Nanotechnologies for Synthetic Super Non-wetting Surfaces E-Book

Vincent Senez

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 318

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Texturing surfaces at micro- and/or nano-scales modifies the interactions of liquids and solids. This book is a summary of the state of the art concerning the development and use of micro/nano-technologies for the design of synthetic liquid repellent surfaces with a particular focus on super-omniphobic materials. It proposes a comprehensive understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in the wetting of these surfaces and reviews emerging applications in various fields such as energy harvesting and biology, as well as highlighting the current limitations and challenges which are yet to be overcome.

Leseprobe

Contents

1 Nanotechnologies for Synthetic Super Non-wetting Surfaces

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Modeling of liquid–solid interaction

1.3. Microscale and nanoscale coating processes

1.4. Experimental characterization

1.5. Emerging applications

1.6. Conclusion

1.7. Bibliography

2 Wetting on Heterogeneous Surfaces

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Wetting of an ideal surface: the Young contact angle

2.3. Real surfaces: apparent contact angle and contact angle hysteresis

2.4. Relationship between contact angle hysteresis and drop adhesion

2.5. Wetting of heterogeneous materials: the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter models

2.6. Conclusion

2.7. Bibliography

3 Engineering Super Non-wetting Materials

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Surface robustness

3.3. Contact angle hysteresis on super non-wetting materials

3.4. Conclusion

3.5. Bibliography

4 Fabrication of Synthetic Super Non-Wetting Surfaces

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Full substrate technologies

4.3. Direct writing technologies

4.4. Conclusion

4.5. Bibliography

5 Characterization Techniques for Super Non-wetting Surfaces

5.1. Introduction

5.2. The sessile drop method

5.3. Wilhelmy method

5.4. Robustness measurement

5.5. Advanced techniques for better understanding of super non-wetting surfaces

5.6. Conclusion

5.7. Bibliography

6 Emerging Applications

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Lab-on-a-chip

6.3. Drag reduction

6.4. Super non-wetting surfaces for the directed self-assembly of micro- and nano-objects

6.5. Super non-wetting materials for cell biology

6.6. Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces

6.7. Conclusion

6.8. Bibliography

Index

First published 2014 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUK

www.iste.co.uk

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USA

www.wiley.com

© ISTE Ltd 2014The rights of Vincent Senez, Vincent Thomy and Renaud Dufour to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014936491

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA CIP record for this book is available from the British LibraryISSN 2051-2481 (Print)ISSN 2051-249X (Online)ISBN 978-1-84821-579-5

1

Nanotechnologies for Synthetic Super Non-wetting Surfaces

1.1. Introduction

Wetting forces are at play all around us. They have practical applications, such as controlling oil recovery mechanisms during water flooding of natural reservoirs [MOR 90], improving carbon dioxide storage in subsurface geologic formations to counter anthropogenic CO2 emissions [BAC 00] or controlling rain penetration in soils which has a direct implication in agriculture, soil erosion or aquifer quality [DRD 07]. Wetting forces are also important for many biological processes. They provide a survival kit to microscale arthropods, protecting them against suffocation upon immersion into polluted water-flooded habitats [HEN 13]. They perform miracles for some classes of insects giving them the unique ability to walk on water [DSM 11]. They promote health among plants offering a self-cleaning property using water condensation on leaf [WWQ 13]. They are finally acting in our daily life. They bind sand grains to hold the shape of our child’s sandcastle. They are involved in the formation of tears when we swirl our glass of wine. They control the colonization of our pleasure boat hull by thousands of marine microorganisms.

Wettability is a fundamental property of surfaces. It describes the tendency of one fluid to spread on, or adhere to, a solid surface in the presence of other immiscible fluids. Wettability is governed by the interfacial tension that is the energy per unit area (force per unit distance) at the surface between phases. It is commonly expressed in milli-Newtons/meter (mN/m). Water presents an interfacial tension with air equal to 72 mN/m while liquids such as oils and alkanes have an interfacial tension with air as low as 22 mN/m for ethanol. Wettability is modulated by the relief of the surface that can intensify the wetting or non-wetting behavior [JOD 64]. In particular, surface roughness enhances the intrinsic non-wetting chemistry of the surface, producing super non-wetting surfaces [CFH 99, QUE 05].

This book reviews the recent research works about the design and fabrication of highly liquid repellent surfaces, which is an exponentially growing topic over the last 20 years, whether in terms of fundamental studies, characterization techniques or applications (Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1.Number of published scientific articles per year related to the design and characterization of super non-wetting surfaces called superhydrophobic (i.e. able to repel water) or superoleophobic (able to repel a wide range of liquids including non-polar solvents and hydrocarbons). Survey performed with the web of science software (statistics on 03.03.2014 with keyword “superhydrophobic” (dark gray) or “superoleophobic or superamphiphobic or superlyophobic or superomniphobic” (light gray))