobile subscriptions

C.7. Mobile subscription forecast by the end of 2019

C.8. Devices

C.9. GSA analysis of the LTE terminal market end 2013

C.10. 4G throughput goals as they apply to LTE were represented in the standard community by this picture nicknamed “the van” for its shape: it shows throughout evolution goals as a function of mobility speed

C.11. Services offered on smartphones

C.12. Mean downlink taken from the 10% faster test measured

C.13. Mean downlink

C.14. Mean uplink

List of Tables

INTRODUCTION

I.1. Mobile broadband explosion

CHAPTER 1

1.1. TDD LTE AND FDD LTE duplex format parameter

1.2. Bands and frequencies

1.3. TDD LTE bands and frequencies

1.4. Headline data rates for LTE UE categories

1.5. UL and DL parameters for LTE UE categories

1.6. Parameters

1.7. ICNIRP basic restrictions on exposure

1.8. ICNIRP basic restrictions on exposure: for head and trunck

1.9. General public exposure

1.10. Microwave SAR versus mobile phone SAR

1.11. Mobile phone SAR: typical SAR with phone near the head

1.12. SAR

1.13. SAR at 1 m

1.14. Example of different towers

1.15. Safety limits – proximity devices

CHAPTER 2

2.1. Standards

CONCLUSION

C.1. UL/DL

Introduction

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is commonly marketed as fourth generation (4G). LTE and LTE Advanced have been recognized by International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunications (ITU-R) and International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications (ITU-T) as the principal solution for the future mobile communication networks standards. Thus, they are the framework of what marketing calls 4G and maybe also fifth generation (5G). They have registered logos:

Figure I.1.LTE and LTE Advanced logo

It seems interesting to look at the evolution of mobile communication systems from their appearance upto LTE. This move has obviously been driven by commercial motivations as well as by the extraordinary improvement of microelectronics, especially from the 1960s to the present day. Functionalities, computing power and miniaturization have drastically progressed, while cost has constantly decreased.

I.1. Mobile communication systems: 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G

In this short introduction, many mobile communication systems will be omitted: