Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 5914

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

This new edition of the comprehensive and renowned textbook Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine offers a fully revised and updated review of geriatric medicine. It covers the full spectrum of the subject, features 41 new chapters, and provides up-to-date, evidence-based, and practical information about the varied medical problems of ageing citizens. The three editors, from UK, USA and France, have ensured that updated chapters provide a global perspective of geriatric medicine, as well as reflect the changes in treatment options and medical conditions which have emerged since publication of the 4th edition in 2006. The book includes expanded sections on acute stroke, dementia, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases, and features a new section on end-of-life care. In the tradition of previous editions, this all-encompassing text continues to be a must-have text for all clinicians who deal with older people, particularly geriatric medical specialists, gerontologists, researchers, and general practitioners. This title is also available as a mobile App from MedHand Mobile Libraries. Buy it now from Google Play or the MedHand Store. Praise for the 4th edition: "...an excellent reference for learners at all clinical and preclinical levels and a useful contribution to the geriatric medical literature." --Journal of the American Medical Association, November 2006 5th edition selected for 2012 Edition of Doody's Core Titles(TM)

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Dedication

Title Page

Copyright

About the Editors

List of Contributors

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Preface to the Fifth Edition

Foreword

Introduction: Historical Perspectives

Introduction

The Earlier Writers on Old Age

The Birth of Modern Geriatric Medicine

British Developments

An Overview of Early Geriatric Medicine in the United Kingdom

The Early Pioneers in Geriatric Medicine

The Second Wave of Geriatricians

Geriatrics in the United States

Geriatrics in the Rest of the World

Teaching Geriatric Medicine

Achievements of Geriatric Medicine

Problem Areas

References

Part 1: Ageing: Biological, Social and Community Perspectives

Chapter 1: A Biological Perspective of Ageing

Introduction

Ageing Populations

Why do We Grow Old?

The Evolutionary Perspective of Ageing—Key Concepts

Changing Concepts in the Biology of Ageing

The ‘Theories of Ageing’

Subcellular Components of Ageing

Cellular Components of Ageing

Systemic Components of Ageing

The Biology of Ageing and Geriatric Medicine

References

Chapter 2: The Demography of Ageing

Introduction

Models of Chronic Disease and Mortality Trends

Mortality Selection and Trajectories

Discussion

References

Chapter 3: The Physiology of Ageing

Ageing of Organs

References

Chapter 4: Psychological Aspects of Ageing

Introduction

Life Stage Perspective

What do We Know?

Age-Related Psychological Changes

Chapter 5: Ageing of the Brain

Is there Physiological Ageing for the Brain?

Pathological Ageing: Proposed Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Changes in Large Neuroendocrine Systems and in General Behaviour During Ageing

Assessing Age-Related Physiological and Pathological Changes in Brain Anatomy and Function: The Input of Brain Imaging

References

Chapter 6: Epidemiology of Ageing and Disability

Ageing and Chronic Disease Epidemiology

Disability and Ageing

Decision-making

The Interprofessional Care Team

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7: Social and Community Aspects of Ageing

Introduction

Demography of Ageing

Growing Older—The Social Process

Poverty

Housing Problems

Retirement

The ‘Golden Age’ Myth

Ageism

The Effect of Social Factors on the Aging Process

Lifestyle, Nutrition and Healthy Ageing: Lessons from the SENECA Study

Religion and Spirituality

Anti-ageing Medicine

The Environment and the Genome

Elder Abuse

The Internet

Cultural Competency

Disasters

References

Chapter 8: The Developmental Origins of Ageing

Introduction

Developmental Plasticity

Developmental Influences and Mortality

Developmental Influences and Age-Related Disease

Developmental Influences and Ageing of the Musculoskeletal System

Developmental Influences and Ageing at the Cellular and Molecular Level

A Life Course Approach to Ageing and its Relevance to Clinical Practice

References

Chapter 9: Sexuality and Ageing

Introduction

Sexual Health

Sexuality and the Older Woman

Erectile Dysfunction

Andropause

Sexuality and Disease

The Older Homosexual

Paraphilias

Sexuality in the Nursing Home

Conclusion

References

Chapter 10: Physical Fitness and Exercise

Introduction

What is Exercise?

Does Exercise Increase Life Expectancy?

Preserving Exercise Capacity with Age via An Active Lifestyle

Optimization of Body Composition with Ageing

Promotion of Psychological Well-Being

Exercise and Cognitive Function

Disease Prevention Through Exercise

Evidence for the Role of Exercise in the Treatment of Disease

Exercise and the Prevention and Treatment of Disability

Conclusion and Directions for Future Research

References

Chapter 11: Health Literacy and Cultural Sensitivity

Introduction

The Importance of Health Literacy in Health Care

Cultural Sensitivity in Geriatrics

Resources

References

Part 2: Medicine and Prescribing in Old Age

Chapter 12: Preventive Geriatrics

Introduction

Background

The Health Maintenance Clinical Glidepath

References

Chapter 13: Polypharmacy

Introduction

Pharmacokinetics

Metabolism and Drug Clearance

Elimination and Renal Excretion

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacogenetics

Prescribing for Geriatric Patients

References

Chapter 14: Patient Safety

Introduction

Patient Safety and Older People

Why are Older People More Susceptible to Healthcare-Associated Harm than Younger Patients?

Improving Patient Safety for Older People

Priorities for Improving the Safety and Quality of Care for Older People

Conclusion

References

Section 1: Eating Disorders and Nutritional Health

Chapter 15: Epidemiology of Nutrition and Ageing

Introduction

Body Weight, Body Composition and Health

Dietary Intake, Dietary Patterns, Diet Scores in Relation to Mortality: Differences Within and Between Populations

Determinants of Food Choice and Vulnerable Groups

Effect of Nutritional Supplements on Health Indices in Frail Elderly People

Dietary Guidelines

References

Chapter 16: The Anorexia of Ageing

The ‘Paradox’ of Undernutrition in Older People

‘Ideal’ Body Weight in Older People

Weight Loss in Older People

Cachexia in Older People

Undernutrition in Older People

Causes of Undernutrition in Older People

Causes of the Physiological Anorexia of Ageing

Hormones and Neurotransmitters: a Selective Review (Table 16.3)

Diagnoses and Treatment of Undernutrition in Older People

References

Chapter 17: Weight Loss

Introduction

The Relationship of Weight Loss to Mortality

Effect of Weight Loss on Comorbid Conditions

Causes of Weight Loss

Evaluation of Weight Loss

Interventions

For Sarcopenia

Conclusion

References

Chapter 18: Dehydration

Introduction

Water Loss

Regulation of Water Balance

Water Regulation in Older Adults

Dehydration, Intravascular Fluid Loss and Hypovolaemia

Diagnosis of Dehydration

Urine Colour

Problems with the Diagnosis of Dehydration

Consequences of Dehydration

Treatment of Dehydration

Prevention of Dehydration

Conclusion

References

Chapter 19: Vitamins and Minerals

Introduction

Prevalence/Scope of the Problem

Dietary Reference Intakes

Factors Affecting Nutrient Intake in the Elderly

The Antioxidants

Vitamin D

Vitamin K

Folate

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B6

Zinc

Copper

Chromium

Conclusion

References

Chapter 20: Obesity

Age-related Changes in Body Composition

Assessment of Obesity with Increasing Age

Prevalence of Obesity in Older People

Consequences of Obesity in the Elderly

Management of Obesity in the Elderly

Multidisciplinary Management of the Obese Elderly

Conclusion

References

Section 2: Gastro Disorders

Chapter 21: Changes in Gastrointestinal Motor and Sensory Function Associated with Ageing

Introduction

Control of Gastrointestinal Motility and Sensation

Pathophysiology of the Ageing Gut

Oesophagus

Stomach and Duodenum

Small Intestine

Systemic Disorders Associated with Disturbance of Gastrointestinal Motility

Functional Disorders

References

Chapter 22: Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Introduction

Economic Impact

Clinical Presentation

Clinical Course

Causes of GI Bleeding

Evaluation and Management of GI Bleeding

Conclusion

References

Chapter 23: Liver and Gall Bladder

Age-Related Hepatobiliary Changes

Hepatic Diseases of the Elderly

Diseases of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

References

Chapter 24: Sphincter function

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology of the Anal Canal and Rectum

Prevalence and Importance

Risk Factors and Causes of Faecal Incontinence

Clinical Subgroups

Evaluation of Faecal Incontinence

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Chapter 25: Constipation

Defining Constipation

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Impact

Aetiology of Constipation

Clinical Approach

Treatment

Special Categories of Constipation

Conclusion

References

Chapter 26: Management of Diarrhoea

Overview of Diarrhoeal Illness

Acute Diarrhoea

Chronic Diarrhoea

Conclusion

References

Chapter 27: Diseases of the Pancreas

The Ageing Pancreas

Inflammatory Diseases of the Pancreas

Pancreatic Tumours

References

Section 3: Haematological Disorders

Chapter 28: Anaemia

Introduction

Definition and Prevalence

Differential Diagnosis

Management

Conclusion

References

Chapter 29: Disorders of haemostasis

Introduction

Disorders of Platelet Number

Hereditary Coagulation Defects

Acquired Coagulation Defects

Vascular Disorders

Thrombotic Disorders

Thrombophilia

References

Chapter 30: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

Management

Chronic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

References

Chapter 31: Anticoagulants

Introduction

The Elderly are more Prone to Thromboembolism

Anticoagulant Response Differs in the Elderly

The Elderly are more Prone to Haemorrhage

Anticoagulants are Effective in the Elderly

The Risk–Benefit Equation: How to Optimize it in the Elderly

Conclusions

References

Chapter 32: Myelodysplasia

Introduction