New Non-opioid Analgesics: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms on the Basis of Patch-clamp and Quantum-chemical Studies E-Book
Boris V. Krylov
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- Herausgeber: Bentham Science Publishers
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Frontiers in Pain Science
- Sprache: Englisch
The monograph is a summary of methods used to study pain receptors and the results obtained in some experiments designed to study the effect of non-opioid analgesics. The molecular mechanisms of nociceptive information control in primary sensory nociceptive neurons are described based on investigations of the membrane signaling cascade (opioid-like receptor → Na+,K+-ATPase → NaV1.8 channel) observed by the authors. Based on this data, the authors conclude that the modulation of NaV1.8 channels responsible for the coding of noxious signals can be carried out due to two novel targeting mechanisms. The first of these is the activation of opioid-like receptors; the second is the activation of Na+/K+-ATPase as a signal transducer. The development of a novel class of analgesics that trigger these mechanisms should lead to a successful solution to the problem of chronic pain relief.
Chapters of the monograph cover the general methods used in studying nociceptive pain (including the patch-clamp method), and the mechanism behind the binding of different ligands to these receptors such gamma-pyrones, gamma-pyridines and cardiotonic steroids.
This monograph is a valuable reference for neuroscientists, pharmacologists and allied researchers studying pain receptors for the development of safe and effective analgesics.
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Seitenzahl: 369
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
Ähnliche
Frontiers in Pain Science
(Volume 1)
(New Non-opioid Analgesics: Understanding Molecular
Mechanisms on the Basis of Patch-clamp and
Quantum-chemical Studies)
Authored by:
Boris V. Krylov, Ilia V. Rogachevskii, TatianaN. Shelykh & Vera B. Plakhova
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
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PREFACE
In 1897, at a meeting of the Society of Russian Physicians, Ivan Pavlov predicted that the last stage of the life sciences would be the physiology of the living molecule. Nowadays the last stages of molecular approaches are theoretical quantum-chemical calculational techniques and experimental patch-clamp method which really can describe the behavior of living molecules. An attempt of combined application of quantum-chemical calculations and the patch-clamp method to investigation of the nociceptive system is presented in this volume. The crosstalk between drug substances and membrane receptors is conducted in the language of molecules. The behavior of single molecules upon their ligand-receptor binding should be investigated at physiologically adequate conditions during development of new analgesics. The requirement of physiological adequacy was always taken into account when the authors tried to explain the background mechanisms governing the effects of powerful analgesics. This approach makes it possible to elucidate how the chemical structure of labile attacking molecules should be finely tuned to provide effective binding to their membrane receptor. The authors hope that this review will open a new perspective to application of molecular methods in the drug design of pain relievers. The urgent need for the development of novel analgesics is dictated by the lack of safe and effective drugs in this field of medicine, especially when the pain becomes intolerable and incurable. The arsenal of practical medicine includes an array of analgesics, which have to be applied basing on the severity of pathological conditions of the organism. Step 1 of the World Health Organization analgesic ladder consists of non-opioids, administered with or without adjuvants depending on the type of pain. Step 2 comprises step 1 agents plus opioids which can relieve mild to moderate pain. Step 3 involves step 2 agents with addition of opioids for moderate to severe pain relief. It is a matter of common knowledge that administration of opioid substances results in irreversible adverse side effects in humans. The major objective of the authors is to solve this underlying problem by creating novel analgesics which could replace opioids in clinical practice, while remaining completely safe.
This book presents our main result in elucidation of the physiological role of a novel membrane signaling pathway involving the opioid-like receptor coupled to slow sodium channels (Nav1.8) via Na+,K+-ATPase as the signal transducer. This pathway is distinct from and additional to the known mechanism of the opioidergic system functioning that involves G proteins. Activation of the opioid-like receptor further triggering the signaling pathway directed towards Nav1.8 channels provides the effectiveness and safety of our novel analgesic which is potent enough to relieve severe pain otherwise relieved exclusively by Step 3 opioids.
It is nowadays almost inevitable for reviewers of scientific material in the field of nociception to make excuses for omissions. We are sincerely sorry for not having been able to discuss all the findings in physiology of nociception and in practical medicine that would have merited attention. To include all would have defeated the purpose of this volume by making it grow out of all proportions.
This book presents an informative and valuable for physiologists and clinicians overview of primary molecular mechanisms involved in functioning of the peripheral nociceptive system. This material can be used in courses given to students specializing in physiology, psychology, and medicine, as well as to physicians training in neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. The principles presented in the current volume may also be of interest to molecular biologists engaged in the drug design.
Introduction and Methodology
Boris V. Krylov,Ilia V. Rogachevskii,Tatiana N. Shelykh,Vera B. PlakhovaAbstract
Discovery of NaV1.8 channels has opened a new perspective to study the mechanisms of nociception. A remarkable feature of these channels is their ability to be modulated by binding of various endogenous and exogenous agents to membrane receptors coupled to NaV1.8 channels. The behavior of their activation gating system was patch-clamp recorded and analyzed by the Almers’ limiting slope method. It was established that opioid-like membrane receptors could control the functioning of NaV1.8 channels. A novel role in this mechanism is played by Na+,K+-ATPase, which serves as the signal transducer instead of G proteins. Switching on the opioid-like receptors one can selectively decrease the effective charge of NaV1.8 channel activation gating device. As a result, only the high-frequency component of nociceptive membrane impulse firing is inhibited. This is the component that transfers nociceptive information to CNS.
The three units involved in the described membrane signaling cascade (opioid-like receptor → Na+,K+-ATPase → NaV1.8 channel) are potential targets for novel analgesics. Investigation of this mechanism of nociceptive signal modulation is of major importance not only for fundamental physiology but also for clinical medicine.
