Moral Leadership E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: J-B Warren Bennis Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 621

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Moral Leadership brings together in one comprehensive volumeessays from leading scholars in law, leadership, psychology,political science, and ethics to provide practical, theoreticalpolicy guidance. The authors explore key questions about moralleadership such as: * How do leaders form, sustain, and transmit moralcommitments? * Under what conditions are those processes most effective? * What is the impact of ethics officers, codes, trainingprograms, and similar initiatives? * How do standards and practices vary across context andculture? * What can we do at the individual, organizational, and societallevel to foster moral leadership? Throughout the book, the contributors identify what people know,and only think they know, about the role of ethics in keydecision-making positions. The essays focus on issues such as thedefinition and importance of moral leadership and the factors thatinfluence its exercise, along with practical strategies forpromoting ethical behavior. Moral Leadership addresses thedynamics of moral leadership, with particular emphasis on majorobstacles that stand in its way: impaired judgment, self-interest,and power. Finally, the book explores moral leadership in a varietyof contexts?business and the professions, nonprofit organizations,and the international arena.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title

Copyright

Dedication

Foreword

INTRODUCTION: WHERE IS THE LEADERSHIP IN MORAL LEADERSHIP?

Moral Leadership Defined

The Historical Backdrop and Current Need for Moral Leadership

Doing Good and Doing Well: When Does Ethics Pay?

Individual and Contextual Dimensions of Moral Conduct

Strategies of Moral Leadership

Promoting Moral Leadership

Part One: ETHICAL JUDGMENT

1: MAKING SENSE OF MORAL MELTDOWNS

The Ethical Dimension: Adversarial Ethics

The Cultural Dimension: America’s Love Affair with Winners

The Economic Dimension: The Feudal and Socialist Character of American Capitalism

The Psychological Dimension: Cognitive Dissonance and Moral Compass

Lessons for Leaders?

2: THREE PRACTICAL CHALLENGES OF MORAL LEADERSHIP

Time

Ambivalence

Sense of Self

Conclusion

3: ETHICAL JUDGMENT AND MORAL LEADERSHIP

Ethical Fading

Contextualizing Ethics

The Need for Moral Courage

Conclusion

4: MORALS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS

A Priori Versus Conventional Ethics

Individual-Level Morality Versus Institutional Arrangements

Political Versus Legal and Regulatory Agency Control

Division of Labor in Official Ethics

Conflicts of Interest

Three Potential Distortions

Conclusion

Part Two: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF POWER

5: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF POWER

Locating Evil Within Particular People: The Rush to Judgment

Blind Obedience to Authority: The Milgram Investigations

Ten Steps to Creating Evil Traps for Good People

On Being Anonymous: Deindividuation and Destructiveness

Cultural Wisdom: How to Make Warriors Kill in Battle But Not at Home

Moral Disengagement and Dehumanization

Suspension of the Usual Cognitive Controls Guiding Moral Action

The Hostile Imagination Created by Faces of the Enemy

Can Ordinary Old Men Become Murderers Overnight?

Educating Hatred and Destructive Imaginations

The Stanford Prison Experiment: Institutional and Systemic Power to Corrupt

The Evil of Inaction

Torturers and Executioners: Pathological Types or Situational Imperatives?

Suicide Bombers: Mindless Fanatics or Mindful Martyrs?

Summing Up Before Moving On

Understanding What Went Wrong in Abu Ghraib Prison

Promoting Civic Virtue, Moral Engagement, and Human Goodness

6: TAMING POWER

Candidate Variables for Taming Power

Social-Structural Candidate Variables

Taming Power: An Analogy and a Vision

7: POWER AND MORAL LEADERSHIP

Status Endowed: The Rise of the Impulsive

Power and the Pursuit of Self-Interest

Power and the Ideology of Self-Interest

Power and Solipsistic Social Environments

Leveling Mechanisms

Conclusions and Future Directions

Part Three: SELF-SACRIFICE AND SELF-INTEREST

8: ORCHESTRATING PROSOCIAL MOTIVES

Motives as Goal-Directed Forces

Four Types of Prosocial Motivation

Conflict

Orchestration

Conclusion

9: SELF-SACRIFICE AND SELF-INTEREST

Adherence to Rules

Models of Human Motivation

Alternative Models

Evidence for the Value-Based Approach

Procedural Justice

Implications for Moral Leadership

Defining Procedural Justice

Conclusion

Part Four: SERVING THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE PUBLIC SECTOR

10: STRATEGIC PHILANTHROPY AND ITS MALCONTENTS

The Idea of Strategic Philanthropy

Two Qualifications

In Defense of Strategic Philanthropy

The Critique of Venture Philanthropy and the Value of General Operating Support

11: ETHICS AND PHILANTHROPY

Funding Ethics

Foundation Accountability

Philanthropy and Public Goods

Part Five: MORAL LEADERSHIP

12: EXERCISING MORAL COURAGE

Who Are the Management Students?

Unlearning the Myths of the Inexperienced

Doing the Right Thing: Powerlessness Corrupts

The Role of Business as a Societal Force

Moral Leadership: Expanding the Zone of Acceptability

13: PERSPECTIVES ON GLOBAL MORAL LEADERSHIP

What Is Global Moral Leadership?

Who Is a Global Moral Leader?

Characteristics of a Global Moral Leader

What Are Global Moral Values?

Conclusion

Notes

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Index

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

12: EXERCISING MORAL COURAGE

Figure 12.1. Zone of Acceptability

Figure 12.2. Expanding the Zone of Acceptability

List of Tables

8: ORCHESTRATING PROSOCIAL MOTIVES

Table 8.1. Four Prosocial Motives

12: EXERCISING MORAL COURAGE

Table 12.1. The Reality of Managing and Leading

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Praise for Moral Leadership

“This collection of essays takes a fresh look at one of today’s most urgent concerns: moral leadership in the public domain. The book is important reading for anyone who believes that moral leadership may still be possible, even during a time of ethical degradation in many key social institutions.”

—William Damon, professor of education, Stanford University

“A stellar group of well-known thinkers. A topic of commanding importance. Articles that make hard ideas fascinating and readable. What’s not to like in this striking new collection of essays? It is hands-down the best anthology on practical ethics to appear in many years.”

—Thomas Donaldson, Mark O. Winkelman Professor, the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania

“The heavy hitters in business ethics are well represented in this timely volume. Their message is of compelling interest to scholars and business leaders alike.”

—Robert H. Frank, Henrietta Johnson Louis Professor of Management and professor of economics, Cornell University

A WARREN BENNIS BOOK

This collection of books is devoted exclusively to new and exemplary contributions to management thought and practice. The books in this series are addressed to thoughtful leaders, executives, and managers of all organizations who are struggling with and committed to responsible change. My hope and goal is to spark new intellectual capital by sharing ideas positioned at an angle to conventional thought—in short, to publish books that disturb the present in the service of a better future.

Books in the Warren Bennis Signature Series

Branden

Self-Esteem at Work

Mitroff, Denton

A Spiritual Audit of Corporate America

Schein

The Corporate Culture Survival Guide

Sample

The Contrarian’s Guide to Leadership

Lawrence, Nohria

Driven

Cloke, Goldsmith

The End of Management and the Rise ofOrganizational Democracy

Glen

Leading Geeks

Cloke, Goldsmith

The Art of Waking People Up

George

Authentic Leadership

Kohlrieser

Hostage at the Table

Rhode

Moral Leadership

Moral Leadership

The Theory and Practice of Power, Judgment, and Policy

Deborah L. Rhode

Warren Bennis

Copyright © 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by Jossey-BassA Wiley Imprint989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741 www.josseybass.com

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Moral leadership : the theory and practice of power, judgment, and policy / by Deborah L. Rhode, editor ; foreword by Warren Bennis.

         p. cm.  Includes bibliographical references and index.  ISBN-13: 978-0-7879-8282-9 (cloth : alk. paper)  ISBN-10: 0-7879-8282-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Business ethics. 2. Management—Moral and ethical aspects. 3. Leadership—Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Social responsibility of business. I. Rhode, Deborah L.  HF5387.M649 2006  174'.4—dc22

2006008774

For Lawrence Quill

Foreword

“The trouble with the world is that everyone has his reasons.”

—Jean Renoir

Books of readings—compendia, collections, and anthologies, that sort of undertaking—are notoriously difficult to pull off. Especially those with original essays. To begin with, publishers don’t like them because they, er, don’t sell. And mostly for good reasons: the typical anthology includes a dizzying assortment of unrelated papers fastened uneasily together by typographic artifices. We’re all too familiar with the usual pitfalls: papers of uneven quality; first drafts that were never quite in shape and were gathering dust in some desk drawer; and assemblages of articles that fit uneasily, like unmatched socks. Most important, many such “readers” lack a clear and coherent conceptual armature.

Deborah Rhode’s choices of authors and their seminal contributions is a relief, a startlingly fresh exception to all of the usual mishaps that beleaguer those intrepid souls who agree to undertake such a thankless task. Rhode’s challenge is unusually daunting: to create a framework that is useful, balanced, objective, and with a carapace generous enough to address the key aspects of a topic as forebodingly complex as “moral leadership.” This book—it’s not bold or hyperbolic to say—will soon become required reading for anyone who wants to understand the vexing issues that inhere in this complicated topic.

As a veteran “foreword writer” who’s come in from the cold, I long ago vowed that I would never write another one. The importance of this book made it an obligation. First of all, Rhode’s introductory essay is a masterpiece. With super lucidity she confronts the issues and conundrums facing this nascent field of inquiry. If some of the other essays didn’t measure up to her standard, I would stop here and simply say as they do on menus, “that one alone is worth the price of admission.” Well, Rhode’s is, but there are many others and to mention one would imply that others weren’t of the same quality; that’s not the case.

There are two reasons for my enthusiasm. First, all of the authors know what they’re talking about. They do not avoid complexity or try to avoid the dangerous shoals of this regularly contested terrain. Whether they dwell on the dispositional factors, as some do, or situational factors, which others do, or the systemic factors, as still others do, their eyes are wide open and make legitimate their own dubiety. Second, the values they express, indirectly or directly, comport with what our democratic institutions should be about: transparency, freedom, parity, and moral awareness of its leaders. Not only did I feel uplifted reading this book, I felt that it helped to disperse the shadows where moral leadership restlessly resides. This book should make it more difficult for leaders to hold on to the “reasons” that trouble the world.

March 2006

Warren Bennis

WB Series Editor

Santa Monica, California

INTRODUCTION: WHERE IS THE LEADERSHIP IN MORAL LEADERSHIP?

Deborah L. Rhode

Moral leadership has always been with us, but only recently has the concept attracted systematic attention. Political philosophers dating from the early Greeks and theologians dating from the Middle Ages occasionally discussed virtue in the context of leadership.1 However, not until the later half of the twentieth century did leadership or business ethics emerge as distinct fields of study, and attention to their overlap has been intermittent and incomplete. In the United States, it took a succession of scandals to launch moral leadership as an area of research in its own right. Price fixing in the 1950s, defense contracting in the 1960s, Watergate and securities fraud in the 1970s, savings and loans and political abuses in the 1980s, and massive moral meltdowns in the corporate sector in the late 1990s and early 2000s underscored the need for greater attention to ethics.

Moral leadership is now in a boom cycle. At last count, a Web search revealed some forty-seven thousand sites. National leaders have clamoured that “Something Must Be Done.”2 Dutiful platitudes have been uttered, and a thriving cottage industry has been churning out courses, commissions, conferences, and consultants.

Parodies of all of the above also have been in ample supply. In the post-Watergate era, cartoonist Gary Trudeau satirized hastily assembled professional ethics courses as “trendy lip service to our better selves.” The 1980s and 1990s debacles prompted publications like Wall Street Ethics, which opened to nothing but blank pages. And Enron and its disciples have generated comparable comic relief. The New York Times Magazine ran a mock job application for a corporate ethics officer that included multiple-choice questions such as the following:

Experience (check all that apply)

MFA in fiction writing

Accounting Department, Enron

Congressman

Analogies

Please choose the best word or phrase to complete the analogy.

Shoplifting is to accident as accounting fraud is to

a. misunderstanding

b. rounding error

c. friendly disagreement

d. subject to interpretation

e. impossible

I believe that the truth is

objective

subjective

for sale

3

The New Yorker featured a similar spoof under the caption, “Bush, Cheney Blister Shady Business Ethics.” In this account, the president displayed his customary “can-do attitude” in solving the “real problems facing American business,” such as theft of hotel shampoo, soap, and sewing kits by corporate executives traveling at company expense. To combat such abuses, the president reportedly announced plans to form a “cabinet level department of Homeland Personal Toiletries.”