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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Maven is the #1 build tool used by developers and it has been around for more than a decade. Maven stands out among other build tools due to its extremely extensible architecture, which is built on of the concept of convention over configuration. It’s widely used by many open source Java projects under Apache Software Foundation, Sourceforge, Google Code, and more.
Maven Essentials is a fast-paced guide to show you the key concepts in Maven and build automation. We get started by introducing you to Maven and exploring its core concepts and architecture. Next, you will learn about and write a Project Object Model (POM) while creating your own Maven project. You will also find out how to create custom archetypes and plugins to establish the most common goals in build automation. After this, you’ll get to know how to design the build to prevent any maintenance nightmares, with proper dependency management. We then explore Maven build lifecycles and Maven assemblies. Finally, you will discover how to apply the best practices when designing a build system to improve developer productivity.
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Seitenzahl: 171
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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Table of Contents
Maven Essentials
Maven Essentials
Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: November 2015
Production reference: 1251115
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
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Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78398-676-7
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Author
Prabath Siriwardena
Reviewer
Antonio Mendoza Pérez
Commissioning Editor
Amarabha Banerjee
Acquisition Editor
Shaon Basu
Content Development Editor
Samantha Gonsalves
Technical Editor
Vivek Pala
Copy Editor
Pranjali Chury
Project Coordinator
Kinjal Bari
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
Monica Ajmera Mehta
Graphics
Disha Haria
Production Coordinator
Nilesh Mohite
Cover Work
Nilesh Mohite
About the Author
Prabath Siriwardena is the director of Security Architecture at WSO2 Inc., a company that produces a wide variety of open source software from data to screen. He is a member of OASIS Identity Metasystem Interoperability (IMI) TC, OASIS eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) TC, OASIS Security Services (SAML) TC, OASIS Identity in the Cloud TC, and OASIS Cloud Authorization (CloudAuthZ) TC. Prabath is also a member of PMC Apache Axis and has spoken at numerous international conferences, including OSCON, ApacheCon, WSO2Con, EIC, IDentity Next, and OSDC. He has more than 10 years of industry experience and has worked with many Fortune 100 companies.
Acknowledgments
I would first like to thank Shaon Basu, an acquisition editor at Packt Publishing, who came up with the idea of writing a book on Apache Maven; then, Samantha Gonsalves, a content development editor at Packt Publishing, who I worked with closely throughout the project—thank you very much, Samantha, for your patience and flexibility. Also, I would like to thank all the others at Packt Publishing who helped me to make this book a reality from the initial idea. Thank you very much for all your continuous support.
Dr. Sanjiva Weerawarana, the CEO of WSO2, and Paul Fremantle, the CTO of WSO2, have always been my mentors. I am truly grateful to both Dr. Sanjiva and Paul for everything they have done for me.
I would like to thank my beloved wife, Pavithra, and my loving little daughter, Dinadi. Pavithra wanted me to write this book even more than I wanted to. If I say she is the driving force behind this book, I am not exaggerating. She simply went beyond by not only feeding me with encouragement, but also by helping immensely in reviewing the book and developing samples. She was always the first reader. Thank you very much, Pavithra. Also, thanks to little Dinadi for your patience—it was your time that I spent writing the book.
I would also like to thank all the technical reviewers of the book. All your suggestions and thoughts are extremely valuable and much appreciated.
My parents and my sister have been the driving force behind me since my birth. If not for them, I wouldn't be who I am today. I am grateful to them for everything they have done for me. Last but not least, my wife's parents were amazingly helpful in making sure that the only thing I had to do was to write this book, taking care of almost all the other things that I was supposed to do.
Although this sounds like a one-man effort, it's actually a team effort. Thanks to everyone who supported me in different ways.
About the Reviewer
Antonio Mendoza Pérez is a senior software engineer with over 9 years of experience of developing Java EE applications. He also has an increasing interest in Scala, Groovy, and other JVM programming languages. He has contributed to several projects by developing the core element in both frontend and backend, such as customizing its construction and distribution with Maven.
He also has been a reviewer of JBPM6 Developer Guide, Packt Publishing.
You can get in touch with him through his blog at http://antmendoza.com.
I would like to thank my parents and sisters who have always been there for me.
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Preface
Maven is the number one build tool used by developers, and it has been there for more than a decade. Maven stands out among other build tools due to its extremely extensible architecture, which is built on top of the concept convention over configuration. This, in fact, has made Maven the de-facto tool to manage and build Java projects. It's being used widely by many open source Java projects under the Apache Software Foundation, SourceForge, Google Code, and many more.
This book provides a step-by-step guide, showing the readers how to use Apache Maven in an optimal way to address enterprise build requirements. Following the book, readers will be able to gain a thorough understanding of the following key areas:
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Apache Maven Quick Start, focuses on building a basic foundation around Maven to get started. It starts by explaining the basic steps to install and configure Maven on Ubuntu, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows operating systems. The latter part of the chapter covers some of the common useful Maven tips and tricks.
Chapter 2, Understanding the Project Object Model (POM), focuses on the Maven Project Object Model (POM) and how to adhere to the industry-wide accepted best practices to avoid maintenance nightmares. The key elements of a POM file, POM hierarchy and inheritance, managing dependencies, and related topics are covered here.
Chapter 3, Maven Archetypes, focuses on how Maven archetypes provide a way of reducing repetitive work in building Maven projects. There are thousands of archetypes out there that are available publicly to help you build different types of projects. This chapter covers a commonly used set of archetypes.
Chapter 4, Maven Plugins, covers some of the most commonly used Maven plugins and then explains how plugins are discovered and executed. Maven only provides a build framework, while the Maven plugins perform the actual tasks. Maven has a large, rich set of plugins, and the chances are very small that you will have to write your own custom plugin.
Chapter 5, Build Lifecycles, explains how the three standard lifecycles work and how we can customize them. Later in the chapter, we discuss how to develop our own lifecycle extensions.
Chapter 6, Maven Assemblies, covers real-world examples of how to use the Maven assembly plugin in detail, and finally concludes with an end-to-end sample Maven project.
Chapter 7, Best Practices, looks at and highlights some of the best practices to be followed in a large-scale development project with Maven. It is always recommended to follow the best practices since it will drastically improve developer productivity and reduce any maintenance nightmares.
What you need for this book
To follow the examples that are presented in this book, you will need the following software:
Who this book is for
The book is ideal for experienced developers who are already familiar with build automation, but want to learn how to use Maven and apply its concepts to the most difficult scenarios in build automation.
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Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "When you type mvn clean install, Maven will execute all the phases in the default lifecycle up to install (including the install phase)."
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When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
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New terms and important words are shown in bold.
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Chapter 1. Apache Maven Quick Start
Apache Maven is popular as a build tool. However, in reality, it goes beyond being just a build tool. It provides a comprehensive build management platform. Prior to Maven, developers had to spend a lot of time in building a build system. There was no common interface. It differed from project to project, and each time a developer moved from one project to another, there was a learning curve. Maven filled this gap by introducing a common interface. It merely ended the era of the build engineer.
In this chapter, we will talk about the following topics:
Installing Apache Maven
Installing Maven on any platform is more than a straightforward task. At the time of writing this book, the latest version was 3.3.3, which is available for download at http://maven.apache.org/download.cgi. This version requires JDK 1.7.0 or above.
Tip
You should keep a note on the Java requirement for version 3.3.3, if you are planning to upgrade from versions 3.0.*, 3.1.*, or 3.2.*. Prior to Maven 3.3.x, the only requirement was JDK 1.5.0. or JDK 1.6.0 (for 3.2.*).
Apache Maven is an extremely lightweight distribution. It does not have any hard requirements on memory, disk space, or CPU. Maven itself is built on top of Java, and it would work on any operating system that runs Java virtual machine (JVM).
Installing Apache Maven on Ubuntu
Installing Maven on Ubuntu is a single line command. Proceed with the following steps:
If you don't want to work with the apt-get command, there is another way of installing Maven under any Unix-based operating system. We will discuss this in the next section. Since Mac OS X has a kernel built at the top of the Unix kernel, installing Maven on Mac OS X would be the same as installing it on any Unix-based operating system.
Installing Apache Maven on Mac OS X
Most of the OS X distributions prior to OS X Mavericks had Apache Maven preinstalled. To verify that you've got Maven installed in your system, try out the following command. If it does not result in a version, then it means you do not have it installed:
The following steps will guide you through the Maven installation process on Max OS X Yosemite:
