Lung Cancer E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 403

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Lung Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach provides clinicians with a comprehensive text that can be used when caring for patients with lung cancer throughout the entire patient journey. This edited collection explores the aetiology of lung cancer; mesothelioma; the range of available treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy; surgical care; supportive and end-of-life care; quality-of-life issues; and the role of the nurse within the multidisciplinary team.

• A comprehensive, evidence-based guide to lung cancer
• Illustrative case studies used throughout
• Contributions from respected healthcare professionals in the field
• Interprofessional in focus

Lung Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach is an essential resource for all nurses and healthcare professionals working with cancer patients.

Leseprobe

Contents

Contributors

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1 Introduction to Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Introduction

Epidemiology and causes of lung cancer

Overview of the types of lung cancer

Delivering cancer services and the multidisciplinary team

Meeting information needs

Summary

Chapter 2 The Presentation and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Introduction

Clinical features of lung cancer

Paraneoplastic syndromes

Risk factors for lung cancer

Performance status

Investigation of lung cancer

Staging of lung cancer

An algorithm for the diagnosis and staging of non-small-cell lung cancer

Mesothelioma

Summary

Chapter 3 Chemotherapy and Biological Agents

Introduction

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC

Addition of targeted therapies to chemotherapy in NSCLC

Chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer

Mesothelioma

Summary

Chapter 4 Lung Radiotherapy

Introduction

Principles of radiotherapy

The use of radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer

The use of radiotherapy in small-cell lung cancer

Palliative radiotherapy

Management of patients during radiotherapy

New techniques under evaluation

Summary

Chapter 5 Surgery for Lung Cancer

Introduction

The role of the surgeon

Reaching decisions about surgery

Surgery for cancers of the lung

The role of adjuvant treatment in NSCLC

Palliative surgical procedures

Carcinoid tumours and neuroendocrine cancer

Surgery for small-cell lung cancer

Bronchoalveolar cell cancer

Postoperative complications, rehabilitation follow-up

The multidisciplinary team in postsurgical care

Summary

Chapter 6 The Nursing Care of Patients with Lung Cancer

Introduction

What are the important issues in relation to lung cancer nursing?

Context of lung cancer services

The challenges of lung cancer

The role of the specialist nurse

Summary

Chapter 7 Supportive Care in Lung Cancer

Introduction

Supportive care

Communicating the ‘diagnosis’

Attitudes towards cancer

Uncertainty

Psychological distress

A family-centred approach to care

Improving the patient experience: care across the pathway

Summary

Chapter 8 End of Life Care

Introduction

Palliative and end of life care

Dying in the twenty-first century

Diagnosing dying

Managing complex ethical dilemmas

Planning care for the patient dying from lung cancer

Summary

Chapter 9 Quality of Life in Lung Cancer

Introduction

Cancer: the journey, the individual and society

Doing the work of cancer and quality of life

Towards an understanding of the meaning of quality of life in lung cancer

Quality of life in advanced lung cancer: instruments used to measure health-related quality of life

Summary

Index

This edition first published 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.© 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Lung cancer : a multidisciplinary approach / edited by A. Leary.p. ; cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4051-8075-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)I. Leary, A. (Alison), RN.[DNLM: 1. Lung Neoplasms. WF 658]616.99′424–dc23

2011035252

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Contributors

Dawn Carnell, MB, BS, BSc, MRCP, FRCRConsultant Clinical Oncologist, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKNeil Cartwright, MA, MRCSEd, PhDSpecialty Registrar Cardiothoracic Surgery, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UKAman S. Coonar, MD, MRCP, FRCSConsultant Thoracic Surgeon, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UKMichael Coughlan, MSc, PG Dip, DPSN, RGN, RMN, FHEAProgramme Leader, Royal Marsden School of Cancer Nursing and Rehabilitation, London, UKKay Eaton, MSc, RGNConsultant Nurse in Cancer and Supportive Care, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKAlison Leary, BSc Hons, MA, MSc, PhD, RNVisiting Lecturer, Kings College London, London, UKSiow Ming Lee, PhD, FRCPProfessor of Medical Oncology and Consultant Medical Oncologist, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKSally Moore, BSc (Hons), MSc, RGNNursing Research Fellow, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UKNeal Navani, MA, MRCP, MSc, PhDConsultant in Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKNita Patel, MBBS, BSc, MRCP (UK), FRCRConsultant Clinical Oncologist, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UKFharat A. Raja, BM, BCh, MRCPSpecialist Registrar, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKStephen G. Spiro, BSc, MD, FRCPProfessor of Respiratory Medicine, Honorary Consultant, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Acknowledgements

The Editor wishes to thank all of the contributing authors.

The book would not have been possible without the help and advice of many other experts in the field:

Julia Solano and Linda Harvey, the Radiotherapy Service, University College London NHS Foundation Trust for their assistance.The Lung MDT at The Royal Brompton Hospital for the use of their image and for support.Maria Guerin and Liz Darlinson of the National Forum for Lung Cancer Nurses.The assistance of the press and media offices of Varian Medical Systems, Inc.Macmillan Cancer Support and the Cancer Research UK statistical team for the use of images.Angie Kyriacou and Rose Grant for their help in preparation of the manuscript.Jim McCarthy, Commissioning Editor.Magenta Styles and Alexandra McGregor from Wiley-Blackwell Publishers.Susan Oliver and Professor Jeffrey Tobias for their advice and encouragement.Professor Leonard Wutang as a sounding board for ideas.My friends and family for their tolerance, and especially Geoff Punshon for his ongoing support.

Alison Leary

Chapter 1

Introduction to Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Alison Leary

Key points

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer worldwide and the most common cause of cancer death in the UK.The causes of lung cancer are multifactorial but there is a strong and established link with tobacco. Increasingly women who are never smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer.Despite high levels of service improvement in cancer, there remains variability in the level of care provided to people with lung cancer.

Introduction

Malignant disease of the lung is a rare condition. The Middlesex Hospital Reports show only 890 cases of cancer of the Lung, 317 found at post mortem examination since records began…. As for prognosis a fatal termination is inevitable with average duration of the disease [life expectancy] to be 13.2 months.

Fowler and Rickman (1898), Diseases of the Lung

Lung cancer is currently the most common form of cancer worldwide…life expectancy is usually between three to seven months from diagnosis.

From Boyle et al. (2000), Textbook of Lung Cancer

From being a virtually unknown disease at the end of the nineteenth century, lung cancer has become the most common worldwide cancer. In just over 100 years lung cancer has become a modern epidemic. Thought to account for over 3 000 000 deaths each year worldwide and 33 400 deaths in the UK from the 39 000 diagnosed (Cancer Research UK (CRUK) 2010a) and with a 5-year survival rate of only 8–11% overall.

Five-year survival from lung cancer has barely improved in the last 30 years (Spiro and Silvestri 2005) but there has been a decline in deaths in the male population and an increase in female deaths. In contrast, 1-year survival has improved to some degree. In England and Wales 1-year survival in men with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) rose from 15% in the 1970s to 25% in 2000/2001 (Coleman et al. 2004).

Average 5-year survival in the UK is 8.95%, which can be broken down by country:

England (8.6%)Scotland (8.0%)Northern Ireland (10.2%)Wales (9.0%)

This is compared with 12.3% average in Europe (Berrino et al. 2007) and 15% in the USA (Reis et al. 2004). Surgical resection of lung cancer is the primary management, but the vast majority of patients with lung cancer present at a stage that is too advanced for surgery. Surgical resection rates are lower in the UK (11%) than Europe (17%) and North America (21%) (CRUK 2010a).

It is hoped that development of targeted therapies, earlier detection and increased opportunity for surgical intervention may improve the survival rate in lung cancer.

Epidemiology and causes of lung cancer

Until recently – as late as the 1990s – lung cancer was the most frequently occurring cancer in the UK. It has now been overtaken by breast cancer but is still the cause of 1 in 7 of all new cancer cases and 1 in 5 cancer deaths. In 2007, 39 473 people were diagnosed with lung cancer (CRUK 2010b). Most cases of lung cancer (approximately 86%) occur in people over the age of 60 years; the peaking age is 75–84 years (). Lung cancer accounts for 15% of all new male cancers and 12% of all new female cancers in the UK (CRUK 2010b). Lifetime risk of developing lung cancer is 1 in 14 for men and 1 in 21 for women in the UK.