Medical Biochemistry E-Book

Miriam D. Rosenthal

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 560

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Metabolism includes various pathways of chemical reactions; understanding these pathways leads to an improved knowledge of the causes, preventions, and cures for human diseases. Medical Biochemistry: Human Metabolism in Health and Disease provides a concise yet thorough explanation of human metabolism and its role in health and diseases. Focusing on the physiological context of human metabolism without extensive consideration of the mechanistic principles of underlying enzymology, the books serves as both a primary text and resource for students and professional in medical, dental, and allied health programs.

Leseprobe

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover

Title

Copyright

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

THE AUTHORS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 WHAT DO METABOLIC PATHWAYS ACCOMPLISH?

1.3 GENERAL PRINCIPLES COMMON TO METABOLIC PATHWAYS

1.4 WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO COMPREHEND AND RETAIN A WORKING KNOWLEDGE OF INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM?

CHAPTER 2: ENZYMES

2.1 THE NATURE OF ENZYMES

2.2 TYPES OF ENZYMES

2.3 SMALL MOLECULES AND METAL IONS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ENZYME-BASED CATALYSIS

2.4 HOW DO ENZYMES WORK?

2.5 HOW IS ENZYME ACTIVITY REGULATED?

2.6 DISEASE STATES ASSOCIATED WITH ABNORMAL ENZYME FUNCTIONING

CHAPTER 3: DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

3.1 FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

3.2 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES

3.3 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF DIETARY LIPIDS

3.4 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF PROTEINS

3.5 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF MICRONUTRIENTS

3.6 REGULATION OF DIGESTION

3.7 ABNORMAL FUNCTIONING OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

CHAPTER 4: GLYCOLYSIS

4.1 FUNCTIONS OF GLYCOLYSIS

4.2 LOCALIZATION OF GLYCOLYSIS

4.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN WHICH GLYCOLYSIS IS ESPECIALLY ACTIVE

4.4 PATHWAY OF GLYCOLYSIS AND RELATED REACTIONS

4.5 REGULATION OF GLYCOLYSIS

4.6 DISEASES INVOLVING GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES

CHAPTER 5: PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE AND THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE

5.1 FUNCTIONS OF PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE AND THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE

5.2 LOCATION OF PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE AND THE TCA-CYCLE ENZYMES

5.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES WHEN PDH AND THE TCA CYCLE ARE ESPECIALLY ACTIVE OR INACTIVE

5.4 PDH AND THE REACTIONS OF THE TCA CYCLE

5.5 REGULATION OF PDH AND THE TCA CYCLE

5.6 ABNORMAL FUNCTION OF PDH AND THE TCA CYCLE

CHAPTER 6: ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

6.1 FUNCTION OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

6.2 LOCALIZATION OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

6.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN WHICH ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION ARE ESPECIALLY ACTIVE

6.4 REACTIONS OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

6.5 REGULATION OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

6.6 ABNORMAL FUNCTIONING OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

CHAPTER 7: THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY

7.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY

7.2 TISSUES IN WHICH THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY IS ACTIVE

7.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES AND CONDITIONS DURING WHICH THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY IS PARTICULARLY ACTIVE

7.4 REACTIONS OF THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY

7.5 REGULATION OF THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY

7.6 ABNORMAL FUNCTIONING OF THE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY

CHAPTER 8: GLYCOGEN

8.1 FUNCTION OF GLYCOGEN

8.2 TISSUES THAT STORE GLYCOGEN

8.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES AND CONDITIONS DURING WHICH GLYCOGEN METABOLISM IS ESPECIALLY ACTIVE

8.4 REACTIONS OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS AND GLYCOGENOLYSIS

8.5 REGULATION OF GLYCOGEN METABOLISM

8.6 ABNORMALITIES OF GLYCOGEN METABOLISM

CHAPTER 9: GLUCONEOGENESIS

9.1 FUNCTION OF GLUCONEOGENESIS

9.2 TISSUES IN WHICH GLUCONEOGENESIS IS ACTIVE

9.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN WHICH GLUCONEOGENESIS IS ESPECIALLY ACTIVE

9.4 REACTIONS OF GLUCONEOGENESIS

9.5 REGULATION OF GLUCONEOGENESIS

9.6 ABNORMAL FUNCTION OF THE GLUCONEOGENIC PATHWAY

CHAPTER 10: FATTY ACID OXIDATION AND KETONES

10.1 FUNCTIONS OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION

10.2 TISSUES IN WHICH FATTY ACID OXIDATION IS ACTIVE

10.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN WHICH FATTY ACID OXIDATION IS MOST ACTIVE

10.4 PATHWAYS OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION

10.5 REGULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL FATTY ACID OXIDATION

10.6 DISEASES RELATED TO FATTY ACID OXIDATION

CHAPTER 11: FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

11.1 FUNCTIONS OF FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

11.2 LOCALIZATION OF FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

11.3 CONDITIONS WHEN FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS OCCURS

11.4 REACTIONS THAT SYNTHESIZE AND MODIFY FATTY ACIDS

11.5 REGULATION OF FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

11.6 ABNORMAL FUNCTION OF FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS

CHAPTER 12: TRIACYLGLYCEROL TRANSPORT AND METABOLISM

12.1 FUNCTIONS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS

12.2 SITES OF TAG STORAGE

12.3 CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH TRIACYLGLYCEROL METABOLISM IS ACTIVE

12.4 PATHWAYS OF TRIACYLGLYCEROL METABOLISM

12.5 REGULATION OF TAG METABOLISM

12.6 DISEASES INVOLVING ABNORMALITIES IN TRIACYLGLYCEROL METABOLISM

CHAPTER 13: ETHANOL

13.1 FUNCTION OF ETHANOL METABOLISM

13.2 LOCATION OF ETHANOL METABOLISM

13.3 PATHWAYS OF ETHANOL METABOLISM

13.4 REGULATION OF ETHANOL METABOLISM

13.5 METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH ETHANOL METABOLISM

CHAPTER 14: PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND SPHINGOLIPIDS

14.1 FUNCTIONS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS

14.2 TISSUES IN WHICH PHOSPHOLIPIDS ARE SYNTHESIZED AND MODIFIED

14.3 METABOLIC PATHWAYS OF PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM

14.4 REGULATION OF PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM

14.5 DISEASES INVOLVING PHOSPHOLIPIDS

CHAPTER 15: EICOSANOIDS

15.1 FUNCTIONS OF EICOSANOIDS

15.2 SITES OF SYNTHESIS OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND LEUKOTRIENES

15.3 CONDITIONS WHEN EICOSANOID SYNTHESIS IS UP-REGULATED

15.4 METABOLISM OF EICOSANOIDS

15.5 REGULATION OF EICOSANOID SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY

15.6 DISEASES INVOLVING EICOSANOIDS

CHAPTER 16: GLYCOLIPIDS AND GLYCOPROTEINS

16.1 FUNCTIONS OF GLYCOCONJUGATES

16.2 WHERE ARE GLYCOCONJUGATES FOUND IN THE BODY?

16.3 METABOLISM OF GLYCOCONJUGATES

16.4 DISEASES OF GLYCOCONJUGATE METABOLISM

CHAPTER 17: CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS AND TRANSPORT

17.1 FUNCTIONS OF CHOLESTEROL

17.2 CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS

17.3 PATHWAY OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS

17.4 TRANSPORT OF CHOLESTEROL

17.5 REGULATION OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

17.6 ABNORMALITIES IN CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

CHAPTER 18: STEROIDS AND BILE ACIDS

18.1 FUNCTIONS OF OXYGENATED DERIVATIVES OF CHOLESTEROL

18.2 LOCALIZATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF OXYGENATED DERIVATIVES OF CHOLESTEROL

18.3 PATHWAYS OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

18.4 REGULATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF METABOLITES OF CHOLESTEROL

18.5 ABNORMAL FUNCTION

CHAPTER 19: NITROGEN HOMEOSTASIS

19.1 FUNCTIONS OF NITROGEN METABOLISM

19.2 LOCALIZATION OF NITROGEN METABOLISM

19.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES IN WHICH THE NITROGEN DETOXIFICATION AND EXCRETION PATHWAYS ARE ESPECIALLY ACTIVE

19.4 REACTIONS OF UREA SYNTHESIS

19.5 REGULATION OF UREA SYNTHESIS

19.6 ABNORMAL FUNCTION OF THE PATHWAYS OF NITROGEN METABOLISM

CHAPTER 20: AMINO ACIDS

20.1 FUNCTIONS OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM

20.2 LOCALIZATION OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM

20.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING WHICH THE AMINO ACID CATABOLIC PATHWAYS ARE ESPECIALLY ACTIVE

20.4 PATHWAYS OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM

20.5 ABNORMAL FUNCTIONING OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM

20.6 PARKINSON’S DISEASE

20.7 ALBINISM

CHAPTER 21: SULFUR AMINO ACID METABOLISM

21.1 FUNCTIONS OF METHIONINE

21.2 LOCALIZATION

21.3 METHIONINE METABOLISM

21.4 REGULATION OF SULFUR AMINO ACID METABOLISM

21.5 ABNORMAL FUNCTION

CHAPTER 22: FOLATE AND VITAMIN B

12

IN ONE-CARBON METABOLISM

22.1 FUNCTIONS OF ONE-CARBON METABOLISM

22.2 LOCALIZATION OF REACTIONS INVOLVING ONE-CARBON TRANSFER

22.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN WHICH ONE-CARBON METABOLISM IS ESPECIALLY ACTIVE

22.4 REACTIONS OF ONE-CARBON METABOLISM

22.5 REGULATION OF ONE-CARBON METABOLISM

22.6 ABNORMAL FUNCTIONING OF THE PATHWAYS OF ONE-CARBON METABOLISM

CHAPTER 23: PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES

23.1 FUNCTIONS OF PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES

23.2 LOCALIZATION OF PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM