OpenSUSE 11.0 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Bible E-Book

Roger Whittaker

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Bible
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1241

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

* Presenting updated coverage of openSUSE 11.0 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11.0, this reference is written by Novell insiders and boasts the most up-to-date information available * Topics covered include the openSUSE project, command line programs and implementing online services, virtualization, kernel updates, Enterprise Architecture, and more * Reviews Linux fundamentals such as methodologies, partitions, and file system, and features a new section devoted entirely to end-user needs * The DVD includes the openSUSE 11.0

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

About the Authors

Credits

Foreword

Preface

How This Book Is Structured

Conventions Used in This Book

DVD, Web Site, and Source Code

Introduction

Linux History

SUSE History

The SUSE Family of Products

Part I: SUSE Linux Basics

Chapter 1: Installing SUSE

Selecting Your Installation Method

Starting Your Installation

Installation Mode

Customizing the Installation

Running the Installation

Completing Installation

Chapter 2: Linux Fundamentals

Command Line 101: The Shell

Getting Help for Linux Commands

Working with Files and Directories

Common Administrative Tasks

Working with Software Packages

Compiling Source Packages

Connecting over the Network

Backing Up, Restoring, and Archiving Files

Chapter 3: Partitions, Filesystems, and Files

Partitions

Filesystems

Creating Filesystems

Filesystem Comparisons

Mounting Filesystems

Unmounting Filesystems

Part II: The SUSE System

Chapter 4: Booting the System

Booting Concepts

Boot Managers

Dual Booting

Troubleshooting Booting

Chapter 5: Documentation

Finding Help on Your SUSE System

Linux Documentation Project Resources

Finding Help Online

Finding Further Information

Chapter 6: Understanding Your Linux Network

Internet 101

TCP/IP

Routing

Chapter 7: Logging

The Files in /var/log

Logging with syslog

Logging with syslog-ng

Managing Your Logs with logrotate

Analyzing Your Logs with logcheck

Using Webalizer

Reading Log Files

Chapter 8: The X Window System

X Window System Concepts

Configuring X

KDE

GNOME

Other Window Managers

Xgl and Compiz

Chapter 9: Configuring the System with YaST

YaST Modules

Configuring Installation Sources

Setting Up Proxy Settings

Using NTP Time Services

Printer Configuration

Setting Up a Scanner

Boot Loader Configuration

Setting Up SCPM

Runlevel Editor

Users and Groups

Installing Additional Software with YaST

YOU—The YaST Online Update

The YaST Installation Server Module

Autoinstallation—AutoYaST

Part III: Using the Command Line in SUSE Linux

Chapter 10: Text Manipulation

Reading Lines from Files

Extracting Lines from Files

Working with Fields from Text Files

Replacing Text

Formatting Text Files for Viewing and Printing

Comparing Files

Getting Text Out of Other File Formats

Chapter 11: Text Editors

The Politics

vi/vim

emacs

Chapter 12: Working with Packages

Binary RPMs

Creating an RPM

Installation Sources

Command-Line Installation Tools

Chapter 13: Working with Files

Listing, Copying, and Moving Files

Finding Files

Looking at Files and File Types

Compressing Files

Working with Archives

Files Attributes and ACLs

Chapter 14: Working with the System

System Rescue and Repair

Working with Partitions

Working with DVDs, CDs, and Floppies

Automating Tasks

Chapter 15: Linux Networking

Configuring an IP Network

The Wonderful World of ARP

Taking Part in an IPX Network

Network Tools

Network Troubleshooting

Wireless Networking

Bluetooth

Part IV: Implementing Network Services in SUSE Linux

Chapter 16: Setting Up a Web Site with the Apache Web Server

Configuring Apache

Security

The Common Gateway Interface

Creating Dynamic Content with PHP

Configuration Using YaST

Chapter 17: Mail Servers—Postfix, Sendmail, Qpopper, and Cyrus

How Mail Is Sent and Received

Postfix

sendmail

Qpopper

Fetchmail

Cyrus IMAPD

Choosing a Mail Client

Mail Systems on Linux

Chapter 18: Setting Up Windows Interoperability with Samba

The Samba Packages

Setting Up and Using a Samba Client

Setting Up a Samba Server Using YaST

Creating and Managing the Samba Password File

Working with the Winbind Daemon

The Samba Configuration File

Using SWAT

Chapter 19: Setting Up Printing with CUPS

Setting Up a Locally Connected Printer

Documentation

Chapter 20: Configuring and Using DHCP Services

DHCP: Mode of Operation

DHCP Packages on SUSE

Setting Up a DHCP Server Using YaST

Manually Configuring a DHCP Server

Starting and Stopping DHCP Clients

Troubleshooting DHCP Clients and Servers

Chapter 21: Configuring a DNS Server

Some DNS Theory

Configuring BIND for Caching and Forwarding

Examining Record Types

Working with Zones

The Reverse Zone

Configuring a DNS Server with YaST

Chapter 22: Working with NFS

Mounting NFS Filesystems

The NFS Server

Chapter 23: Running an FTP Server on SUSE

vsftpd as an Anonymous FTP Server

Setting Up User FTP with vsftpd

Allowing Uploads

Using pure-ftpd

Further Information

Chapter 24: Implementing Firewalls in SUSE Linux

Why Use a Firewall?

Configuring a Firewall with iptables

Network Address Translation

Redirecting Traffic

Allowing ICMP Traffic

Allowing Loopback

Stopping “Too Frequent” Connections

Logging Dropped Packets

Using SuSEfirewall2

Chapter 25: Network Information and Directory Services

Using NIS for Authentication

Working with LDAP in SUSE

What Is LDAP?

Implementing the LDAP Server

Pluggable Authentication Modules

Integrating LDAP into Linux

Setting the ACL on the LDAP Server

How Can LDAP Help You?

Chapter 26: Setting Up a Web Proxy with Squid

Getting Started with Squid on SUSE

User Authentication

Restricting Access by Hardware Address

The Squid Log

Using Squid as a Transparent Proxy

Using Cache Manager

Using squidGuard

Part V: SUSE Linux in the Enterprise

Chapter 27: Enterprise Architecture

A Typical Organization

Linux Enterprise Hardware: The Big Players

Putting It All Together

Chapter 28: Emulation and Virtualization

Emulation Versus Virtualization

DOS Emulation Using dosemu and dosbox

Running Microsoft Windows Applications with Wine

The bochs PC Emulator

Virtual Machines Using QEMU

VMware Virtual Machines

VirtualBox

The Xen Hypervisor

Other Emulators

Chapter 29: The Kernel

Why You Probably Don't Need This Chapter

Why You Might Need This Chapter

SUSE Kernels and Vanilla Kernels

Upgrading a Kernel Package

Kernel Configuration

Building the Kernel

Kernel Module Packages and Third-Party Software

Kernel Parameters at Boot Time

The Initial Ramdisk

Chapter 30: Business Desktop Linux: SLED

The Technical Background

The Stubborn Applications

Other Commercial Desktop Distributions

Other Approaches

SLD, NLD, and SLED

The Future of SLED and the Linux Desktop

For More Information

Appendix A: What's on the DVD

System Requirements

What's on the DVD

Troubleshooting

Index

GNU General Public License

Preamble

Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution and Modification

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OpenSUSE® 11.0 and SUSE® Linux® Enterprise Server Bible

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Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-0-470-27587-0

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Whittaker, Roger, 1955-

OpenSUSE 11.0 and SUSE Linux enterprise server bible / Roger Whittaker, Justin Davies.

p. cm.

Includes index

ISBN 978-0-470-27587-0 (paper/dvd)

1. Linux. 2. Operating systems (Computers) I. Davies, Justin, 1979- II. Title.

QA76.76.O63W488 2008

005.4′32 —dc22

2008014649

Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. OpenSUSE and SUSE are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

To Shekufeh and Golnaz, who tolerate all this—Roger Whittaker

To my wife, Aimee—Justin Davies

About the Authors

After working as a teacher of Mathematics and as Deputy Head of an independent school in London, Roger Whittaker discovered Linux in 1996 and became increasingly interested (some would say obsessed). When SUSE Linux opened its UK office in 1999, he changed careers and worked as a technical and training consultant until early in 2004. He now works for Novell supporting Linux installations for large customers. He is Newsletter Editor for UKUUG, the UK's Unix and Open Systems user group.

Justin Davies has been a Linux user since the age of 15. After University, he joined SUSE Linux as a Technical Consultant where he specialized in Linux on non-Intel architecture. He then spent time working with value-added resellers in Europe to define their open source strategy and go-to-market plans around Linux. He is now the founder and CTO of Ninetyten, a social networking consultancy based in London, where he is still providing solutions based on open source software.

Credits

Acquisitions Editor

Jenny Watson

Development Editor

Gus A. Miklos

Senior Development Editor

Kevin Kent

Technical Editor

Warren E. Wyrostek

Production Editor

Daniel Scribner

Copy Editor

Nancy Rapoport

Editorial Manager

Mary Beth Wakefield

Production Manager

Tim Tate

Vice President and Executive Group Publisher

Richard Swadley

Vice President and Executive Publisher

Joseph B. Wikert

Project Coordinator, Cover

Lynsey Stanford

Proofreader

Josh Chase, Word One

Indexer

Ron Strauss

Foreword

My Brothers and Sisters,

Should we accept that this book is indeed a Bible? Let us use a dictionary to see what the definition of a Bible is.

The first definition is marked obsolete, and just means “a book.” I think that anyone would agree that this tome is a Bible by that definition.

The second definition is the one that most know, “The Book by way of eminence…accepted as of divine authority and origin.” Well, Linux has long been known for its gurus who hand out small snippets of sage advice. Sometimes that sage advice is in many books, and beginners are often told RTFM (Read The Freaking Manual). Easy enough for the guru to say, but when there are so many manuals, HOWTOs, and other pieces of information scattered about, how do you put it all together?

Therefore, a Bible is necessary. Let's hope it carries information pertinent to your own religion, or in this case, distribution. If the Bible tries to cover the information in every distribution, the reader may become lost. That is why this is a SUSE Linux Bible, and not some other brand of Linux.

Some people say that Linux and Free and Open Source (FOSS) are a religion, and that the people that support it are religious zealots. I don't think that is true, for the people I know in FOSS are multifaceted. But when it comes to programming, we believe that Linux and FOSS offer education, government, and business the most flexible, most powerful, and lowest cost solution. All you have to do is reach out and accept that fact.

Like any good religion you have to practice it, study it, and really understand what is being said to you. You also have to apply it to your life. Look for ways in your life that this software can help you, whether to organize your life or your business better.

Many people think that Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is simply made up of the cost of the hardware, software, and services of the solution you pick. How naive. Total Cost of Ownership is also made up of the cost of not picking a better solution, one that is flexible enough for you to solve 99 percent of your problems instead of 80 percent of your problems. How much does it cost you not to be able to solve that 19–20 percent?

The Freedom that you get when you use FOSS is the key to this savings, or (in reverse) the additional earning power. To be able to fully tailor the software to meet your needs is the greatest value of FOSS. But you can't do this without knowledge.

This is where this Bible comes in, to give you the knowledge to go out and explore further.

So, my brothers and sisters, throw off the shackles of proprietary software and learn how to make software do what you want it to do. Open the pages of this Bible and see your life change. Welcome to the bright side of “The Force.”

Carpe Diem!

Jon “maddog” Hall

President, Linux International

Preface

Welcome to the OpenSUSE 11.0 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Bible! This book is for anyone who is interested in running a SUSE Linux system—at home or at work, “for fun or for profit.” It covers the all the currently available versions from SUSE: the brand new openSUSE 11.0 and the current versions of the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) and the SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED). Most of the content applies equally to earlier versions also, however.

The book aims to supplement the documentation provided by SUSE and to show the reader how best to carry out a particular task on a SUSE system, making full use of SUSE's configuration utilities. Many Linux books and “howto” documents provide generic instructions for carrying out particular tasks; however, it often turns out that these are either incorrect in details or unnecessarily complicated when applied to a particular distribution. In this book we aim to describe the best ways to work with SUSE in a wide variety of situations, making full use of SUSE's specific configuration tools.

Too often, computer books tend to be written only from the standpoint of “how to” perform a task and fail to provide a real understanding of the underlying principles. Our aim in this book is to combine a description of the steps necessary to perform a particular task with a real understanding of what is being done.

While we discuss the use of SUSE Linux in enterprise applications, with examples based on our own consulting experience, the book is also for home users coming to grips with Linux for the first time. In short, we aim for OpenSUSE 11.0 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Bible to be what you need to run your SUSE Linux system, whatever your situation might be.

How This Book Is Structured

We've organized this book into five parts:

Part I: SUSE Linux Basics: This part introduces SUSE Linux by describing the installation of a SUSE system and discussing the fundamental concepts of Linux.Part II: The SUSE System: This part describes the use of YaST for system configuration; explains Linux networking, system logs, and the X Window system; and helps you to find further documentation.Part III: Using the Command Line in SUSE Linux: This part covers the power of the Linux command line, with chapters covering text editing and tools for manipulating text files, as well as package maintenance and advanced networking.Part IV: Implementing Network Services in SUSE Linux: This part describes the setup of the major network services on a SUSE system, including setting up web servers, mail servers, and file and print servers.Part V: SUSE Linux in the Enterprise: This part describes the place of SUSE Linux in the modern enterprise and covers the use of storage area networks (SANs). The configuration of the kernel is also covered, and SLED is discussed.

Conventions Used in This Book

Throughout the book, special typeface indicates code or commands. Commands and code are shown in monospace type:

This is how code looks.

Additionally, the following icons are used to call your attention to points that are particularly important.

Caution

A Caution warns you to be careful when executing a procedure or you could damage your computer hardware or software.

Cross-Ref

A Cross-Reference refers you to further information on a subject that you can find outside the current chapter.

Note

A Note provides extra information to which you need to pay special attention.

Tip

A Tip shows a special way of performing a particular task or introduces a shortcut to ease your way.

We hope you enjoy working with your SUSE Linux system as much as we enjoy working with ours, and we know that OpenSUSE 11.0 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Bible will be an invaluable tool to help you get the most out of it.

DVD, Web Site, and Source Code

This book comes with a DVD containing a full copy of openSUSE 11.0. Additionally, check out this book's web site at www.wiley.com/go/opensuse11bible for an RPM of logcheck, a useful log analysis tool that is not included in the SUSE distribution but is discussed in Chapter 7. Finally, to obtain the openSUSE 11.0 source code, go to http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/11.0/repo/src-oss/suse/src/.

Introduction

What is Linux? There was a time (not so long ago) when the first page of every book and the first slide of every presentation on Linux had this obligatory question. We have come a long way since that time, and we certainly no longer feel that we have to start our own presentations with that slide. However, in a book like this, a brief introduction to Linux in general can provide an appropriate entry into our discussion of SUSE Linux in particular.

Linux is a multiuser, multitasking, multiplatform computer operating system (strictly speaking, an operating system kernel) that has been developed by an open source, collaborative process involving large numbers of people all over the world. Linux is a Unix-like operating system. This means that it conforms closely to a set of conventions and standards associated with Unix; however, Linux does not contain any of the original Unix code.

Linux has been developed using the open source development model. What that means is that all the work that is done by Linux developers is open and shared. It is open to peer review, which encourages honesty and means that each developer is able to build upon work that has already been done by others. Although this method is often still seen as revolutionary in the field of software development, it is effectively the same method that has been used by science in the Western world since about the time of Newton. The development of Western science has been spectacularly successful precisely because it is based on the same values of openness and shared results and because of the quality assurance provided by the scrutiny of peer review.

This model works so well both in science and software because openness leads to scrutiny, and scrutiny leads to improvement and the correction of errors. Openness also means the ability to build on the results of others. Newton himself said that if he saw further than others, it was “by standing upon the shoulders of giants.” This sums up very well the power of collaborative development in any field. It contrasts strongly with the traditional closed source development model: a group of programmers working in secrecy with deadlines for work to be handed to a manager. In such a situation, a team member who knows that his work has a bug in it has no incentive to tell anyone; when the program is finally released, no one outside the small development group can look at the code to understand why it does not work as advertised. In contrast, Eric Raymond coined a phrase to describe the power of having a large open source developer community to debug code: “Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow.”

The dramatic success of Linux and of other associated open source projects such as the Apache web server and Samba is proof of the power of the open source development method.

Linux has come a long way since its beginnings in the early 1990s. In 1991, it was one man's hobby: Ten years later, in 2001, IBM announced that it was investing one billion dollars in its Linux strategy. As I write this at the end of 2007, Linux is a major player in the operating systems market, and making news every day in the world of IT.

Linux History

The beginning of Linux is usually dated to August 25, 1991, the date on which Linus Torvalds sent a posting to the comp.os.minix newsgroup describing the work he had done so far. He subsequently invited others to join the project, made the code available by FTP, and offered it under a license allowing free redistribution (originally a license that he wrote himself, but soon afterward moved to the GNU GPL).

A worldwide community quickly arose, working on the Linux kernel and submitting code and patches back to Torvalds to be incorporated into the kernel. As time went on, the number of people working on Linux grew rapidly, and systems were put in place to filter and channel the incoming code; however, Linus Torvalds has stayed in charge of the whole project, which has remained independent of any particular vendor.

The remarkable rate at which Linux grew and matured is well known: Linux is compelling proof of the power of the open source development model.

Both the history of Linux and descriptions of the workings of open source development are described in many other publications. Glyn Moody's has a very good history of Linux and the open source movement generally. The classic exposition of why and how the open source development model works so well is in Eric S. Raymond's .