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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Modeling of PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS Using MATLAB®
Provides simplified MATLAB® codes for analysis of photovoltaic systems, describes the model of the whole photovoltaic power system, and shows readers how to build these models line by line.
This book presents simplified coded models for photovoltaic (PV)-based systems using MATLAB® to help readers understand the dynamic behavior of these systems. Through the use of MATLAB®, the reader has the ability to modify system configuration, parameters, and optimization criteria. Topics covered include energy sources, storage, and power electronic devices. The book contains six chapters that cover systems’ components from the solar source to the end user. Chapter 1 discusses modeling of the solar source, and Chapter 2 discusses modeling of the PV source. Chapter 3 focuses on modeling of PV systems’ power electronic features and auxiliary power sources. Modeling of PV systems’ energy flow is examined in Chapter 4, while Chapter 5 discusses PV systems in electrical power systems. Chapter 6 presents an application of PV system models in systems’ size optimization. Common control methodologies applied to these systems are also modeled in this book.
- Covers the basic models of the whole PV power system, enabling the reader modify the models to provide different sizing and control methodologies
- Examines auxiliary components to PV systems, including wind turbines, diesel generators, and pumps
- Contains examples, drills, and codes
Modeling of Photovoltaic Systems Using MATLAB®: Simplified Green Codes is a reference for researchers, students, and engineers who work in the field of renewable energy, and specifically in PV systems.
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Seitenzahl: 160
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
COVER
TITLE PAGE
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
1 MODELING OF THE SOLAR SOURCE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 MODELING OF THE SUN POSITION
1.3 MODELING OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL SOLAR RADIATION
1.4 MODELING OF GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE
1.5 MODELING OF GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION ON A TILT SURFACE
1.6 MODELING OF SOLAR RADIATION BASED ON GROUND MEASUREMENTS
1.7 AI TECHNIQUES FOR MODELING OF SOLAR RADIATION
1.8 MODELING OF SUN TRACKERS
FURTHER READING
2 MODELING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SOURCE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MODELING OF SOLAR CELL BASED ON STANDARD TESTING CONDITIONS
2.3 MODELING OF SOLAR CELL TEMPERATURE
2.4 EMPIRICAL MODELING OF PV PANELS BASED ON ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
2.5 STATISTICAL MODELS FOR PV PANELS BASED ON ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
2.6 CHARACTERIZATION OF PV PANELS BASED ON ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
2.7 AI APPLICATION FOR MODELING OF PV PANELS
FURTHER READING
3 MODELING OF PV SYSTEM POWER ELECTRONIC FEATURES AND AUXILIARY POWER SOURCES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKERS
3.3 DC–AC INVERTERS
3.4 STORAGE BATTERY
3.5 MODELING OF WIND TURBINES
3.6 MODELING OF DIESEL GENERATOR
3.7 PV ARRAY TILT ANGLE
3.8 MOTOR PUMP MODEL IN PV PUMPING SYSTEM
FURTHER READING
4 MODELING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM ENERGY FLOW
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 ENERGY FLOW MODELING FOR STAND‐ALONE PV POWER SYSTEMS
4.3 ENERGY FLOW MODELING FOR HYBRID PV/WIND POWER SYSTEMS
4.4 ENERGY FLOW MODELING FOR HYBRID PV/DIESEL POWER SYSTEMS
4.5 CURRENT‐BASED MODELING OF PV/DIESEL GENERATOR/BATTERY SYSTEM CONSIDERING TYPICAL CONTROL STRATEGIES
FURTHER READING
5 PV SYSTEMS IN THE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM
5.1 OVERVIEW OF SMART GRIDS
5.2 OPTIMAL SIZING OF GRID‐CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM’S INVERTER
5.3 INTEGRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN POWER SYSTEM
5.4 RAPSim
FURTHER READING
6 PV SYSTEM SIZE OPTIMIZATION
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 STAND‐ALONE PV SYSTEM SIZE OPTIMIZATION
6.3 HYBRID PV SYSTEM SIZE OPTIMIZATION
6.4 PV PUMPING SYSTEM SIZE OPTIMIZATION
FURTHER READING
INDEX
END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
List of Tables
Chapter 02
TABLE 2.1 PV Module Datasheet
TABLE 2.2 Evaluation Statistics for All Models
TABLE 2.3 Statistical Values and Time Consumption of Methodologies in PV Output Current Prediction
Chapter 03
TABLE 3.1 Control Actions for Various Operating Points in the P&O Method
TABLE 3.2 The Characteristics of PMDC Motor
TABLE 3.3 The Characteristics of Pump
Chapter 04
TABLE 4.1 Comparison between Load‐Following and Cycle‐Charging Control Strategies of Hybrid PV/DG/Battery Systems
Chapter 05
TABLE 5.1 Inverter Models Coefficients
List of Illustrations
Chapter 01
FIGURE 1.1 Earth rotation orbit around the Sun.
FIGURE 1.2 The Sun’s altitude and azimuth angles.
FIGURE 1.3 Solar declination angle.
FIGURE 1.4 A day’s profile of the Sun’s altitude and azimuth angles (Example 1.2).
FIGURE 1.5 Spectral emissive power of a 288 K blackbody, for wavelengths in the range of (1–60) µm (Example 1.3).
FIGURE 1.6 Calculation of extraterrestrial solar radiation on a horizontal surface.
FIGURE 1.7 Daily extraterrestrial solar radiation for Nablus city (Example 1.4).
FIGURE 1.8 Components of global solar radiation on a horizontal surface.
FIGURE 1.9 Global solar radiation for Kuwait City (Example 1.5).
FIGURE 1.10 Solar radiation component on a tilted surface.
FIGURE 1.11 Global solar radiation on horizontal and tilted surfaces for Kuwait City (Example 1.6).
FIGURE 1.12 Modeling of global solar radiation on a horizontal surface using linear model.
FIGURE 1.13 Modeling of diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface using linear model.
FIGURE 1.14 Topology of the ANN used to model the global solar energy.
FIGURE 1.15 ANN model for diffuse solar energy prediction.
FIGURE 1.16 Hybrid ANN model for global and diffuse solar radiation prediction.
FIGURE 1.17 Prediction results of ANN model in Example 1.8.
FIGURE 1.18 GRNN model for solar radiation prediction.
FIGURE 1.19 CFNN model for solar radiation prediction.
FIGURE 1.20 Geometrical angles of the Sun’s projection.
FIGURE 1.21 Optimum tilt angle results (Example 1.9).
Chapter 02
FIGURE 2.1 Equivalent circuit of solar cell.
FIGURE 2.2 I–V characteristic curve of a solar cell.
FIGURE 2.3 I–V and P–V characteristic PV module at 1000 W/m
2
and 25°C (Example 2.1).
FIGURE 2.4 Double‐diode electrical equivalent circuit of solar cell.
FIGURE 2.5 Schematic diagram of a PV module.
FIGURE 2.6 I–V curve at two radiation values.
FIGURE 2.7 Effect of temperature on PV module.
FIGURE 2.8 Schematic diagram of GRNN.
FIGURE 2.9 Schematic diagram of CFNN.
FIGURE 2.10 Schematic diagram of FFNN.
FIGURE 2.11 Output current prediction for normal day in March using all models.
FIGURE 2.12 Output current prediction for cloudy day in March using all models.
FIGURE 2.13 Flowchart of the RF algorithm.
FIGURE 2.14 PV output current by ANN‐based model and RF model through 72 h.
FIGURE 2.15 I–V characterizing PV module using DE algorithm.
FIGURE 2.16 P–V characterizing PV module using DE algorithm.
Chapter 03
FIGURE 3.1 PV system operating points with varying loads.
FIGURE 3.2 I‐V curve under different values of radiation.
FIGURE 3.3 P‐V curve under different values of radiation.
FIGURE 3.4 P&O‐based MPPT method.
FIGURE 3.5 The basis of the IC method.
FIGURE 3.6 Incremental conductance method.
FIGURE 3.7 Typical efficiency curve for an inverter.
FIGURE 3.8 Inverter output model no. 1.
FIGURE 3.9 Inverter output model no. 2.
FIGURE 3.10 Physical model of the battery in the charging mode.
FIGURE 3.11 Wind turbine power characteristic curve.
FIGURE 3.12 Optimum monthly tilt angle for a PV array.
Chapter 04
FIGURE 4.1 Typical PV system components.
FIGURE 4.2 Flowchart for modeling a stand‐alone PV system.
FIGURE 4.3 Performance of the designed SAPV system.
FIGURE 4.4 Typical components of a hybrid PV/wind system.
FIGURE 4.5 Hybrid PV/diesel system configuration.
FIGURE 4.6 Flowchart for PV/diesel system simulation.
FIGURE 4.7 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/diesel system.
FIGURE 4.8 Flowchart of PV/DG/battery system model with load‐following dispatch strategy.
FIGURE 4.9 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/DG/battery system under fuzzy day (load following) no. 1.
FIGURE 4.10 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/DG/battery system under fuzzy day (load following) no. 2.
FIGURE 4.11 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/DG/battery system under clear sky day (load following) no. 1.
FIGURE 4.12 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/DG/battery system under clear sky day (load following) no. 2.
FIGURE 4.13 Flowchart of PV/DG/battery system model with cycle‐charging dispatch.
FIGURE 4.14 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/DG/battery system on a fuzzy day (cycle charging) no. 1.
FIGURE 4.15 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/DG/battery system on a fuzzy day (cycle charging) no. 2.
FIGURE 4.16 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/DG/battery system on a clear sky day (cycle charging) no. 1.
FIGURE 4.17 Performance of the designed hybrid PV/DG/battery system on a clear sky day (cycle charging) no. 2.
Chapter 05
FIGURE 5.1 Iterative method for determining the inverter size.
FIGURE 5.2 Searching for the optimum inverter size.
FIGURE 5.3 Schematic diagram of a grid‐connected PV system.
FIGURE 5.4 Flowchart of the general optimization technique for determining optimal placement and sizing of PVDG in a distribution system.
FIGURE 5.5 RAPSim graphical user interface.
FIGURE 5.6 A simple model.
FIGURE 5.7 Solution to Example 5.2.
FIGURE 5.8 Solution to Example 5.3.
FIGURE 5.9 Solution to Example 5.4.
Chapter 06
FIGURE 6.1 The proposed optimization algorithm for determining the design space at desired LLP.
FIGURE 6.2 The proposed cost function for obtaining optimal configuration.
FIGURE 6.3 Contour plot for different combinations of PV array and storage battery sizes at different LLP values.
FIGURE 6.4 Design space for the proposed SAPV system at an LLP of 0.01.
FIGURE 6.5 Building integrated hybrid PV/wind/diesel generating system.
FIGURE 6.6 The first phase of the proposed optimization algorithm.
FIGURE 6.7 The second phase of the proposed optimization algorithm.
FIGURE 6.8 Design space for the proposed hybrid PV/wind/diesel system subject to 1% LLP.
FIGURE 6.9 Flowchart of the proposed sizing method of PVPS.
FIGURE 6.10 Relationship between LCC and LLP for various PV array configurations.
FIGURE 6.11 Relationship between LLP and size of storage tank for 20 modules for PV array configuration.
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
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MODELING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS USING MATLAB®
Simplified Green Codes
TAMER KHATIBWILFRIED ELMENREICH
Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New JerseyPublished simultaneously in Canada
For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com.
The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Khatib, Tamer, 1985– | Elmenreich, Wilfried.Title: Modeling of photovoltaic systems using MATLAB® : simplified green codes / by Tamer Khatib, Wilfried Elmenreich.Description: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2016] | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2016015707 | ISBN 9781119118107 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119118121 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Photovoltaic power generation–Design and construction–Data processing. | MATLAB.Classification: LCC TK1087 .K53 2016 | DDC 621.31/244028553–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016015707
To my daughter Rayna who will be in a dire need for green energy when she understands the contents of this book and to my wife Aida.
Tamer Khatib
To my daughters Gretchen and Viviane and to my wife Claudia.
Wilfried Elmenreich
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Dr. Tamer Khatib, Energy Engineering and Environment Department, An‐Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Tamer is a photovoltaic power systems professional. He holds a B.Sc. degree in electrical power systems from An‐Najah National University, Palestine, as well as a M.Sc. and a Ph.D. degrees in photovoltaic power systems from National University of Malaysia, Malaysia. In addition, he holds a habilitation degree in renewable and sustainable energy from the University of Klagenfurt, Austria. Currently he is an assistant professor at Energy Engineering and Environment Department, An‐Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. So far, he has published over 85 published research articles, meanwhile his current h‐index is 14. Moreover, he has supervised six Ph.D. and four M.Sc. researches. He is a senior member of IEEE Power and Energy Society and member of the International Solar Energy Society.
Professor Dr. Wilfried Elmenreich, Smart Grids Group, Alpen‐Adria‐Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
Wilfried Elmenreich studied computer science at the Vienna University of Technology where he received his master’s degree in 1998. He became a research and teaching assistant at the Institute of Computer Engineering at Vienna University of Technology in 1999. He received his doctoral degree on the topic of time‐triggered sensor fusion in 2002 with distinction. From 1999 to 2007 he was the chief developer of the time‐triggered fieldbus protocol TTP/A and the Smart Transducer Interface standard. Elmenreich was a visiting researcher at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, in 2005 and at the CISTER/IPP‐HURRAY Research Unit at the Polytechnic Institute of Porto in 2007. By the end of 2007, he moved to the Alpen‐Adria‐Universität Klagenfurt to become a senior researcher at the Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems. Working in the area of cooperative relaying, he published two patents together. In 2008, he received habilitation in the area of computer engineering from Vienna University of Technology. In winter term 2012/2013 he was professor of complex systems engineering at the University of Passau. Since April 2013, he holds a professorship for Smart Grids at Alpen‐Adria‐Universität Klagenfurt. His research projects affiliate him also with the Lakeside Labs research cluster in Klagenfurt. He is a member of the senate of the Alpen‐Adria‐Universität Klagenfurt, senior member of IEEE, and counselor of Klagenfurt’s IEEE student branch. In 2012, he organized the international Advent Programming Contest. Wilfried was editor of four books and published over 100 papers in the field of networked and embedded systems.
FOREWORD
Recently, photovoltaic system theory became an important aspect that is considered in educational and technical institutions. Therefore, the theory of photovoltaic systems has been assembled and introduced in a number of elegant books. In the meanwhile, the modeling methodology of these systems must be also given a focus as the simulation of these systems is an essential part of the educational and the technical processes in order to understand the dynamic behavior of these systems. Thus, this book aims to present simplified coded models for these systems’ component using Matlab. The choice of Matlab codes stands behind the desire of giving the student or the engineer the ability of modifying system configuration, parameters, and rating freely. This book comes with five chapters covering system’s component from the solar source until the end user including energy sources, storage, and power electronic devices. Moreover, common control methodologies applied to these systems are also modeled. In addition to that auxiliary components to these systems such as wind turbine, diesel generators and pumps are considered as well.
In general the readership of this book includes researchers, students, and engineers who work in the field of renewable energy and specifically in photovoltaic system. Moreover, the book can be used mainly or partially as a textbook for the following courses:
Modeling of photovoltaic systems
Modeling of solar radiation components
Computer application for photovoltaic systems
Photovoltaic theory
The authors of this book believe that this book will helpful for any researcher who is interested in developing Matlab codes for photovoltaic systems, whereas many of the basic parts of system models are provided.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank Wiley publishing house’s editorial team including but not limited to Brett Kurzman, Kathleen Pagliaro, and Divya Narayanan for their kind cooperation. In addition to that, the authors would like to acknowledge the valued contribution of Dr. Ammar Mohammed Ameen, Dr. Dhiaa Halboot Muhsen, Eng. Ibrahim A. Ibrahim, Dr. Aida Fazliana Abdul Kadir, Dr. Manfred Rabl‐Pochacker, Dr. Andrea Monacchi, Dr. Dominik Egarter, Ms. Kornelia Lienbacher, and Professor Dr. Azah Mohamed to this book.
