Marine Algae Extracts E-Book

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Seitenzahl: 1403

Beschreibung

A modern handbook on algae biotechnology covering everything from cultivation to harvesting and processing to product extraction and formulation. Current and future applications of algae extracts in pharmacology, medicine, cosmetics, food and agriculture are described.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Related Titles

Title Page

Copyright

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Volume 1

Chapter 1: Introduction of Marine Algae Extracts

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Algal Biomass as a Useful Resource

1.3 Biologically Active Compounds Extracted from Algae

1.4 The Application of Products Derived from Algal Biomass

1.5 Extraction Technology

1.6 Conclusions

References

Part I: Cultivation and Identification of Marine Algae

Chapter 2: Identification and Ecology of Macroalgae Species Existing in Poland

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Collection of Macroalgal Thalli and Culture Conditions

2.3 Macroalgae Forming a Large Biomass in Inland Waters of Poland

2.4 Ecology Aspects of Freshwater Macroscopic Algae

2.5 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3: Identification of Microalgae Producers of Commercially Important Compounds

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Microalgae for Human Consumption

3.3 Microalgae for Aquaculture and Animal Farms

3.4 Microalgae for Biofuels

3.5 Molecular Identification of Microalgae

3.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 4: Cultivation and Identification of Microalgae (Diatom)

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Materials and Methods

4.3 Algal Culture Conditions

4.4 Conclusion

References

Part II: Production and Processing of Marine Algae

Chapter 5: Analysis of Green Algae Extracts

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Algae Biomass as a Raw Material of Natural Chemical Compounds

5.3 Methods of Extraction of Biochemical from Algae Biomass

5.4 Analytical Procedures

5.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 6: Algae Extract Production Methods and Process Optimization

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Production Methods

6.3 Analytical Methods Used for Extract Production Process Control

6.4 Process Optimization

6.5 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 7: Production of Seaweed Extracts by Biological and Chemical Methods

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Production of Algal Extracts with Different Methods

7.3 Pretreatment of Algal Biomass and Extraction Procedure

7.4 Algal Extracts Obtained by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

7.5 Algal Extracts Obtained by Chemical Hydrolysis

7.6 Comparison of Extraction Methods of Biologically Active Compounds from Seaweeds

7.7 Evaluation of the Activities of Algal Extracts Obtained by the Extraction with Organic Solvent

7.8 The Application of Water Extracts from Seaweeds

7.9 Examples of Commercial Products Obtained by Extraction form Seaweeds

7.10 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 8: Upstream Processing in the Technology of Algal Extracts: Biomass Harvesting and Preparation for Extraction Process

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Marine Vegetation from Baltic Sea as Source Material

8.3 The Technology of Raw Marine Biomass Preparation for Supercritical Fluid Extraction

8.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 9: Downstream Processing in the Technology of Algal Extracts – From the Component to the Final Formulations

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Final Formulation

9.3 Definition of an Emulsion

9.4 The Method to Produce an Emulsion Based on Algae Extract

9.5 Stability of Algae Extract Emulsion

9.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 10: Algae Biomass as a Raw Material for Production of Algal Extracts

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Cell Wall

10.3 Methods of Obtaining the Biomass of Algae

10.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 11: Algal Extracts as Plant Growth Biostimulants

11.1 Introduction

11.2 The Development of Fertilizers Industry

11.3 Plant Biostimulants

11.4 Potential Benefits Arising from the Use of Plant Growth Biostimulants

11.5 The Market of Biostimulants

11.6 Seaweed Biomass as a Source for the Production of Algae Based Fertilizers

11.7 Algae as the Resource for Biostimulants Production

11.8 Methods of Production of Commercial Biostimulants from Algae

11.9 Characteristics of Biostimulants Derived from Algae

11.10 Current Market of Algal Plant Growth Stimulants

11.11 Perspectives

11.12 Regulations

11.13 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 12: Effects of Alginate Oligosaccharides on the Growth of Marine Microalgae

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Preparation of Alginate Oligosaccharides

12.3 Effects of Alginate Oligosaccharides on the Growth of

Nannochloropsis oculata

12.4 Species-Specific Effects of Alginate Oligosaccharides on the Growth of Diatom

Chaetoceros gracilis

and

Skeletonema

sp

12.5 Effects of Alginate Oligosaccharides on Harmful Microalgae

12.6 Conclusion

References

Part III: Marine Algal Products

Chapter 13: Omegas: Pharmaceutical High Value Products and One of the Most Functional Bioactive Compounds

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Most Functional Omegas

13.3 Biosynthesis and Functions

13.4 Omegas and Diet

13.5 Omegas; Sickness; and Health

13.6 Omegas: Commercial Applications

13.7 Microalgae as a Source for Omega Production

13.8 Perspectives

References

Chapter 14: An Overview of Global Distribution of the Diterpenes Synthesized by the Red Algae Laurencia Complex (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae)

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Biosynthesis of Diterpenes

14.3 Diversity and Geographic Distribution of the Diterpenes in

Laurencia

Complex

14.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 15: Anticancer Compounds from Marine Algae

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Terpenoids from Marine Algae

15.3 Sterols from Marine Algae

15.4 Polysaccharides from Marine Algae

15.5 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 16: A Comparative Analysis of Carrageenans Produced by Underutilized versus Industrially Utilized Macroalgae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

16.1 Introduction

16.2

Chondrus crispus

IMTA Cultivated

16.3 Geographic Localization, Date of Harvest, Yields, and Phycocolloid Type Produced by Red Algae

16.4 Analysis of Carrageenan by Vibrational Spectroscopy

16.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

List of Abbreviations and Symbols

References

Chapter 17: Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles Using Marine Algae: A Review

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Types of Nanoparticles

17.3 Characterization of Nanoparticles

17.4 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Marine Algae

17.5 Applications of Nanoparticles

17.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 18: Enzyme-Assisted Extraction to Prepare Bioactive Peptides from Microalgae

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Enzyme-Assisted Extraction and Isolation of Bioactive Peptides

18.3 Bioactivity of Peptides Derived from Marine Microalgae

18.4 Molecular Modeling

18.5 Future Trends and Prospective

References

Chapter 19: An Overview of Phycocolloids: The Principal Commercial Seaweed Extracts

19.1 Introduction

19.2 General Properties of Phycocolloids

19.3 Agar

19.4 Alginates

19.5 Carrageenan

19.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 20: Analytical Approaches for the Detailed Characterization of Microalgal Lipid Extracts for the Production of Biodiesel

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Protocols

20.3 Solid-Phase Extraction of Lipids (SPE)

20.4 Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

20.5 Derivatization

20.6 Liquid Chromatography/Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

20.7 Combined Approaches

20.8 Final Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Volume 2

Part IV: Biological Applications of Marine Algae

Chapter 21: Algal Extracts in Dentistry

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Various Applications of Products Derived from Algae in Dentistry

21.3 Additional Applications

21.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 22: Marine Algae for Protecting Your Brain: Neuroprotective Potentials of Marine Algae

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Neuroprotective Properties of Algae and Algae-Derived Compounds

22.3 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 23: Antiviral Activities of Marine Algal Extracts

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Substances Responsible for Antiviral Activity of Algal Extracts

23.3 Conclusion

References

Chapter 24: Antihyperglycemic of Sargassum sp. Extract

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Seaweed Bioactivities

24.3

In vitro

Hypoglycemic Activity of

S. aquifolium

Extract

24.4

In Vivo

Hypoglycemic Effects of

S. aquifolium

Extracts on Diabetic Rats

24.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 25: Immunological Activity of Marine Microalgae Extracts

25.1 Marine Microalgae Extracts

25.2 Overview of the Immune System

25.3 Conclusion

References

Chapter 26: Algal Polysaccharides and Their Biological Applications

26.1 Introduction

26.2 Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides

26.3 Applications of Bioactive Algal Polysaccharides

26.4 Future Prospects and Conclusion

References

Chapter 27: Biological Phlorotannins of Eisenia bicyclis

27.1 Introduction

27.2 Biological Activities of

E. bicyclis

27.3 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgment

References

Part V: Biological Applications of Marine Algae

Chapter 28: Algal Extracts as a Carrier of Micronutrients – Utilitarian Properties of New Formulations