Metal Complexes: Environmental and Biomedical Applications - Rojalin Sahu - E-Book

Metal Complexes: Environmental and Biomedical Applications E-Book

Rojalin Sahu

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Beschreibung

Metal Complexes: Environmental and Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive exploration of the role of metal complexes in diverse fields, including biomedicine, energy, and environmental protection. This book provides insights into the synthesis, properties, and applications of metal complexes, covering topics such as their use in therapeutics, diagnostics, energy materials, and catalysis. It also examines their antibacterial, antifungal, and sensor applications. With a systematic approach, the book is ideal for students, researchers, and professionals interested in the growing relevance of metal complexes in scientific and industrial applications.

Key Features:
- Overview of metal complexes and oxidation states.
- Synthesis of metal complexes from N-heterocyclic carbene and Schiff base ligands.
- Biomedical applications, including therapeutics and diagnostics.
- Use of metal complexes in energy storage and catalysis.
- Applications in antibacterial and antifungal treatments.
- Metal complexes as sensors and in analytical chemistry.
Readership:
Undergraduate/graduate students, researchers, and professionals in biochemistry, biology, inorganic chemistry, and medicinal chemistry.

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Seitenzahl: 328

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

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Table of Contents
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
End User License Agreement (for non-institutional, personal use)
Usage Rules:
Disclaimer:
Limitation of Liability:
General:
PREFACE
Introduction to Metal Complexes: A Special Reference to Oxidation States
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
OXIDATION STATE CONCEPT
3D TRANSITION SERIES ELEMENTS
Chromium (Cr)
Manganese (Mn)
Iron (Fe)
Cobalt (Co)
Nickel (Ni)
Copper (Cu)
Zinc (Zn)
ELEMENTS OF THE 4D SERIES
Technetium (Tc)
Ruthenium (Ru)
Rhodium (Rh)
Palladium (Pd)
Silver (Ag)
Cadmium (Cd)
ELEMENTS OF THE 5D SERIES
Rhenium (Re)
Osmium (Os)
Iridium (Ir)
Platinum (Pt)
Gold (Au)
Mercury (Hg)
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Synthesis of Metal Complexes from N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Schiff Base Ligands
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
METAL COMPLEX SYNTHESIS BY WATER-SOLUBLE POTENTIAL N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE (NHCS)
Metal Complex Functionalized with Ester or Carboxylate/carbonate
Metal Complexes with Sulfonate Functionalized NHCs
Metal Complex Synthesized from Ammonium /amine Functionalized NHCs
Metal Complexes from NHCs Functionalized with ether/alcohol
Metal Complexes from Water-soluble Polymer or Macrocycle Functionalized NHCs
Metal Complex Synthesis from NHCs Functionalized with Natural Product
WATER SOLUBILITY OF N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE-BASED METAL COMPLEXES
SCHIFF BASE AS A LIGAND
METHODS OF SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX SYNTHESIS
Direct Synthesis
In situ Method
Oxidation of Coordinated Secondary Amine
Amine Exchange Reaction
Metal Exchange Reaction
Ligand Exchange Reaction
METAL COMPLEX SYNTHESIS
Mode of Coordination of a Schiff Base Ligand
Coordination Complex Based on Bidentate Schiff Base Ligands
Tridentate Schiff Base or mixed Ligand-based Coordination Complex
Tetradentate Schiff Base Coordination Complexes
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
Biomedical Applications of Clathrochelates
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Application of Clathrochelates in Animal and Human Diagnostics and Therapy
APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE PARAMAGNETIC PROBES AND CLATHROCHELATES IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
CLATHEROCHELATES BASED ON BORON AND THEIR APPLICATION
RADIOACTIVE CLATHROCHELATE COMPLEX FOR DIAGNOSTICS AND RADIOTHERAPY
Rh AND TC COMPOUNDS AND OTHER RADIOEMITTER CLATHROCHELATES AND THEIR APPLICATION
CLATHROCHELATE COMPOUNDS OF 68Ga and 64Cu AND THEIR APPLICATION
BIOACTIVE AND BIOMIMETIC METAL CAGES AND BIOPROBES BASED ON CLATHROCHELATES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Application of Metal Complexes in Therapeutics
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
APPLICATION OF METALS IN MEDICINE
CHARACTERISTICS OF METAL COMPLEXES
ANTI-CANCER AGENTS BASED ON TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES
Platinum
Anticancer Agents other than Platinum
ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUGS OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES
FREE RADICAL QUENCHER AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS BASED ON TRANSITION METAL
ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS BASED ON TRANSITION METALS
NEUROLOGICAL DRUGS BASED ON TRANSITION METALS
DIAGNOSTIC TOOL AND DELIVERY PROBES BASED ON TRANSITION METAL
SOME ESSENTIAL DRUGS BASED ON METAL AND THEIR CHEMISTRY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Applications of Metal Complexes in Diagnosis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Metal complexes properties
Modes of Diagnosis
Radiometals requirements for imaging
Radionuclides production
Metal-based Radiopharmaceuticals
Technetium
Rhenium
Gallium
Indium
Copper
Yttrium
Magnetic resonance imaging agents
Gadolinium
Eu(II)
Manganese
Iron complexes
Positron Emission Tomography imaging agents
Copper
Gallium
Zirconium
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Metal Complexes used as Energy Materials
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
LANTHANIDE METAL COMPLEX AS ELECTROLUMINESCENT MATERIAL
SCHIFF BASE METAL COMPLEXES-BASED ENERGY AND ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIALS
TRANSITION METAL OXALATE AND OTHER COMPLEX-BASED ENERGY STORAGE AND PHOTOINDUCED ENERGY TRANSFER MATERIALS
8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE METAL COMPLEX AS ELECTRO- LUMINESCENT MATERIALS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Metal Complexes used in Analytical Chemistry: A Special Focus on the Detection and Determination of Metal Ions
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION OF METAL IONS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Alkaline Earth Metal
Transition Element
Metalloid
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF METAL IONS
Precipitation Analysis
Reagents for the Detection of Metal Ions
Gravimetry Analysis
Volumetric Analysis
Volumetric Reagents
Hexacyanoferrate (II)
Hexa-cyanoferrate (III)
Mercury(I)
Hexa-amminecobalt (III) chloride
Tetracyano(1,10-phenanthroline)ferrate(II)
Potassium Octacyanomolybdate and Octacyanotungstate
Cerate Complexes
Indicators
Solvent Extraction
DETECTION OF METALS USING DIFFERENT REAGENTS BASED ON METAL COMPLEX
Antimony
Beryllium
Cadmium
Potassium
Cobalt
Gold
Indium and Thallium
Mercury
Molybdenum
Nickel
Palladium
Rhodium
Thorium
Uranium
Alkali Metals
Other Metals
DETECTION OF IONS USING DIFFERENT REAGENTS
Acetate
Nitrate
Nitrite
Phosphates
Pyrophosphate and Triphosphate
Sulphate
MISCELLANEOUS ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
Metal Complexes in Catalysis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
OXIDATION PROCESSES
Wacker Process
Olefins Epoxidation Reaction Mo(VI) Complex Catalyst
Olefins Epoxidation Asymmetrically in the Presence of Oxidant Hydroperoxide and Titanium Complex
Decomposition Reaction of Cyclohexyl Hydroperoxide in the Presence of Trivalent and Divalent Cobalt Complex
THE HYDROCYANATION REACTION
METATHESIS REACTION
HYDROSILYLATION REACTION
CARBONYLATION REACTION
OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION
HYDROGENATION REACTION
DIMERIZATION, OLIGOMERIZATION AND CYCLOOLIGOMERI- ZATION
ISOMERIZATION
MAIN GROUP METAL-BASED CHIRAL SCHIFF BASES
CHROMIUM AND MANGANESE SCHIFF BASES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Antibacterial and Antifungal Applications of Metal Complexes
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CHROMIUM COMPLEXES
MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES
MANGANESE COMPLEXES
RHENIUM COMPLEXES
RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES
OSMIUM COMPLEXES
COBALT COMPLEXES
RHODIUM AND IRIDIUM COMPLEXES
NICKEL COMPLEXES
PALLADIUM AND PLATINUM COMPLEXES
COPPER COMPLEXES
GOLD COMPLEXES
ZINC COMPLEXES
CADMIUM AND MERCURY COMPLEXES
SILVER-METAL COMPLEXES
ALKALI METAL COMPLEXES
LANTHANIDES COMPLEXES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Metal Complexes as Sensors to Detect Analytes
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CHEMOSENSORS BASED ON METAL COMPLEXES
MECHANISMS AND PRINCIPLES OF CHEMOSENSORS BASED ON METAL COMPLEXES FOR SENSING CATIONS
FLUORESCENCE DETECTION OF CATIONS BY CONVENTIONAL APPROACHES
Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) Mechanism
Photoinduced Charge Transfer (PCT) Mechanism
Transmetallation Approach for Chemosensing
Chemodosimetric Approach
CONVENTIONAL FLUORESCENT CHEMOSENSORS FOR CATIONS BASED ON CU (II) COMPLEXES
Cd(II) COMPLEXES AS TRADITIONAL FLUORESCENT CHEMOSENSORS FOR CATIONS
RECOGNITION AND SENSING OF ANIONS BASED ON INTERACTION BETWEEN METAL AND LIGAND
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Metal Complexes: Environmental and Biomedical Applications
Authored by
Rojalin Sahu
KIIT, Deemed to be University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
India
&
Puspanjali Sahu
Bhadrak Autonomous College,
Bhadrak, Odisha
India

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PREFACE

A century ago, Alfred Werner won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for proposing the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes and developing the foundation for modern coordination chemistry. His revolutionary research work was of significant importance for the development of the chemistry of metal complexes, which has diminished the border between organic and inorganic chemistry because it is the chemistry of organic ligands and inorganic metal ions. Metal complexes are being utilized in many aspects of human life due to their interesting and unique properties. Today, we find a significant increasing interest in the design of metal complexes for different applications. Some of these are used in multifarious fields of biomedical, energy, and environmental protection and are keenly observed among scientific communities across the globe. Metal complexes play major roles in many subject areas, including biochemistry, therapeutics, diagnosis, catalysis, sensing, and energy conversion. The reason and motivation to propose this book are to design new research plans for graduate students with their basic understanding of coordination chemistry during their undergraduate study.

Chapter 1 discusses the general oxidation states of various metal ions and the introduction to coordination complexes, followed by a discussion on the use of coordination compounds, their syntheses, and their characterization., Chapter 2 discusses the metal complexes synthesized from Schiff bases and N-heterocyclic carbenes. In Chapter 3, the cage metal complexes and their applications are described. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the metal complexes that are used in therapeutics and diagnostics. The application of metal complexes in solar energy conversion is discussed in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 discusses the use of metal complexes in analytical chemistry, and Chapter 8 discusses the use of metal complexes as catalysts in a variety of organic reactions. Chapter 9 discusses the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal applications of metal complexes, and Chapter 10 discusses the metal complexes used as sensors.  

This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, instructors at the graduate level teaching related coursework, and those working in the diverse fields of biochemistry, biology, organic, inorganic, and bio-inorganic chemistry sciences. The text can prove beneficial for researchers, investigators, and scientists whose works involve organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and inorganic chemistry, as well as those who are working on radiopharmaceuticals. It can serve as a reference book for P.G. and Ph.D.-level research scholars. All academic research libraries will benefit from having a copy of the book as a reference manual as well.

The writer’s own teaching and research experience of over one decade has played a crucial role in designing and writing the book.

Suggestions for improvement of the contents are most welcome from the students and research fraternity, which can be incorporated in future editions.

Rojalin Sahu KIIT, Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar Odisha IndiaPuspanjali Sahu Bhadrak Autonomous College Bhadrak, Odisha India

Introduction to Metal Complexes: A Special Reference to Oxidation States

Rojalin Sahu,Puspanjali Sahu
Associate Proffessor KIIT, Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar

Abstract

There are 90 elements on the earth’s crust. Among these, 81 are life supporting and the remaining 9 are radioactive in nature. The human body consists of nearly 3% of metals. Transition metals having partially filled d-subshell can easily accept and donate electrons and hence achieve variable oxidation state. These variable oxidation states enable the modulation of variable redox systems, which are available in biological systems. They can also interact with a wide range of negatively charged compounds. The aforementioned properties of transition metals have sparked the creation of metal-based drug development that holds great promise for medicinal use. Metal-based drugs (metallodrugs) are now used in theranostics, i.e., therapy and diagnosis. Metal-based drugs like oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and cisplatin are being used in the treatment of cancer. Moreover, transition metal-based drugs are also used to treat cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcer, diabetes etc. In this chapter, various oxidation states of transition metals of different series of the periodic table are briefly discussed, along with their application in the field of medical science.

Keywords: Oxidation state, transition metal, biological activity, metallodrugs, medical application.
*Corresponding author Dr. Rojalin Sahu: Associate Proffessor KIIT, Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar; E-mail: ???