Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: American Heart Association Clinical Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 461

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

The relationship of metabolic diseases to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reaching epidemic proportions. This relates mostly to the increasing prevalence of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. This book outlines and addresses the metabolic factors and related diseases that contribute to CVD, including brief introductions to metabolic pathways including lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, macronutrient fuel partitioning, insulin action and body weight regulation. Mechanisms that relate to becoming obese, maintenance of the obese state, the dyslipidemias, and glucose intolerance/diabetes are also addressed, and the importance of interventions that reduce metabolic risk factors and CVD are covered.

Leseprobe

Contents

Contributors

Foreword

Chapter 1 Insulin action and beta-cell function: role in metabolic regulation

Regulation of fuel utilization in health and disease

Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function: a critical interplay determining glucose tolerance in health and disease

Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function: insights from oral testing

Effects of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency on regulation of fuel partitioning

Effects of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency on free fatty acids and lipid metabolism

Insulin regulation of amino acid metabolism

Role of fat distribution and ectopic fat in insulin resistance

Insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, and bodyweight regulation

Summary

Chapter 2 Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and risk for cardiovascular disease

A snapshot of lipoproteins and their metabolism

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins: chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein

Very-low-density lipoprotein

Low-density lipoprotein, the primary lipoprotein for risk assesssment and treatment

Atherogenic dyslipidemia and residual risk for coronary heart disease

Chapter 3 Tobacco and risk for cardiovascular disease

Smoking and ischemic heart disease

Smoking, atherogenesis, and thrombosis

Smoking and the metabolic syndrome

Effectiveness of tobacco cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease

Age, gender, ethnicity, and smoking

Summary

Chapter 4 Nutrition and risk for cardiovascular disease

Level of dietary fat

Type of dietary fat and plasma lipoprotein concentrations

Dietary carbohydrate

Protein

Dietary supplements

Chapter 5 Physical activity and cardiovascular health

Introduction

Physical activity and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality

Cardiovascular disease metabolic risk factors

Summary

Chapter 6 The obesity epidemic and cardiovascular risk

Introduction

Definition of obesity

Cardiovascular disease

Assessment of adiposity in clinical practice

Management

Summary

Chapter 7 Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk

Introduction

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk

Diagnosis and evaluation

Treatment

Conclusion

Chapter 8 Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk

Diabetes prevalence

Diabetes and death

Cardiovascular disease morbidity

Subclinical cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients

Risk factors in diabetic patients

Total risk factor burden and risk of vascular events

Summary

Chapter 9 Lipid management and cardiovascular risk reduction

Evidence for lipid management

Diagnosis of dyslipidemia

Identification of the at-risk patient

Lipid guidelines

Therapeutic lifestyle changes

Pharmacological management of dyslipidemia

Summary

Chapter 10 Obesity management and cardiovascular risk reduction

Introduction

Benefits and potential risks of weight loss

Summary

Chapter 11 Diabetes management and cardiovascular risk reduction

ACCORD

ADVANCE

VADT

UKPDS

PROactive

Meta-analyses

Chapter 12 A healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular risk reduction

Multifactor interventions

Smoking

Physical inactivity

Sleep

Dietary issues

Summary

Index

Author Disclosure Table

This edition first published 2011, © 2011 American Heart Association

American Heart Association National Center, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231, USA

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Metabolic risk for cardiovascular disease / edited by Robert H. Eckel, p.; cm. – (AHA clinical series)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4051-8104-4

1. Cardiovascular system–Diseases–Risk factors. 2. Metabolic syndrome. 3. Obesity–Complication. 4. Lipids–Metabolism–Disorders–Complication. 5. Diabetes–Complication. I. Eckel, Robert H. II. American Heart Association. III. Series: AHA clinical series.

[DNLM: 1. Cardiovascular Diseases–etiology. 2. Cardiovascular Diseases–epidemiology. 3. Cardiovascular Diseases–prevention & control. 4. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2–complications. 5. Metabolic Syndrome X–complications. 6. Risk Factors. WG 120 M587 2010]

RA645.C34M48 2010

616.1′071–dc22

2010012034

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9781444324792

Set in 9/12 pt Palatino by Aptara® Inc., New Delhi, India

1 2011

Contributors

Arne V. Astrup, MD, DMSC

Head of Department and Professor

Department of Human Nutrition

Faculty of Life Sciences

University of Copenhagen

Senior Consultant

Department of Clinical Nutrition

Gentofte University Hospital

Hellerup, Denmark

George A. Bray, MD

Boyd Professor

Pennington Center/LSU

Chief of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Pennington Biomedical Research Centre

Louisiana State University

Baton Rouge, LA, USA

John A. Farmer, MD

Professor of Medicine

Baylor College of Medicine

Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital

Houston, TX, USA

Antonio M. Gotto Jr, MD, DPhil

Stephen and Suzanne Weiss Dean and Professor of Medicine

Weill Cornell Medical College

New York, NY, USA

William L. Haskell, PhD

Professor

Stanford Prevention Research Center

School of Medicine

Stanford University

Stanford, CA, USA

Steven E. Kahn, MB,ChB

Professor of Medicine

University of Washington

Associate Chief of Staff for Research and Development and Staff Physician

VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington

Seattle, WA, USA

William E. Kraus, MD

Professor of Medicine

Duke University School of Medicine

Medical Director

Cardiac Rehabilitation

Duke University Health System

Director of Clinical Research

Duke Center for Living

Duke University Health System

Durham, NC, USA

Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSC

Gershoff Professor of Nutrition Science and Policy

Tufts University

Director

Cardiovascular Laboratory and Senior Scientist

Tufts University

Boston, MA, USA

Paul Poirier, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA

Associate Professor in the Faculty of Pharmacy

Laval University Quebec Canada

Director Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation Program

Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec

Quebec, QC, Canada

Frank M. Sacks, MD

Professor of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Nutrition Department

Harvard School of Public Health

Professor of Medicine

Harvard Medical School

Senior Attending Physician

Hyperlipidemia Clinic

Cardiology Division

Brigham & Women’s Hospital

Boston, MA, USA

JayS. Skyler, MD,MACP

Professor

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism

Associate Director

Diabetes Research Institute

University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Miami, FL, USA

Sidney C. Smith Jr, MD, FACC, FAHA, FESC

Professor of Medicine

Director, Center for Cardiovascular Science and Medicine

University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, NC, USA

C. Barr Taylor, MD

Professor of Psychiatry

Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Science

Stanford Medical School

Stanford, CA, USA

Mickey Tro cke l, PhD, MD

Clinical Instructor of Psychiatry and Behavior Science

Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Science

Stanford Medical School

Stanford, CA, USA

Kristina M. Utzschneider, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington

Seattle, WA, USA

Stan S.Wang, MD, JD,MPH

Director of Legislative Affairs, Austin Heart

Clinical Cardiovascular Disease, Austin Heart South

Assistant Professor of Medicine (Adjunct), University of North Carolina

Chapel Hill, NC, USA

Peter W.F. Wilson, MD

Professor of Medicine and Public Health

Emory University

Atlanta, GA, USA

Foreword

The strategic driving force behind the American Heart Association’s mission of reducing disability and death from cardiovascular diseases and stroke is to change practice by providing information and solutions to healthcare professionals. The pillars of this strategy are Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Processing, and Knowledge Transfer. The books in the AHA Clinical Series, of which Metabolic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease is included, focus on high-interest, cutting-edge topics in cardiovascular medicine. This book series is a critical tool that supports the AHA mission of promoting healthy behavior and improved care of patients. Cardiology is a rapidly changing field and practitioners need data to guide their clinical decision making. The AHA Clinical Series serves this need by providing the latest information on the physiology, diagnosis, and management of a broad spectrum of conditions encountered in daily practice.

Rose Marie Robertson, MD, FAHA

Chief Science Officer, American Heart Association

Elliott Antman, MD, FAHA

Director, Samuel A. Levine Cardiac Unit,

Brigham and Women’s Hospital