LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 840

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

A technological overview of LTE and WiMAX

LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis provides a practical guide to LTE and WiMAX technologies introducing various tools and concepts used within. In addition, topics such as traffic modelling of IP-centric networks, RF propagation, fading, mobility, and indoor coverage are explored; new techniques which increase throughput such as MIMO and AAS technology are highlighted; and simulation, network design and performance analysis are also examined. Finally, in the latter part of the book Korowajczuk gives a step-by-step guide to network design, providing readers with the capability to build reliable and robust data networks.

By focusing on LTE and WiMAX this book extends current network planning approaches to next generation wireless systems based on OFDMA, providing an essential resource for engineers and operators of fixed and wireless broadband data access networks. With information presented in a sequential format, LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis aids a progressive development of knowledge, complementing latter graduate and postgraduate courses while also providing a valuable resource to network designers, equipment vendors, reference material, operators, consultants, and regulators.

Key Features:

• One of the first books to comprehensively explain and evaluate LTE
• Provides an unique explanation of the basic concepts involved in wireless broadband technologies and their applications in LTE, WiMAX, and WLAN before progressing to the network design
• Demonstrates the application of network planning for LTE and WiMAX with theoretical and practical approaches
• Includes all aspects of system design and optimization, such as dynamic traffic simulations, multi-layered traffic analysis, statistical interference analysis, and performance estimations

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

List of Figures

List of Tables

About the Author

Preface

Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations

Introduction

Chapter 1: The Business Plan

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Market Plan

1.3 The Engineering Plan

1.4 The Financial Plan

1.5 Business Case Questionnaire

1.6 Implementing the Business Plan

Chapter 2: Data Transmission

2.1 History of the Internet

2.2 Network Modeling

2.3 Internet Network Architecture

2.4 The Physical Layer

2.5 The Data Link Layer

2.6 Network Layer

2.7 Transport Protocols

2.8 Routing Protocols

2.9 Application Protocols

2.10 The World Wide Web (WWW)

Chapter 3: Market Modeling

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Data Traffic Characterization

3.3 Service Plan (SP) and Service Level Agreement (SLA)

3.4 User Service Classes

3.5 Applications

3.6 Over-Subscription Ratio (OSR)

3.7 Services Summary

3.8 RF Environment

3.9 Terminals

3.10 Antenna Height

3.11 Geographic User Distribution

3.12 Network Traffic Modeling

3.13 KPI (Key Performance Indicator) Establishment

3.14 Wireless Infrastructure

Chapter 4: Signal Processing Fundamentals

4.1 Digitizing Analog Signals

4.2 Digital Data Representation in the Frequency Domain (Spectrum)

4.3 Orthogonal Signals

4.4 Combining Shifted Copies of a Sine Wave

4.5 Carrier Modulation

Chapter 5: RF Channel Analysis

5.1 The Signal

5.2 The RF Channel

5.3 RF Signal Propagation

5.4 RF Channel in the Frequency Domain

5.5 RF Channel in Time Domain

5.6 RF Channel in the Power Domain

5.7 Standardized Channel Models

5.8 RF Environment

5.9 Fading

Chapter 6: RF Channel Performance Prediction

6.1 Advanced RF Propagation Models

6.2 RF Measurements and Propagation Model Calibration

6.3 RF Interference Issues

6.4 Interference Mitigation Techniques

6.5 RF Spectrum Usage and Resource Planning

6.6 Availability

Chapter 7: OFDM

7.1 Multiplexing

7.2 Other PAPR Reduction Methods

7.3 De-Multiplexing

7.4 Cyclic Prefix

7.5 OFDMA

7.6 Duplexing

7.7 Synchronization

7.8 RF Channel Information Detection

7.9 Error Correction Techniques

7.10 Resource Allocation and Scheduling

7.11 Establishing Wireless Data Communications

Chapter 8: OFDM Implementation

8.1 Transmit Side

8.2 Receive Side

Chapter 9: Wireless Communications Network (WCN)

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Wireless Access Network

9.3 Core Network

Chapter 10: Antenna and Advanced Antenna Systems

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Antenna Basics

10.3 Antenna Radiation

10.4 Antenna Types

10.5 Antenna Characteristics

10.6 Multiple Antennas Arrangements

10.7 Receive Diversity

10.8 Transmit Diversity

10.9 Transmit and Receive Diversity (TRD)

10.10 Spatial Multiplexing (Matrix B)

10.11 Diversity Performance

10.12 Antenna Array System (AAS), Advanced Antenna System (AAS) or Adaptive Antenna Steering (AAS) or Beamforming

Chapter 11: Radio Performance

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Input RF Noise

11.3 Receive Circuit Noise

11.4 Signal to Noise Ratio

11.5 Radio Sensitivity Calculations

11.6 Radio Configuration

Chapter 12: Wireless LAN

12.1 Standardization

12.2 Architecture

12.3 The IEEE Std 802.11-2007

12.4 Enhancements for Higher Throughputs, Amendment 5: 802.11n-2009

12.5 Work in Progress

12.6 Throughput

Chapter 13: WiMAX

13.1 Standardization

13.2 Network Architecture

13.3 Physical Layer (PHY)

13.4 Multiple Access OFDMA

13.5 WiMAX Network Layers

13.6 WiMAX Operation Phases

13.7 WiMAX Interference Reduction Techniques

13.8 WiMAX Resource Planning

Chapter 14: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System—Long Term Evolution (UMTS-LTE)

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Standardization

14.3 Frequency Bands

14.4 Architecture

14.5 Wireless Message Flow and Protocol Stack

14.6 Wireline Message Flow and Protocol Stacks

14.7 Identifiers

14.8 HARQ Procedure

14.9 Scrambling Sequences

14.10 Physical Layer (PHY)

14.11 PHY Structure

14.12 PHY TDD

14.13 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)

14.14 Call Placement Scenario

14.15 PHY Characteristics and Performance

14.16 Multiple Antennas in LTE

14.17 Resource Planning in LTE

14.18 Self-Organizing Network (SON)

14.19 RAT (Radio Access Technology) Internetworking

14.20 LTE Radio Propagation Channel Considerations

14.21 Handover Procedures in LTE

14.22 Measurements

14.23 LTE Practical System Capacity

14.24 Synchronization

14.25 Beyond 4G

Chapter 15: Broadband Standards Comparison

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Performance Tables

Chapter 16: Wireless Network Design

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Wireless Market Modeling

16.3 Wireless Network Strategy

16.4 Wireless Network Design

16.5 Wireless Network Optimization

16.6 Wireless Network Performance Assessment

Chapter 17: Wireless Market Modeling

17.1 Findings Phase

17.2 Area of Interest (AoI) Modeling

17.3 Terrain Databases (GIS Geographic Information System)

17.4 Demographic Databases

17.5 Service Modeling

17.6 Environment Modeling

17.7 User Terminal Modeling

17.8 Service Class Modeling

17.9 User Distribution Modeling

17.10 Traffic Distribution Modeling

Chapter 18: Wireless Network Strategy

18.1 Define Spectrum Usage Strategy

18.2 Deployment Strategy

18.3 Core Equipment

18.4 Base Station Equipment

18.5 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

18.6 Link Budget

18.7 Backhaul Equipment

18.8 Land Line Access Points of Presence (PoP)

18.9 List of Available Site Locations

Chapter 19: Wireless Network Design

19.1 Field Measurement Campaign

19.2 Measurement Processing

19.3 Propagation Models and Parameters

19.4 Site Location

19.5 Run Initial Site Predictions

19.6 Static Traffic Simulation

19.7 Adjust Design for Area and Traffic Coverage

19.8 Configure Backhaul Links and Perform Backhaul Predictions

19.9 Perform Signal Level Predictions with Extended Radius

Chapter 20: Wireless Network Optimization

20.1 Cell Enhancement or Footprint Optimization

20.2 Resource Optimization

Chapter 21: Wireless Network Performance Assessment

21.1 Perform Dynamic Traffic Simulation

21.2 Performance

21.3 Perform Network Performance Predictions

21.4 Backhaul Links Performance

21.5 Analyze Performance Results, Analyze Impact on CAPEX, OPEX and ROI

Chapter 22: Basic Mathematical Concepts Used in Wireless Networks

22.1 Circle Relationships

22.2 Numbers and Vectors

22.3 Functions Decomposition

22.4 Sinusoids

22.5 Fourier Analysis

22.6 Statistical Probability Distributions

Appendix

Appendix

List of Equations

Further Reading

Index

This edition first published 2011

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DISCLAIMER

Neither the Author nor John Wiley & Sons, Ltd accept any responsibility or liability for loss or damage occasioned to any person through the use of the materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained herein, or acting or refraining from acting as a result from such use. The author and Publisher expressly disclaim all implied warranties, including satisfactory quality or fitness for any particular purpose.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Korowajczuk, Leonhard.

LTE, WIMAX, and WLAN network design, optimization, and performance analysis / Leonhard Korowajczuk.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-470-74149-8 (cloth)

1. Wireless LANs. 2. IEEE 802.16 (Standard) 3. Long-Term Evolution (Telecommunications) I. Title.

TK5105.78.K67 2011

004.6—dc22

2011007547

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Print ISBN: 9780470741498

ePDF ISBN: 9781119970477

oBook ISBN: 9781119970460

ePub ISBN: 9781119971443

eMobi ISBN: 9781119971450

I dedicate this book to my wife, Eliani, to my children, Cristine, Monica and Leonardo, my grandchildren, Julia, Paulo and Patrick and in memoria to my parents, Aleksander and Klara.

List of Figures

Figure 1.1Business planFigure 1.2Planning tool predictionFigure 1.3Financial planning tool screenshotsFigure 2.1OSI network modeling reference layersFigure 2.2OSI and Internet network modeling reference layersFigure 2.3Internet network architectureFigure 2.4Ethernet packet formatFigure 2.5Ethernet MAC addressFigure 2.6Transmission control protocol headerFigure 3.1Data speed and tonnage parametersFigure 3.2Guaranteed target tonnage (IPDT) per cumulative usersFigure 3.3Single user traffic statisticsFigure 3.4Small enterprise traffic statisticsFigure 3.5Web browsing application characterization—session levelFigure 3.6Web browsing application characterization—burst levelFigure 3.7Web browsing application characterization—packet levelFigure 3.8Application or service group characterization—simplified dialogFigure 3.9Sample dialog box for user environment configurationFigure 3.10User terminal height above groundFigure 3.11Sample dialog box for user terminal configurationFigure 3.12Sample dialog box for user terminal radio configurationFigure 3.13Permutation and zones configurationFigure 3.14MIMO and antenna steering techniquesFigure 3.15Sample table for RX performance analysisFigure 3.16Customer distribution in different environmentsFigure 3.17Horizontal distribution of customers (regions)Figure 3.18Horizontal distribution of users after spreading by morphologyFigure 3.19Vertical distribution of customersFigure 3.20Customer encapsulationFigure 3.21Height grouping illustrationFigure 3.22Hourly traffic variationFigure 3.23Service class representation in prediction tool dialog boxFigure 3.24Point-to-point infrastructureFigure 3.25Point-to-multi-point infrastructureFigure 4.1Sampled waveformFigure 4.2Spectrum of a sampled waveformFigure 4.3Reconstructed waveformFigure 4.4Square wave as a sum of sine wavesFigure 4.5RZ and NRZ representationFigure 4.6Spectrum of a 0.5 s duration pulse (sinc function)Figure 4.7Spectrum of a 1 s duration pulse (sinc function)Figure 4.8Spectrum of a 2 s duration pulse (sinc function)Figure 4.9Sinc function attenuation from center expressed in number of subcarriersFigure 4.10Sum of sine wavesFigure 4.11Shifted sine waves and combined sine waveFigure 4.12Shifted and attenuated sine waves and combined sine waveFigure 4.13Polar and rectangular constellationFigure 4.14Amplitude and phase modulation using I and Q waveforms for QPSKFigure 4.15Amplitude and phase modulation using I and Q waveforms for 16QAMFigure 4.16Modulation constellations for BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAMFigure 4.17BPSK modulation of data bits 10110Figure 4.18QPSK modulation of data bits 1011000110Figure 4.1916QAM modulation of 10110000101101101011Figure 4.2064QAM modulation of 101010000111110110100000010101Figure 4.21I and Q modulationFigure 4.22IF modulation of I and Q signalsFigure 5.1Carrier sine wave and symbol pulseFigure 5.2Carrier symbol-carrier sine wave multiplied by symbol pulseFigure 5.3Spectrum of a phase-modulated carrierFigure 5.4Unfiltered between symbols phase transitionFigure 5.5Filtered between symbols phase transitionFigure 5.6Frequency response of a raised cosine filterFigure 5.7Impulse response of a raised cosine filterFigure 5.8Frequency response of a square root raised cosine filterFigure 5.9OFDM signal in the frequency domainFigure 5.10OFDM signal in the time domainFigure 5.11RF channel representation in frequency, time and power domainsFigure 5.12Free space propagation loss for different frequenciesFigure 5.13Fresnel zone depictionFigure 5.14Electrical field direction in relation to antenna polarizationFigure 5.15Reflected power factor for parallel incidenceFigure 5.16Reflected power factor for perpendicular incidenceFigure 5.17Multipath depictionFigure 5.18Multipath components arrival timesFigure 5.19Main signal and a 90° multipath combinationFigure 5.20Main signal and a 135° multipath combinationFigure 5.21Main signal and a 180° multipath combinationFigure 5.22RMS power of the sum of same amplitude main signal and its multipathFigure 5.23RMS power of the sum of main signal and its 50% amplitude multipathFigure 5.24Channel multipath avoidance maximum distanceFigure 5.25Channel multipath avoidance maximum distance (detail)Figure 5.26Fading classificationFigure 5.27Fading at low speedFigure 5.28Fading at high speedFigure 5.29Variation of transmitted power with distance and modulation schemes for free spaceFigure 5.30Ricean distributionFigure 5.31Ricean k factor (Ricean distribution) plotFigure 5.32Environment configuration dialogueFigure 5.33Rain precipitation mapFigure 5.34Fading configurationFigure 6.1Geographical grid with 15 arc second resolutionFigure 6.2Geographical grid with 1 arc second resolutionFigure 6.3Geographical grid with 1 arc second resolution and interpolation between binsFigure 6.4Morphology carving processFigure 6.5Antenna height referencesFigure 6.6Magnetic declination chart for 2005Figure 6.7Terrain geographical profile showing the Fresnel zoneFigure 6.8Terrain geographical profile for Lee's modelFigure 6.9Legend for propagation loss profileFigure 6.10Fractional morphology conceptFigure 6.11Fractional morphology parameters for Lee's modelFigure 6.12Longitudinal waveFigure 6.13Sound motion through air moleculesFigure 6.14Wave propagation over morphologyFigure 6.15Fresnel zone representationFigure 6.16Diffraction considering terrain and morphology