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- Herausgeber: Bentham Science Publishers
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Metallurgy and Technology of Steel Castings is a comprehensive textbook for students and professional engineers in the field of foundry engineering and materials science. The topics covered in this book explain the association between the quality of liquid metal and the properties of the finished cast. Readers will learn about the thermodynamic conditions for addition and recovery of chemical elements (such as Cr, Ni and Mo) in steel, degasifying processes, the influence of alloying additives for manufacturing steel castings that operate in extreme temperatures, anti-corrosive steels and basic cast conditions for making the castings (pouring and heat treatment systems).
Metallurgy and Technology of Steel Castings gives readers essential information about steel and steel cast manufacturing processes and equips them with the knowledge to overcome the challenges faced in the foundry environment.
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Seitenzahl: 477
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
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Metallurgy and Technology of
Steel Castings
Authored by
Jan Głownia
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
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FOREWORD
Decades of work in the field of cast steel technology and material engineering allowed me to gather a number of materials, experiences and examples for engineers and students. I used them every day and I did not think about bringing them together and presenting them in the form of a book. Only an e-mail from Bentham Science Publishers encouraged me to prepare this work.
The intention of the presented material is to indicate guidelines for use in steel foundries and for teaching future engineers. In most of the examples, I based on experimental casting works, projects or co-operation with the industry. On this basis, the structure of the e-book provides the use of cast steel for working conditions of castings, such as subzero temperatures, corrosion, abrasion and heat resistance. Such an approach is a useful material for practitioners and it allows avoiding a lot of defects in castings and prevents their formation.
The problem of producing steel castings requires knowledge in various fields of science, starting from chemistry, metallurgy, and ending with the typical technological issues - pouring steel into foundry moulds, knowledge of cast steel shrinkage or heat treatment of castings. Therefore, the sequence of chapters covers:
preparation of liquid steelThe quality of steel castings is dependent on the quality of liquid steel smelted mostly in the arc furnace. Not only the chemical composition of steel is important for this issue when tapping metal into the ladle, but also the degree of its deoxidation, morphology of non-metallic inclusions and the content of gases;
the significance of casting wall thickness parts of machines (which are castings) require a uniform structure and properties on the cross-section of the whole casting wall. Under the existing stresses, the problem is gaining importance.working conditions of castings.typical areas of the application of cast steel concern the mineral processing industry (abrasion), the marine industry (corrosion, low temperatures), the petrochemical industry (heat resistance, high temperature corrosion), technological processes improving the quality of castings (heat treatment).
I hope that the presented materials will not only be of help in solving the current problems for engineers, but will lead to an increased interest in the problems of cast steel engineering and will be an inspiration for the development of new, modern solutions.
PREFACE
This work is intended for engineers operating in industries, which apply steel castings in their products. This does not only concern pure castings, but also: machine building (trans-portation, earthmoving equipment, mining, military machinery), power industry (gas and oil exploration, power generation), chemical industry (refineries, chemical plants), food and medical processing. Foundries produce part of the machines intended for these applications considering their working conditions: temperature (from minus 120 oC to plus 700 – 800 oC), stresses, strength or yield strength and resistance to the environment (corrosion, abrasion). To meet the requirements of casting users, their production process should ensure the appropriate quality of liquid metal, correctness of the technological process (among others: smelting, pouring, solidification and heat treatment) and technical control of each sub-process.
Engineers who produce steel castings for the mentioned working conditions receive the basis in smelting of carbon and alloy steel, significance of the deoxidation process and modification of steel for castings (compared to wrought steel) and the properties of various types of cast steel operating e.g. in areas of sub-zero temperatures or corrosion. This knowledge is also useful for engineers in other specialties and working in the field of material engineering, metallurgy and manufacturing processes.
This presentation is based on publications, own co-operations with foundries and institutes, and industrial practices provided in the last decades. The intention of this book is to draw the reader's attention to the possible difficulties in obtaining an appropriate quality of castings as well as to indicate sources where more information on each subject of foundry engineering can be found.
This book is also addressed to students who wish to obtain an overall knowledge of the steel castings technology.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Jan GłowniaIt is a great pleasure for me and I am particularly grateful to my wife Jane for her patience, care and indulgence during these long months of writing and staying outside our home. I am very grateful to my son Maciej, daughter Joanna (who spent a lot hours with the pictures) and grandchildren: Justine and Jędrzej.
Many thanks to my colleagues at my Alma Mater – AGH-University of Science and Techno-logy in Cracow:
Dr Barbara Kalandyk, Dr Renata Zapała, Dr Sebastian Sobula, Dr Grzegorz Tęcza, Antoni Dzieja for many years of co-operation, for their help and valuable suggestions;many friends, co-workers from Foundry Engineering Faculty and other Faculties of my University and to the following foundries and factories for the numerous, collective works:Metalodlew S.A. Cracow,Huta Małapanew in Ozimek,Pioma S.A. in Piotrków Trybunalski,Zabrzańska Fabryka Maszyn in Zabrze, AS Ferro-Term in Łódź,National Centre for Research and Development in Poland,Foundry Research Institute in Cracow,I would like to specially thanks to the Translation Teams: JUNIQUE Agnieszka and Justin Nnorom and Dogadamycie for the translation of the entire text. I feel grateful MSc Grażyna Konieczko and Marcin Wasiak for preparation all figures to their proper conditions before printing.
Introduction
Jan GłowniaAbstract
The history of steel castings is associated with previously developed technologies for obtaining castings of bronze, copper and cast iron. These formed the basis for the improvement and development of casting technology of metal with a higher melting temperature and higher mechanical properties, and then - better utility properties (corrosion resistance, impact toughness at low temperatures and finally - smelting in a vacuum). The development of steel smelting technology and methods of obtaining steel castings have been presented against the background of extremely extensive literature on bronze casting in ancient times.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The author (editor) declares no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.
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Jan GłowniaAbstract
The primary technology of steel making in the foundry is a basic step to obtain a good quality of molten steel: with proper deoxidation, with low gases quantity and the control of non-metallic inclusions. These processes are discussed in detail through oxidation of elements and then during deoxidation in reduction period and in the ladle.
