Marine Coastal and Water Pollutions E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 107

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Identifying efficient solutions to protect coastal regions from marine pollution requires expertise from a range of specialties and strategic approaches. This book gathers information on the impact of oil spills at a coastal level from different experts' points of view, identifying synergies between domains such as mathematics, numerical modeling, mechanics, biology, economics and law. The collaborative research presented here is based on the 4th International Workshop on Anti-Pollution and Marine Coastal Water Pollution, held in La Rochelle, France at the Engineering School EIGSI, in April 2012. The areas addressed include: materials and structures (fluid-structure and capture interaction, cable and membrane equations, optimization); coastal hydrodynamics (computational fluid dynamics, numerical analysis of shallow water equations, analytical and numerical derivatives); biological impacts (biology, multivariate analysis, indicators); and economics and law (compensation costs, insurance coverage, coastal vulnerability).

Leseprobe

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Author Biographies

1. Session 1: Structures, Materials and the Environment

1.1. FEM modeling of flexible structures made of cables bars and nets

1.2. Oil-boommodels and full-scale tests

1.3. Oil-Spill MOHID models

1.4. References

2. Session 2: Hydrodynamic Modeling and Diffusion of the Pollutant

2.1. Numerical anomalies in shallow water simulations, spurious oscillations, equilibria, super-consistency and mass consistency

2.2. A model describing the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rivers

2.3. Numerical modeling of oil spill drifts for operational management of risks in continental waters

2.4. References

3. Round-Table 1: Summary of Structures and Hydrodynamic Sessions 1–2

3.1. Objectives of the attendees

3.2. Topics addressed

3.3. Costs and complexity of available field measurements

3.4. References

4. Session 3: Biology Toxicology and Coastal Sensitivity Analysis

4.1. Evaluation of the consequences of marine chemical accidents

4.2. Response technique for oil spills and environmental risk: toxicity of dispersant application in nearshore areas on Lizaaurata (Golden grey mullet)

4.3. Sensitivity of French Mediterranean coastal zones against accidental pollutions caused by ships

4.4. References

5. Session 4: Economy and Laws, Socio-Economic and Environmental Sensitivities, Judical Aspects, Civil and Penal Charges for Pollution

5.1. Reflections on coastline vulnerability indicators dedicated to hydrocarbon pollutions

5.2. Liability and compensation regarding oil spills at sea: the case of coastal communities

5.3. References

6. Round-Table 2: Summary of Chemical and Biological Impacts, Economy and Laws, Sessions 3–4.

6.1. Topics addressed

6.2. Socio-economic analysis of coastal risks

7. Modeling a Captive Unmanned Aerial System Teledetecting Oil Pollution on the Sea Surface

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Materials

7.3. Method

7.4. Approximation of the problem

7.5. Results

7.6. Conclusions

7.7. References

General Conclusion

List of Authors

Index

To Yves

First published 2014 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUKwww.iste.co.uk

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USAwww.wiley.com

© ISTE Ltd 2014

The rights of Frédéric Muttin to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014936486

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

ISSN 2051-2481 (Print)

ISSN 2051-249X (Online)

ISBN 978-1-84821-692-1

Preface

Based on the presentations made during the 4th International Workshop on Anti-Pollution and Marine Coastal Water Pollution1, this book gathers together information on the impacts of oil-spills at a coastal level from different experts’ points of view, and from such disciplines as mechanics, mathematics, biology, economy and law.

The structure of this book follows the workshop timetable which is organized into four sessions: mechanics and structures installed for the shoreline protection, fluid mechanics and hydrodynamic modeling of pollution behavior, physico-chemical biological and environmental vulnerability of the coastal zone, socio-economic and legal issues.

The different approaches described here consist of reduced and full-scale experiments, numerical modeling, oil and chemical pollutant properties, environmental and socio-economic data, and national and international legislations.

The importance of software tools and their interfaces, with responders and oil-spill crisis management, is underlined and the lack of usable and free-access data is mentioned. International legislations and national laws are integrated, as well as compensation regimes and vulnerability indicators (physical, environmental, social and economic).

The collaborative research presented here is the first stage of a series of workshops that will take place throughout coming years at regional, national and international levels. The second stage took place again in La Rochelle, France on 6 and 7 March 2014.

Frédéric MUTTINJune 2014

_______________

1 Engineering School EIGSI, La Rochelle, France, 5–6 April 2012.

Acknowledgments

The following institutions, societies and representatives must be strongly acknowledged:

– Ecole d’Ingénieurs La Rochelle, EIGSI, Dominique Breuil Direction de La Recherche.

– IST, Instituto Superior Técnico and MARETEC, University of Lisbon.

– University of La Rochelle.

– ACM Agenda des Conférences de Mathématiques, Alain Prignet, Frédéric Coquel.

– SMAI Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles, Rémi Abgrall.

– CNRS la lettre des délégations régionales, Florence Royer.

– EMS, European Mathematical Society.

– Pôle de Compétivité Mer Bretagne, Jean-Yves Eouzan, Nisha Le Joliff.

– Région Poitou-Charente.

– Communauté d’Agglomération de La Rochelle, Sylvie Olympe-Moreau.

– ISCO International Spill Organization.

– IAHR, CEDEX, Estibaliz Serrano.

– CEDRE, Georges Peigne.

– The Civil Protection Financial Instrument of the Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (DG-ECHO).

The research presented in Chapter 7 was supported by the French Research Agency ANR, and ADEME, under the project RAPACE, Grant no. ANR-05-ECOT-018-05. The author acknowledges the French frameworks, PRECODD ECOTECH and ECO-TS, on “Eco-Technologies and Eco- Services”. The author would also like to thank Mr. S. Nouchi and Dr. B. Variot for their valuable advice.