Mobility Protocols and Handover Optimization E-Book

Ashutosh Dutta

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley - IEEE
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 866

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

This book provides a common framework for mobility management that considers the theoretical and practical aspects of systems optimization for mobile networks.

In this book, the authors show how an optimized system of mobility management can improve the quality of service in existing forms of mobile communication. Furthermore, they provide a theoretical approach to mobility management, as well as developing the model for systems optimization, including practical case studies using network layer and mobility layer protocols in different deployment scenarios.  The authors also address the different ways in which the specific mobility protocol can be developed, taking into account numerous factors including security, configuration, authentication, quality of service, and movement patterns of the mobiles.

Key Features:

• Defines and discusses a common set of optimization methodologies and their application to all mobility protocols for both IPv4 and IPv6 networks
• Applies these technologies in the context of various layers: MAC layer, network layer, transport layer and application layer covering 802.11, LTE, WiMax, CDMA networks and protocols such as SIP, MIP, HIP, VoIP, and many more
• Provides a thorough analysis of the required steps during a mobility event such as discovery, network selection, configuration, authentication, security association, encryption, binding update, and media direction
• Includes models and tables illustrating the analysis of mobility management as well as architecture of sample wireless and mobility test beds built by the authors, involving inter-domain and intra-domain mobility scenarios

This book is an excellent resource forprofessionals and systems architects in charge of designing wireless networks for commercial (3G/4G), LTE, IMS, military and Ad Hoc environment. It will be useful deployment guide for the architects wireless service providers. Graduate students, researchers in industry and academia, and systems engineers will also find this book of interest.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

About the Authors

Foreword

Preface

Organization of the Book

Intended audience

Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Types of Mobility

1.2 Performance Requirements

1.3 Motivation

1.4 Summary of Key Contributions

Chapter 2: Analysis of Mobility Protocols for Multimedia

2.1 Summary of Key Contributions and Indicative Results

2.2 Introduction

2.3 Cellular 1G

2.4 Cellular 2G Mobility

2.5 Cellular 3G Mobility

2.6 4G Networks

2.7 IP-Based Mobility

2.8 Heterogeneous Handover

2.9 Multicast Mobility

2.10 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 3: Systems Analysis of Mobility Events

3.1 Summary of Key Contributions and Indicative Results

3.2 Introduction

3.3 Analysis of Handoff Components

3.4 Effect of Handoff across Layers

3.5 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 4: Modeling Mobility

4.1 Summary of Key Contributions and Indicative Results

4.2 Introduction

4.3 Related Work

4.4 Modeling Mobility as a Discrete-Event Dynamic System

4.5 Petri Net Primitives

4.6 Petri-Net-Based Modeling Methodologies

4.7 Resource Utilization during Handoff

4.8 Data Dependency Analysis of the Handoff Process

4.9 Petri Net Model for Handoff

4.10 Petri-Net-Based Analysis of Handoff Event

4.11 Evaluation of Systems Performance Using Petri Nets

4.12 Opportunities for Optimization

4.13 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 5: Layer 2 Optimization

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Related Work

5.3 IEEE 802.11 Standards

5.4 Handoff Procedure with Active Scanning

5.5 Fast-Handoff Algorithm

5.6 Implementation

5.7 Measurements

5.8 Measurement Results

5.9 Conclusions and Future Work

Chapter 6: Mobility Optimization Techniques

6.1 Summary of Key Contributions and Indicative Results

6.2 Introduction

6.3 Discovery

6.5 Layer 3 Configuration

6.6 Layer 3 Security Association

6.7 Binding Update

6.8 Media Rerouting

6.9 Media Buffering

6.10 Route Optimization

6.11 Media-Independent Cross-Layer Triggers

6.12 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 7: Optimization with Multilayer Mobility Protocols

7.1 Summary of Key Contributions and Indicative Results

7.2 Introduction

7.3 Key Principles

7.4 Related Work

7.5 Multilayer Mobility Approach

7.6 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 8: Optimizations for Simultaneous Mobility

8.1 Summary of Key Contributions and Indicative Results

8.2 Introduction

8.3 Illustration of the Simultaneous Mobility Problem

8.4 Related Work

8.5 Key Optimization Techniques

8.6 Analytical Framework

8.7 Analyzing the Simultaneous Mobility Problem

8.8 Probability of Simultaneous Mobility

8.9 Solutions

8.10 Application of Solution Mechanisms

8.11 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 9: Handoff Optimization for Multicast Streaming

9.1 Summary of Key Contributions and Indicative Results

9.2 Introduction

9.3 Key Principles

9.4 Related Work

9.5 Mobility in a Hierarchical Multicast Architecture

9.6 Optimization Techniques for Multicast Media Delivery

9.7 Experimental Results and Performance Analysis

9.8 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 10: Cooperative Roaming

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Related Work

10.3 IP Multicast Addressing

10.4 Cooperative Roaming

10.5 Cooperative Authentication

10.6 Security

10.7 Streaming Media Support

10.8 Bandwidth and Energy Usage

10.9 Experiments

10.10 Application Layer Mobility

10.11 Load Balancing

10.12 Multicast and Scalability

10.13 An Alternative to Multicast

10.14 Conclusions and Future Work

Chapter 11: System Evaluation

11.1 Summary of Key Contributions and Indicative Results

11.2 Introduction

11.3 Experimental Validation

11.5 Systems Validation Using Petri-Net-Based Models

11.6 Scheduling Handoff Operations

11.7 Verification of Systems Performance

11.8 Petri-Net-Based Modeling for Multi-Interface Mobility

11.9 Deadlocks in Handoff Scheduling

11.10 Analysis of Level of Concurrency and Resources

11.11 Trade-off Analysis for Proactive Handoff

11.12 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 12: Conclusions

12.1 General Principles of Mobility Optimization

12.2 Summary of Contributions

12.3 Future Work

A: RDF Schema for Application Layer Discovery

A.1 Schema Primitives

B: Definitions of Mobility-Related Terms

References

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction

List of Illustrations

Figure 1.1

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

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Table 11.10

MOBILITY PROTOCOLS AND HANDOVER OPTIMIZATION

DESIGN, EVALUATION AND APPLICATION

Ashutosh Dutta

AT&T, USA

Henning Schulzrinne

Columbia University, USA

© 2014, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Dutta, Ashutosh.

Mobility protocols and handover optimization : design, evaluation and application / Ashutosh Dutta, Henning Schulzrinne.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-470-74058-3 (hardback)

1. Mobile communication systems. 2. Computer network protocols. I. Schulzrinne, Henning. II. Title.

TK6570.M6D84 2014

621.3845′6—dc23

2013036263

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 978-0-470-74058-3

1 2014

To my parents Ganesh and Pratima Dutta, my in-laws Late Haripada and Rekha De, my wife Sarmistha, my sons Srijoy and Arijit, and my family and friends. Their constant inspiration and support were invaluable while writing this book.

Ashutosh Dutta

To Carol, Nathan, and Ilta

Henning Schulzrinne

About the Authors

Dr. Ashutosh Dutta obtained his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University, an M.S. in Computer Science from NJIT, USA, and a BSEE from NIT, Rourkela, India. As a seasoned mobility and security architect and an accomplished networking and computer science expert with 20-plus years' experience, Ashutosh has directed multiple IT operations, has led research and development for leading global technology corporations and top universities, and has in-depth expertise in developing and implementing research, analysis, and design initiatives.

His career, spanning 25 years, includes positions as LMTS (Lead Member of Technical Staff) at AT&T, New Jersey; CTO Wireless at NIKSUN, New Jersey; Senior Scientist at Telcordia Technologies, New Jersey; Director of Central Research Facilities at Columbia University, New York; and Computer Engineer at TATA Motors, India. Ashutosh's research interests include wireless Internet, multimedia signaling, mobility management, 4G networks, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), VoIP, and session control protocols. He has published more than 80 conference and journal papers and Internet drafts, and three book chapters, and has given tutorials on mobility management at various conferences. Ashutosh has 21 issued security- and mobility-related US patents. Ashutosh serves as the Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility published by River Publishers.

Ashutosh is a senior member of the IEEE and ACM. He has served as an IEEE volunteer and leader at the section, region, chapter, society, MGA, and EAB levels. Ashutosh is a recipient of the 2009 IEEE Region 1, IEEE MGA, and 2010 IEEE-USA Leadership Awards.

Professor Henning Schulzrinne, Levi Professor of Computer Science at Columbia University, received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Massachusetts. He was an MTS at AT&T Bell Laboratories and an associate department head at GMD-Fokus in Berlin before joining the Computer Science and Electrical Engineering departments at Columbia University. He served as Chair of the Department of Computer Science from 2004 to 2009 and as Engineering Fellow at the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 2010 and 2011, and has been Chief Technology Officer at the FCC since 2012.

He has published more than 250 journal and conference papers, and more than 70 Internet RFCs. Some of the protocols codeveloped by him, such as RTP, RTSP, and SIP, are now Internet standards, used in almost all Internet telephony and multimedia applications. His research interests include Internet multimedia systems, ubiquitous computing, and mobile systems.

He is a Fellow of the IEEE; has received the New York City Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology, the VON Pioneer Award, the TCCC serviceaward, the IEEE Region 1 William Terry Award for Lifetime Distinguished Service to the IEEE, and the UMass Computer Science Outstanding Alumni recognition; and is a member of the Internet Hall of Fame.

Foreword

In today's world, ubiquitous computing and wireless Internet roaming have become the norm. Pervasiveness needs to support secured and seamless mobility among heterogeneous access networks. During a mobility event, the user of a mobile device changes its point of attachment, and the existing communication is degraded because of the need to manage mobility at multiple layers. Though protocols have been proposed to manage these different layers, there is no systematic method for comprehensive analysis of a mobility event. An optimized mobility management scheme would handle mobility efficiently without degrading quality of service.

While numerous mobility protocols for different layers have been designed to support these kinds of handoffs, most optimization techniques are ad hoc and tightly coupled to a specific mobility protocol. It is essential we develop optimization techniques in a systematic way, so that they may be applied to any type of mobility protocol. These would take into account factors such as security, configuration, authentication, quality of service, and the mobile's movement pattern.

By having a common framework and set of abstract functions that define mobility events, it will be easier to analyze any related protocol and derive associated optimization techniques. There is a dire need for a reference tool that details current best practices and provides a common framework to analyze the performance of mobility protocols and establish a set of versatile systems optimization techniques.

This book is intended to fill that void. It provides a theoretical approach to the management mobility events and develops this common framework, based on practical results from case studies of service provider, enterprise, military, and vehicular networks. It provides widely applicable deployment guidelines, and proposes a formal analysis of the mobility event that is unique and has not been presented in any other book. The book also introduces an abstract model that can be used to evaluate various types of optimization methodologies. By having such a model, it is easier to choose or design a set of protocols that can provide an optimized mobility management scheme specific to a customer's requirements.

Both advanced professionals and specialists responsible for designing future wireless networks will find this book useful. Graduate-level students will learn about the theory of mobility management and associated optimization techniques for different mobility protocols. This book describes new research ideas for providing a quality-of-service guarantee in terms of delay, packet loss, and resource utilization. Network designers can use this book to study the fundamental steps associated with a mobility event and to determine the basic principles of systems optimization for the steps of a handoff, and will find principles that can be appliedto any mobility protocol to achieve a desired quality of service, even with constrained resource parameters, in support of both real-time and non-real-time applications.

The authors Ashutosh Dutta and Henning Schulzrinne are well versed in the theoretical knowledge of mobility protocols, wireless Internet, and cellular systems, not to mention practical experience in developing and deploying mobile systems and networks. They are highly qualified to explain the details of different types of mobility protocols, handover optimization, and evaluation, and their application in different deployment scenarios.

Ashutosh Dutta is an accomplished networking and computer science professional with over 25 years of experience in directing multiple IT operations, designing and implementing enterprise-level and wide-area-level networks, and conducting research and development for leading global telecom corporations and academic institutions. He brings forth a unique combination of research, development, network performance analysis, deployment, and standards experience that gives him the ability to blend the theoretical aspects with best practices. Many of the results and experiments illustrated in the book are from the mobility test beds that he has designed and implemented. His 80-plus publications and 21 patents in the mobility and security areas make him an ideal contributor to this book.

Henning Schulzrinne, often known as the “father of Internet telephony,” has published more than 70 Internet RFCs, 250 publications, and multiple patents. Some of the protocols codeveloped by him are Internet standards today, used by almost all the popular Internet telephony and multimedia applications. He designed the original version of the application layer mobility protocol known as SIP. Henning has more than 25 years of experience as a chaired professor at Columbia University, a researcher at Bell Labs, a leader in the IETF, and a chief technology officer at the FCC. As a Ph.D. student advisor, Henning has guided numerous systems- and mobility-related Ph.D. theses. In fact, many of the book's chapters are based on Ashutosh's doctoral thesis work, conducted under Henning's supervision.

In summary, this book provides a comprehensive view of mobility management and optimization techniques by explaining different mobility protocols for various layers, as well as theory, design, and practical implementation and validation in mobility test beds. I recommend this book not only to networking professionals in charge of deploying enterprise and service provider mobility networks, but also to researchers, graduate students, systems engineers, and mobility architects.

Professor Zvi GalilJohn P. Imlay Jr. Dean of ComputingGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, USA

Preface

In a span of less than thirty years, cell phones have become ubiquitous, and wireless voice and data have become one of the most common methods of communication today. Wireless networks have also evolved to support much higher bandwidth and lower end-to-end delay, supporting delay-sensitive applications such as interactive voice and video. For example, the 1G and 2G networks that were deployed in the late 1980s and early 1990s could only support data rates of up to a few tens of kilobits per second, in addition to voice communication, but by the start of the new millennium, they had evolved into 3G networks supporting up to 2 Mb/s data rate. Currently, 4G networks, primarily based on LTE, HSPA+, and, to a lesser extent, WiMAX, are being deployed that support multimedia communication and provide data transfer rates up to 100 Mb/s while reducing access packet delay to 50 ms. As these networks have been improving, there has also been a dramatic growth in the use of mobile devices and bandwidth-intensive applications, primarily in entertainment and interactive video. All of these applications are sensitive to disruptions due to handoffs between different cell sites and networks. Driven by increased data needs and limited spectrum availability, cell sizes are shrinking, leading to further increases in handoff frequency.