NanoInnovation E-Book

Michael Tomczyk

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 743

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

NanoInnovation: What Every Manager Needs to Know is the most comprehensive book written to-date on innovative technologies and applications in the field of nanotechnology. Author Michael Tomczyk conducted more than 150 interviews with nano-insiders to present the inside story of scientific discoveries, research breakthroughs, and commercial products and applications that are already changing our lives, thanks to the remarkable ability to manipulate atoms and molecules at the nanoscale.

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Cover

Related Titles

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I: What You Know (or Don't Know) about Nanoinnovation

Chapter 1: Quick – Name Something “Nano”

Your Nano I.Q

Chapter 2: A Quick-Start Guide: 10 Things You Should Know About Nanoinnovation

2.1 10 Things You Should Know about Nanoinnovation

References

Part II: The Science of Nanoinnovation

Chapter 3: What Nanoscientists Are Working On

3.1 Using Nanoscience to Solve Puzzles and Unlock Innovations

3.2 Solid Smoke: Catching the Comet's Tail

3.3 Turning DNA into Boxes, Lattices, and Pyramids

3.4 How Nanoinnovation Is Extending Moore's Law

3.5 Invisibility Cloaks, Optical Tweezers, and Nanophotonics

3.6 Nanoscience Wild Cards: Will Tree Lights Replace Streetlights?

3.7 Science Genius versus Commercial Challenge

3.8 Nanoscience Pioneers Are Mapping the Future

References

Chapter 4: Imaging the Unseen: Viewing Structures Smaller than Light Waves

4.1 What Nano Images Reveal

4.2 Using Electrons Instead of Light to View Nanoscale Structures

4.3 A Short History of Nanoscale Imaging

4.4 Different Types of Nanoscale Microscopes

4.5 Bringing Biological Nanostructures into Focus

4.6 Using Optical Imaging Systems to View Nanoscale Structures

4.7 Probing the Future

4.8 Nanoscopes on Mars

4.9 The Future of Nanoscale Imaging

References

Chapter 5: Where Nanoscience Becomes Nanoart

5.1 Holistic Nano at the Convergence of Nanobliss, Nanoform, and Nanofunction

5.2 Innovating at the Convergence of Biomimetics, Nanoart, and Nanoscience

5.3 Using Art to Conceptualize the Future

Reference

Part III: The Business of Nanoinnovation

Chapter 6: Lessons from the First Wave of Nanoventures

6.1 The First Wave of Nanoventures

6.2 Zyvex: Divide and Conquer

6.3 Zyvex Piranha: The First Carbon Nanotube Boat

6.4 Nantero: Patent, Fabricate, Outsource

6.5 QuantumSphere: Competitive Catalysts

6.6 InsituTec: From Grad Students to Commercial Venture

6.7 Nanocomp: Taking Nanotubes to Jupiter and Beyond

6.8 Nanosys: Resurrection and Redemption

6.9 Graphene Frontiers: Commercializing Graphene

6.10 Carbon Nanotechnologies: Early Promise, Not Fulfilled

References

Chapter 7: Implementing Your Nanoinnovation Strategy

7.1 A Sense-Making Framework for Nanoinnovators

7.2 10 Strategic Questions that Nanoinnovators Need to Ask

7.3 Where to Learn About Nanoinnovation

Reference

Chapter 8: International Perspectives

8.1 The Critical Role of Nanoinnovation Ecosystems

8.2 Nanoinnovation in the Asia–Pacific Region

8.3 Nanoinnovation in Latin America

8.4 Nanoinnovation in the European Community

8.5 Insights from Selected Nanoinnovation Ecosystems

8.6 Critical Issues for International Nanoinnovation

8.7 Nanoinnovation for the Bottom of the Pyramid

References

Part IV: Where Bio Meets Nano

Chapter 9: Innovation at the Frontiers of Nanomedicine

9.1 Medical Miracles and the Nanomedicine Landscape

References

Chapter 10: Areas Where Nanoinnovations Are Creating Medical Miracles

10.1 Smart Pills and Wearable Sensors = Digital Medicine

10.2 Organs-on-a-Chip

10.3 Growing Your Own Replacement Organs

10.4 Tumor-Seeking Nanoparticles

10.5 Nanosizing Drugs

10.6 Gene Therapy: The First Breakthroughs (At Last)

10.7 DRACO: Designing a “Kill Switch” for Viral Diseases

10.8 Nanoinnovation in the Decade of Diagnostics

10.9 In Search of the Star Trek Tricorder

10.10 Nanobacteria: The Smallest Life-Form?

References

Chapter 11: Nanomimicry: Cool Things We Can Do with Nanobiology

11.1 Turning DNA into Nanocomputers

11.2 Turning DNA into “Walking” Nanorobots

11.3 Nanomimicry: Learning from Nature at the Nanoscale

11.4 Mimicking Geckos to Create Glue

11.5 Biomimicking the Waterproofing Properties of Butterfly Wings

References

Chapter 12: Nanotechnology: Is It Safe?

12.1 Early Experience with Nano Safety

12.2 What We Know about Nanoparticle Risks

12.3 The Regulatory Climate and Safety Knowledge Gaps

12.4 Perspectives of Nano-Insiders

References

Chapter 13: Prologue to the Future What's Next?: Predictions and Possibilities

13.1 Keeping Nanoinnovation on Your Radar Screen

References

Appendix A: Answers to the Nano I.Q. Quiz

Appendix B: Carbon Nanotubes: Company List

Appendix C: University Nanotechnology Research and Educational Centers

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8

Figure 2.9

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Figures 3.9

Figures 3.10

Figure 3.11

Figure 3.12

Figure 3.13

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5

Figure 4.6

Figure 4.7

Figure 4.8

Figure 4.9

Figure 5.1

Figure 5.2

Figure 5.3

Figure 5.4

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.5

Figure 6.6

Figure 7.1

Figure 8.1

Figures 8.2

Figures 8.3

Figure 8.4

Figure 8.5

Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2

Figure 10.1

Figure 10.2

Figure 10.3

Figure 10.4

Figure 10.5

Figure 10.6

Figure 10.7

Figure 10.8

Figures 10.9 and 10.10

Figure 10.11

Figure 10.12

Figure 10.13

Figure 10.14

Figure 10.15

Figure 10.16

Figure 10.17

Figure 10.18

Figure 10.19

Figure 11.1

Figures 11.2

Figure 11.3

Figure 11.4

Figure 12.1

Figure 12.2

Figure 12.3

Figure 13.1

Figure 13.2

Figure 13.3

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

Part 1

Chapter 1

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Fecht, H., Werner, M., Van de Voorde, M. (eds.)

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NanoInnovation

What Every Manager Needs to Know

Michael Tomczyk

All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.

Library of Congress Card No.: applied for

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.

© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany

All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

Print ISBN: 978-3-527-32672-3

ePDF ISBN: 978-3-527-65007-1

ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-65006-4

Mobi ISBN: 978-3-527-65005-7

oBook ISBN: 978-3-527-65004-0

Dedication

This book is dedicated to

Fred Kavli (1927–2013)

Founder and Chairman, The Kavli Foundation

This book is dedicated to the late Fred Kavli. I was privileged to meet Fred in 2011 at the Wharton School when he was being presented with the Franklin Institute's Bower Award for Business Leadership. He provided the following quotation for this book, although sadly he did not live to see it published:

“We cannot predict the future and foresee all the revolutionary developments that nanotechnology will bring us, but it gives us confidence that our rate of development and discovery will follow the logarithmic curve and maintain an ever-increasing rate of expansion and discovery to bring us a future that is so revolutionary that we cannot even imagine it today anymore that we could imagine the revolution that the transistor would bring when it was discovered in the 1940's.”

Figure 1 Fred Kavli and Michael Tomczyk.

Fred was a Norwegian (and naturalized American) entrepreneur, inventor, and philanthropist who used his wealth to fund the Kavli Foundation, Kavli Prize, and Kavli Institutes, including the Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology at Harvard University. As you can see from this photo, the octogenarian retained his enthusiasm throughout his life and is a wonderful example of a world-class innovation champion.

Preface

In 2000, I was giving a series of presentations to industry and academic groups on radical innovations that have the potential to reshape the future, and one of these innovations was nanotechnology. At the time, there was a lot of hype around “nano,” but I had the sense that most people didn't really understand what was really going on in the field. So I began asking my audiences, “Who can name one product that uses nanotechnology?”

To my amazement, most people couldn't name a single product. This happened year after year. In the fourth year, one hand went up and someone said, “carbon nanotubes.” At the time, I knew there were already more than a thousand products that used nanotechnology. Obviously, the business community needed to know more about nanoinnovation. At the same time, many of my colleagues in business were expressing frustration over the media hype and constant flow of “breakthrough” announcements that were causing a lot of confusion and misinformation. Finally, I decided to write a book that tells what's “really happening” in nanoinnovation – the book you're reading now.

I started by interviewing nano-insiders in business, government, science, and academia. Thanks to contacts shared by friends like Michael Terlaak and others and by using LinkedIn and other networking resources, I was able to interview more than 150 nano-insiders. Over time, I got to know many of the most prominent nano pioneers. I invited them to provide updates on their research at an annual event I hosted at the Wharton School called the Emerging Technologies Update Day.

Virtually everyone I contacted was eager to participate and to help convey the “real story” of nano. In addition, people in many countries worked behind the scenes to answer questions, provide details, and secure permission for nanoscale images. Some laboratory technicians took nanoscale photos especially for this book. Others provided me with background summaries of nanotech projects and details that are not yet public.

One of my most important challenges was to make this a dynamic publication. When I began this project, I noticed that a lot of nanotechnology books offered snapshots of innovations that quickly grew out-of-date, so I tried to take a slightly different approach. My goals were to make this a starting point, not an endpoint or snapshot. So I tried to design this as a dynamic living document that you the reader can use as a basis to continue your own investigations. Most of the nanoinnovations you'll learn about here will continue to evolve over time, and you can easily track their progress on the Internet and in science and business media.

Another goal of this book is to give credit to some truly impressive pioneers, and tell their stories in their own words where possible – because many of the most significant breakthroughs are the result of extraordinary personal effort. It's fascinating to learn, for example, how Ned Seeman gleaned a breakthrough idea from a woodcut on the wall of a pub while enjoying a beer, or how Tony Atala redesigned inkjet printers to “print” human organs. I also invited business entrepreneurs to discuss how they developed their ventures – including failures as well as successes.

This is not just a book about what's happening in nanotechnology – this is also a book about what you can make happen. You don't have to be a scientist to be a nanoinnovator, or to champion nanotechnology. I know this, because early in my career I was fortunate to play a role in developing and launching the world's first home computer (the Commodore VIC-20). I was not an engineer. I went to college in Oshkosh, Wisconsin and studied literature and journalism. After military service as a US Army officer, I earned an MBA from UCLA, fell in love with home computers, and played a lead role in developing and launching the first home computers at Commodore. My love affair with emerging technologies helped me to become a pioneer in home computing and kept me involved in innovation throughout my career, including 18 years at the Wharton School as Managing Director of the Emerging Technologies Management Research Program, the Mack Center for Technological Innovation, and the Mack Institute for Innovation Management. As my own story confirms, there are many paths that allow you to get involved in innovation.

Most of the nanotech pioneers you'll meet in this book did not start out specializing in nanotechnology. They come from physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, business, environmental technology, and other fields. Most are self-taught. For many researchers, nanotechnology was so new and different that it forced them to think in new and different ways. Their stories are fascinating.

One of the things we learn from their stories is that anyone can be a nanoinnovation champion. If you're in a company, you can support and cultivate an innovation culture that includes the manipulation of atoms and molecules in the R&D toolkit. If you're in marketing, think about how nanoinnovations will compete with existing technologies and change your industry. If you're managing a business, think about how nanotechnology will affect your organization, your industry, and your competitive markets. If you're a parent, encourage your children to study science and technology – especially nanotechnology. If you're a teacher, push to integrate nanotechnology in your school curriculum. Learn about nanotechnology and scan the horizon for emerging technologies and applications. If you're in a country that is out of the nanoinnovation mainstream, find ways to educate students and seed the nanoinnovation process. Focus on how nanotechnology can solve problems in your country, especially problems for which there are no other solutions.

As you read this book, keep thinking about how nanoinnovation will change your world. Will a new material made from carbon nanotubes or graphene replace plastic, steel, or aluminum? Will nanosensors create a “sensor revolution” where almost anything can be detected? Will nanomedicine cure diseases that have been stubbornly resistant to cures for decades or centuries? Will we be growing our own hearts and livers to replace failing, damaged, or even aging organs? Will we wrap buildings in nanoskins to regulate environmental conditions? Will we change the structure of materials by mimicking innovations created by Nature, such as creating a new type of dry adhesive by imitating the footpads of a lizard, or engineering a material based on the nanostructure of a butterfly's wing?

The answer is, these wondrous things are already happening. The revolution in nanotechnology is changing our lives, wherever we live on the planet. Many of these nanoinnovations are happening out of sight and are hidden from view in research laboratories. Some innovations are discussed only in specialized science, engineering, or medical journals. This book throws light on hidden corners of science and technology, just as nanoimaging systems reveal nanoscale objects that are smaller than visible light waves. It also gives you a portfolio of ideas and themes that belong on your radar screen, if you want to keep current on what will be happening in the coming decades, in nanotechnology and other areas.

These are exciting times to be involved in science, technology, and business. There have never been so many innovations poised to change our lives, from robots that walk and fly to genetic solutions that will save and prolong our lives. Everything is changing, from how we use mobile social media to communicate, to how we process and package food, to how we use energy. Most of these innovations are visible, but the science and technology that drives them is invisible, and that's why we need to know more about nanoinnovation.

I invite you to join me and millions of others who are helping to drive progress through nanoinnovation. Together, we can make the future happen faster.

Acknowledgments

I am extremely grateful to the many nano-insiders who devoted time to participate in interviews, discuss their research, share their personal stories, and read portions of my book to ensure I “got it right.” Many nano-insiders generously provided referrals and introductions to colleagues who allowed me to expand my network of nanotech professionals in science, business, government, and media.

I especially want to thank Michael Terlaak, founder of the Nanotechnology Research Foundation in San Diego, who provided referrals to numerous colleagues at the beginning of my research. This helped jump-start the interview process. Lynn Foster also opened his contact network to me and provided some excellent insights. My friend and colleague Brent Segal, cofounder of Nantero, provided a wonderful entree to critical issues in nanotechnology – by inviting me in 2007 to help organize and serve on the senior leadership of the IEEE/IEC project developing standards for the use of nanomaterials in electronics.

Several university colleagues at the Wharton School and University of Pennsylvania played an important role in my “academic development.” I want to thank Jerry Wind, Saikat Chaudhuri, and the Mack Institute's Core Group for giving me an informed vantage point on a wide array of emerging technologies during my more than 18 years at the Wharton School. I joined Wharton in 1995 to help launch the Emerging Technologies Management Program, which in 2001 became the Mack Center for Technological Innovation and in 2013 became the Mack Institute for Innovation Management. Throughout these changes I was privileged to provide managerial leadership as Managing Director, which kept me thinking constantly about radical innovations including nanotechnology.

I started writing this book while studying for my master's degree in environmental studies at the University of Pennsylvania. The research methodologies I learned during my graduate studies were immensely valuable. Yvette Bordeaux, who chaired the Master of Environmental Studies (MES) program at the University of Pennsylvania, helped me tailor my graduate studies to include nanotechnology in my curriculum, including a superb course on nanotechnology taught by Dr. Jody Roberts from the Chemical Heritage Society. My graduate advisor Stan Laskowski was extremely helpful and supportive.

I'm especially grateful to my editors at Wiley-VCH: Heike Noethe, my terrifically patient and absolutely awesome editor, and Martin Preuss who championed the book when I first presented the concept and got me started on the project. Dr. Noethe was patient, encouraging, generous, professional, constantly enthusiastic, and supportive. As an author, I couldn't ask for a better editor/publisher.