Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures E-Book

Frank J. Owens

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 254

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

A comprehensive coverage of the physical properties and real-world applications of magnetic nanostructures

This book discusses how the important properties of materials such as the cohesive energy, and the electronic and vibrational structures are affected when materials have at least one length in the nanometer range. The author uses relatively simple models of the solid state to explain why these changes in the size and dimension in the nanometer regime occur. The text also reviews the physics of magnetism and experimental methods of measuring magnetic properties necessary to understanding how nanosizing affects magnetism. Various kinds of magnetic structures are presented by the author in order to explain how nanosizing influences their magnetic properties. The book also presents potential and actual applications of nanomaterials in the fields of medicine and computer data storage.

 Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures:

• Covers the magnetism in carbon and born nitride nanostructures, bulk nanostructured magnetic materials, nanostructured magnetic semiconductors, and the fabrication of magnetic nanostructures
• Discusses emerging applications of nanomaterials such as targeted delivery of drugs, enhancement of images in MRI, ferrofluids, and magnetic computer data storage
• Includes end-of-chapter exercises and five appendices

 Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures is written for senior undergraduate and graduate students in physics and nanotechnology, material scientists, chemists, and physicists.

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

COVER

TITLE PAGE

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

1 PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES

1.1 COHESIVE ENERGY

1.2 ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES

1.3 QUANTUM DOTS

1.4 VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES

1.5 SUMMARY

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

2 THE PHYSICS OF MAGNETISM

2.1 KINDS OF MAGNETISM

2.2 PARAMAGNETISM

2.3 FERROMAGNETISM

2.4 ANTIFERROMAGNETISM

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

3 PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

3.1 SUPERPARAMAGNETISM

3.2 EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE ON MAGNETIZATION

3.3 DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

3.4 MAGNETIC FIELD-ALIGNED PARTICLES IN FROZEN FLUIDS

3.5 MAGNETISM INDUCED BY NANOSIZING

3.6 ANTIFERROMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

3.7 MAGNETORESISTIVE MATERIALS

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

4 BULK NANOSTRUCTURED MAGNETIC MATERIALS

4.1 FERROMAGNETIC SOLIDS WITH NANOSIZED GRAINS

4.2 LOW-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES

4.3 MAGNETORESISTANCE IN BULK NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

5 MAGNETISM IN CARBON AND BORON NITRIDE NANOSTRUCTURES

5.1 CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES

5.2 EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETISM IN CARBON AND BORON NITRIDE NANOSTRUCTURES

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

6 NANOSTRUCTURED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS

6.1 ELECTRON–HOLE JUNCTIONS

6.2 MOSFET

6.3 NANOSIZED MOSFETs

6.4 DILUTE MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS

6.5 NANOSTRUCTURING IN MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS

6.6 DMS QUANTUM WELLS

6.7 DMS QUANTUM DOTS

6.8 STORAGE DEVICES BASED ON MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS

6.9 THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

7 APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES

7.1 FERROFLUIDS

7.2 MAGNETIC STORAGE (HARD DRIVES)

7.3 ELECTRIC FIELD CONTROL OF MAGNETISM

7.4 MAGNETIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS

7.5 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES AS CATALYSTS

7.6 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE LABELING OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

8 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES

8.1 TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

8.2 MAGNETIC HYPERTHERMIA

8.3 MAGNETIC SEPARATION

8.4 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCED CONTRAST IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

8.5 DETECTION OF BACTERIA

8.6 ANALYSIS OF STORED BLOOD

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

9 FABRICATION OF MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES

9.1 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

9.2 MAGNETIC QUANTUM WELLS

9.3 MAGNETIC NANOWIRES

9.4 MAGNETIC QUANTUM DOTS

EXERCISES

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A A TABLE OF NUMBER OF ATOMS VERSUS SIZE IN FACE CENTERED CUBIC NANOPARTICLES

APPENDIX B DEFINITION OF A MAGNETIC FIELD

APPENDIX C DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY

APPENDIX D TIGHT BINDING MODEL OF ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF METALS

APPENDIX E PERIODIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

INDEX

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 01

FIGURE 1.1 Structures corresponding to a rectangular well, wire, and dot having one, two, and three dimensions of nanometer length, respectively.

FIGURE 1.2 Percentage of atoms on surface of a face-centered cubic lattice versus particle size. The lattice parameter is 4 Å.

FIGURE 1.3 Experimental measurement of the lattice parameter of the ionic crystal, CeO

2

, versus particle size.

FIGURE 1.4 Cohesive energy of ionic alkali halide crystal having NaCl structure versus lattice parameter.

FIGURE 1.5 Melting temperature of some alkali halide crystals versus cohesive energy.

FIGURE 1.6 Measured lattice parameter of copper versus particle size.

FIGURE 1.7 Density functional calculation of binding energy per monomer, C

2

H

2

, of the linear chain polymer, polyethylene versus polymer length.

FIGURE 1.8 Calculation of the relative shift of the Fermi level for copper versus particle diameter.

FIGURE 1.9 Plot of the density of states versus energy based on the free electron model of metals for structures having one, two, and three dimensions of nanometer length.