Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation in Engineering Materials Science E-Book
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- Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Retaining its proven concept, the second edition of this ready reference specifically addresses the need of materials engineers for reliable, detailed information on modern material characterization methods.
As such, it provides a systematic overview of the increasingly important field of characterization of engineering materials with the help of neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The first part introduces readers to the fundamentals of structure-property relationships in materials and the radiation sources suitable for materials characterization.
The second part then focuses on such characterization techniques as diffraction and scattering methods, as well as direct imaging and tomography. The third part presents new and emerging methods of materials characterization in the field of 3D characterization techniques like three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy. The fourth and final part is a collection of examples that demonstrate the application of the methods introduced in the first parts to problems in materials science.
With thoroughly revised and updated chapters and now containing about 20%
new material, this is the must-have, in-depth resource on this highly relevant topic.
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Seitenzahl: 903
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface to Second Edition
Part I: General
Chapter 1: Microstructure and Properties of Engineering Materials
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Microstructure
1.3 Microstructure and Properties
1.4 Microstructural Characterization
References
Chapter 2: Internal Stresses in Engineering Materials
2.1 Definition
2.2 Origin of Residual Macro- and Microstresses
2.3 Relevance
References
Chapter 3: Textures in Engineering Materials
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Measurement of Preferred Orientations
3.3 Presentation of Preferred Orientations
3.4 Interpretation of Textures
3.5 Errors
References
Chapter 4: Physical Properties of Photons and Neutrons
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Interaction of X-ray Photons and Neutrons with Individual Atoms
4.3 Scattering of X-ray Photons and Neutrons from Ensembles of Atoms
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 5: Radiation Sources
5.1 Generation and Properties of Neutrons
References
5.2 Production and Properties of Synchrotron Radiation
References
Part II: Methods
Chapter 6: Stress Analysis by Angle-Dispersive Neutron Diffraction
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Diffractometer for Residual Stress Analysis
6.3 Measurement and Data Analysis
6.4 Examples
6.5 Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 7: Stress Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Neutron Diffraction
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction
7.3 TOF Strain Scanners
7.4 A Virtual Laboratory for Strain Scanning
7.5 Type II Stresses: Evolution of Intergranular Stresses
7.6 Type III Stresses: Dislocation Densities
7.7 Strain Imaging by Energy-Dispersive Neutron Transmission
7.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8: Residual Stress Analysis by Monochromatic High-Energy X-rays
8.1 Basic Setups
8.2 Principle of Slit Imaging and Data Reconstruction
8.3 The Conical Slit
8.4 The Spiral Slit
8.5 Simultaneous Strain Measurements in Individual Bulk Grains
8.6 Coarse Grain Effects
8.7 Analysis of Diffraction Data from Area Detectors
8.8 Matrix for Comparison and Decision Taking Which Technique to Use for a Specific Problem
References
Chapter 9: Residual Stress Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamentals of Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction Stress Analysis
9.3 Experimental Setup
9.4 Examples for Energy-Dispersive Stress Analysis
9.5 Final Remarks
References
Chapter 10: Texture Analyses by Synchrotron X-rays and Neutrons
10.1 Texture Measurements on Laboratory Scale
10.2 Texture Measurements at Large Scale Facilities
10.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Basics of Small-Angle Scattering Methods
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Common Features of a SAS Instrument
11.3 Contrast
11.4 Scattering Curve
11.5 Power Law/Scattering by Fractal Systems
11.6 Guinier and Porod Approximations
11.7 Macroscopic Differential Scattering Cross-section
11.8 Model Calculation of Size Distributions
11.9 Magnetic Structures
References
Chapter 12: Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Nanocrystalline Magnesium Hydride for the Reversible Storage of Hydrogen
12.3 Precipitates in Steel
12.4 SiO
2
Nanoparticles in a Polymer Matrix – An Industrial Application
12.5 Green Surfactants
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13: Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Theory
13.3 Experiments
13.4 Example: ASAXS on Catalyst Nanoparticles
13.5 Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 14: Imaging
14.1 Radiography
14.2 Tomography
14.3 New Developments in Neutron Tomography
References
Chapter 15: Neutron and Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Imaging for Applications in Materials Science – From Macro- to Nanotomography
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Parallel-Beam Tomography
15.3 Macrotomography Using Neutrons
15.4 Microtomography Using Synchrotron Radiation
15.5 Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 16: µ-Tomography of Engineering Materials
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Advantage of Synchrotron Tomography
16.3 Applications and 3D Image Analysis
16.4 Image Artifacts
16.5 Summary
References
Part III: New and Emerging Methods
Chapter 17: 3D X-ray Diffraction Microscope
17.1 Basic Setup and Strategy
17.2 Indexing and Characterization of Average Properties of Each Grain
17.3 Mapping of Grains and Orientations
17.4 Combining 3DXRD and Tomography
17.5 Outlook
References
Chapter 18: 3D Micron-Resolution Laue Diffraction
18.1 Introduction
18.2 The Need for
Polychromatic
Microdiffraction
18.3 Theoretical Basis for Advanced Polychromatic Microdiffraction
18.4 Technical Developments for an Automated 3D Probe
18.5 Research Examples
18.6 Future Prospects and Opportunities
Acknowledgment
References
Part IV: Applications
Chapter 19: The Use of Neutron and Synchrotron Research for Aerospace and Automotive Materials and Components
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Commercial Passenger Aircraft
19.3 The Light-Duty Automotive Vehicle
19.4 Other Transport Systems
References
Chapter 20: In situ Experiments with Synchrotron High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons
20.1 Introduction
20.2
In situ
Dilatometry
20.3
In situ
Study on Single Overload of Fatigue-Cracked Specimens
20.4
In situ
Cutting Experiment
20.5
In situ
Study of Precipitation Kinetics Using Neutrons
20.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 21: Application of Photons and Neutrons for the Characterization and Development of Advanced Steels
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Characterization Using Synchrotron Radiation
21.3 Characterization Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)
21.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 22: The Contribution of High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons to Characterization and Development of Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides
22.1 Introduction
22.2 High-Energy X-rays and Neutrons
22.3
In situ
Investigation of Phase Evolution
22.4 Atomic Order and Disorder in TiAl Alloys
22.5 Recovery and Recrystallization during Deformation of TiAl
22.6 Lattice Parameter and Thermal Expansion
22.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 23: In situ μLaue: Instrumental Setup for the Deformation of Micron Sized Samples
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Experimental Instrumentation
23.3 Discussion
23.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 24: Residual Stresses in Thin Films and Coated Tools: Challenges and Strategies for Their Nondestructive Analysis by X-ray Diffraction Methods
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Compilation of Approaches to Meet the Challenges in Thin Film X-ray Stress Analysis (XSA)
24.3 Final Remarks and Recommendations
References
Index
End User License Agreement
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Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Preface
Begin Reading
