Plant Biotechnology and Genetics E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Discover the latest edition of this authoritative textbook on plant biotechnology and genetics
Plant biotechnology is a field of research and development in which scientific techniques are brought to bear on the creation and modification of new, beneficial plants and strains. Biotechnological techniques can be used to add nutritive value, increase resistance to diseases and pests, increase yields, and more. The production of biotech crops has increased over one hundred times since their introduction into commercial agriculture in 1996, making them the most rapidly-adopted crop category in the history of modern agriculture.
Plant Biotechnology and Genetics is the essential introduction to this thriving research subject. Beginning with an overview of basic plant biology and genetics, it then moves to the fundamental elements of biotechnology. Now fully updated to reflect the latest research advances and technological breakthroughs, it continues to be a must-own for readers interested in the future of food production and more.
Readers of the third edition of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics will also find:
- New chapters covering topics like genome editing, chloroplast genome engineering, and synthetic biology
- Updates throughout to incorporate increased coverage of haploid production, genomic selection, and more
- Summary and discussion questions in each chapter, along with a companion website incorporating images and lecture materials
Plant Biotechnology and Genetics is ideal for advanced undergraduate and masters students in plant biotechnology courses, as well as professionals seeking a helpful reference guide.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1: The Impact of Biotechnology on Plant Agriculture
1.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
1.1. INTRODUCTION
1.2. CULTIVATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (GM) CROPS
1.3. WHY FARMERS USE BIOTECH CROPS
1.4. GM CROP TRAIT USE ON PRODUCTION AND FARMING
1.5. HOW THE ADOPTION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY HAS IMPACTED THE ENVIRONMENT
1.6. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2: Mendelian Genetics and Plant Reproduction
2.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
2.1. GENETICS OVERVIEW
2.2. MENDELIAN GENETICS
2.3. MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
2.4. PLANT REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
2.5. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3: Plant Breeding
3.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.2. CENTRAL CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
3.3. OBJECTIVES IN PLANT BREEDING
3.4. METHODS OF PLANT BREEDING
3.5. BREEDING ENHANCEMENTS
3.6. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4: Plant Development and Physiology
4.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
4.1. PLANT ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY
4.2. EMBRYOGENESIS AND SEED GERMINATION
4.3. MERISTEMS
4.4. LEAF DEVELOPMENT
4.5. FLOWER DEVELOPMENT
4.6. HORMONE PHYSIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
4.7. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5: Tissue Culture: The Manipulation of Plant Development
5.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. HISTORY OF TISSUE CULTURE
5.3. MEDIA AND CULTURE CONDITIONS
5.4. STERILE TECHNIQUE
5.5. CULTURE CONDITIONS AND VESSELS
5.6. CULTURE TYPES AND THEIR USES
5.7. REGENERATION METHODS OF PLANTS IN CULTURE
5.8. ROOTING OF SHOOTS
5.9. ACCLIMATION
5.10. AUTOMATION IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
5.11. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND MACHINE LEARNING IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
5.12. PROBLEMS THAT CAN OCCUR IN TISSUE CULTURE
5.13. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6: Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression
6.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
6.1. THE GENE
6.2. DNA PACKAGING INTO EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES
6.3. TRANSCRIPTION
6.4. TRANSLATION
6.5. PROTEIN POSTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7: Plant Systems Biology
7.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
7.1. INTRODUCTION
7.2. DEFINING PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
7.3. PROPERTIES OF PLANT SYSTEMS
7.4. A FRAMEWORK OF PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
7.5. DISCIPLINES AND ENABLING TOOLS OF PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
7.6. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8: Recombinant DNA, Vector Design, and Construction
8.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
8.1. PLASMIDS ARE UNIQUE GENETIC ELEMENTS IN NATURE
8.2. DNA VECTORS
8.3. RECOMBINANT DNA METHODS
8.4. VECTOR DESIGN IN PLANT RESEARCH AND TRAIT DEVELOPMENT
8.5. VECTORS FOR TARGETED GENOME MANIPULATIONS
8.6. PROSPECTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 9: Genes and Traits of Interest
9.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
9.1. INTRODUCTION
9.2. IDENTIFYING GENES OF INTEREST VIA OMICS TECHNOLOGIES
9.3. TRAITS FOR IMPROVED CROP PRODUCTION USING TRANSGENICS
9.4. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 10: Promoters and Marker Genes
10.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
10.1. INTRODUCTION
10.2. PROMOTERS
10.3. MARKER GENES
10.4. MARKER‐FREE STRATEGIES
10.5. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 11: Transgenic Plant Production
11.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
11.1. OVERVIEW OF PLANT TRANSFORMATION
11.2. AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS
11.3. PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT
11.4. OTHER METHODS OF TRANSFORMATION
11.5. THE RUSH TO PUBLISH
11.6. A LOOK TO THE FUTURE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 12: Analysis of Transgenic Plants
12.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
12.1. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF TRANSGENIC PLANT ANALYSIS
12.2. ASSAYS FOR TRANSGENICITY, INSERT COPY NUMBER, AND SEGREGATION
12.3. TRANSGENE EXPRESSION
12.4. KNOCKDOWN OR KNOCKOUT ANALYSIS RATHER THAN OVEREXPRESSION ANALYSIS
12.5. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLECULAR ANALYSES AND PHENOTYPE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 13: Plastid Genetic Engineering
13.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
13.1. INTRODUCTION
13.2. PLASTID BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS
13.3. PLASTID GENETIC ENGINEERING HISTORY AND MOTIVATIONS
13.4. PLASTOME ENGINEERING VERSUS NUCLEAR GENOME ENGINEERING
13.5. KEY COMPONENTS FOR PLASTOME ENGINEERING OF PLANTS
13.6. PLASTOME TRANSFORMATION VECTOR DESIGN
13.7. BEYOND TRANSPLASTOMICS: THE USE OF EPISOMAL VECTORS FOR MINISYNPLASTOME AND MINICHROMOSOME APPROACHES
13.8. REMOVING DNA FROM PLASTIDS
13.9. THE FUTURE OF PLASTID ENGINEERING
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 14: CRISPR‐Cas: Genome Editing from Small‐Scale to High Throughput for Plant Biology and Biotechnology
14.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
14.1. INTRODUCTION
14.2. DIVERSE CRISPR APPROACHES AND TOOLS FOR PRECISELY EDITING GENOMES
14.3. CHANGING GENE EXPRESSION BY CRISPR
14.4. CRISPR SCREENING FOR LARGE‐SCALE FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS
14.5. CRISPR‐ENABLED CROP IMPROVEMENT
14.6. COMMERCIALIZED GENOME‐EDITED CROPS
14.7. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 15: Regulations and Biosafety
15.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
15.1. INTRODUCTION
15.2. HISTORY OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND ITS REGULATION
15.3. REGULATION OF GE PLANTS
15.4. REGULATORY FLAWS AND INVALID ASSUMPTIONS
15.5. THE STATE OF GENOME EDITING REGULATION
15.6. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 16: Field Testing of Transgenic Plants: Risk Assessment and Performance
16.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
16.1. INTRODUCTION
16.2. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
16.3. AN EXAMPLE RISK ASSESSMENT: THE CASE OF BT MAIZE
16.4. PROOF OF SAFETY VERSUS PROOF OF HAZARD
16.5. MODELING THE RISK EFFECTS ON A GREATER SCALE
16.6. PROOF OF BENEFITS: AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE
16.7. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 17: Intellectual Property in Agricultural Biotechnology: Strategies for Open Access
17.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
17.1. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
17.2. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
17.3. PATENTING PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE ANTI‐COMMONS PROBLEM
17.4. WHAT IS FREEDOM TO OPERATE?
17.5. STRATEGIES FOR OPEN ACCESS
17.6. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 18: Why Transgenic Plants Are So Controversial
18.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
18.1. INTRODUCTION
18.2. PERCEPTIONS OF RISK
18.3. RESPONSES OF FEAR
18.4. FEEDING FEAR: CASE STUDIES
18.5. HOW MANY BENEFITS ARE ENOUGH?
18.6. CONTINUING DEBATES
18.7. BUSINESS AND CONTROL
18.8. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 19: Plant Synthetic Biology
19.0. CHAPTER SUMMARY AND OBJECTIVES
19.1. WHAT IS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY?
19.2.
DESIGN
: PLANT SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
19.3.
BUILD
: COMPONENTS OF PLANT SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
19.4.
TEST
: COMPONENTS OF PLANT SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
19.5. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INDEX
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
TABLE 1.1. Additional Crop Production Arising from Positive Yield Effects o...
TABLE 1.2. Carbon Storage/Sequestration from Reduced Fuel Use with GM Crops...
TABLE 1.3. Context of Carbon Sequestration Impact 2020: Car Equivalents
Chapter 3
TABLE 3.1. Typical Steps Involved in the Final Stages of Variety Developmen...
Chapter 6
TABLE 6.1. The 20 amino acids Commonly Found in Proteins
TABLE 6.2. The Genetic Code—mRNA Codons and Amino Acids Encoded
Chapter 7
TABLE 7.1. Frequently‐used Bioinformatics Tools
Chapter 8
TABLE 8.1. Bacterial Origins of Replication
TABLE 8.2. Commonly Used Bacterial Selectable Marker Genes
TABLE 8.3. Restriction Endonucleases
Chapter 10
TABLE 10.1. The Most Widely Used Tissue‐Specific Promoters in Plants...
TABLE 10.2. The Most Widely‐used Inducible Promoters in Plants
TABLE 10.3. Synthetic Promoters that have been Designed for the Regulation o...
TABLE 10.4. Categories of Marker Genes and Selective agents used in Plants...
Chapter 13
TABLE 13.1. Plant and Algae Species Reported to have had Plastids Genetical...
TABLE 13.2. Intergenic Regions of the Plastome that have been used for Tran...
TABLE 13.3. Selectable Marker Genes Used for Plastid Genetic Engineering. T...
Chapter 14
TABLE 14.1. Genome‐Edited Products Available in the Market
Chapter 15
TABLE 15.1. Comparison of GM Regulations by Jurisdiction
TABLE 15.2. Global Status of Genome Editing Regulation
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1. Global GM crop plantings in 2020 by crop (base area: 185.6 milli...
Figure 1.2. Global GM crop plantings by crop 1996–2020.
Figure 1.3. Global GM crop plantings by main trait and crop: 2020.
Figure 1.4. Global GM crop plantings 2020 by country.
Figure 1.5. Global GM crop farm income benefits 2020: baseline total $18.8 b...
Figure 1.6. Cumulative global GM crop farm income benefits 1996–2020: baseli...
Figure 1.7. Cumulative global GM crop farm income benefits 1996–2020 by coun...
Figure 1.8. Global GM crop farm income benefits 2020 by country: baseline to...
Figure 1.9. Share of aggregate active ingredient usage (reductions) by trait...
Figure 1.10. Share of aggregate EIQ changes (improvements) by trait 1996–202...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1. Chromosomes have several physical states during the life of a ce...
Figure 2.2. Gregor Mendel was the father of genetics.
Figure 2.3. Traits of the pea plant used by Mendel to discover the genetic l...
Figure 2.4. A monohybrid crossing system involving a single‐gene model where...
Figure 2.5. A dihybrid crossing system involving a two‐gene model where the ...
Figure 2.6. The stages of mitosis based on arrangement of the chromosomes.
Figure 2.7. Mitosis and the two steps of meiosis differ from one another by ...
Figure 2.8. Recombination occurs when homologous chromosomes trade DNA seque...
Figure 2.9. To the left is a diagrammatic representation of fluorescence
in
...
Figure 2.10. Cleistogamous flowers (b) are fertilized prior to the opening o...
Figure 2.11. Self‐incompatibility systems in plants may be gametophytic (a) ...
Figure 2.12. Triangle of U (1935) shows the relationships between several di...
Figure 2.13. Hybridization and genetic integration between closely related s...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1. A hypothetical melon‐breeding scenario that illustrates quantita...
Figure 3.2. In repeated self‐pollination with no selection, the level of het...
Figure 3.3. Development of pure lines from a mixture of homozygous, heteroge...
Figure 3.4. An illustration of G × E interaction. Plant variety 1 performs b...
Figure 3.5. Yield of hybrid corn varieties versus year of introduction into ...
Figure 3.6. The pedigree of an oat variety named ‘Goslin.’ The parents of th...
Figure 3.7. Mean oil content for oat lines representing nine cycles of recur...
Figure 3.8. In Sewall Wright’s shifting balance theory, a genotype or popula...
Figure 3.9. The pedigree breeding method is used in self‐pollinated species ...
Figure 3.10. The single‐seed descent (SSD) breeding method is used in self‐p...
Figure 3.11. The backcross breeding method is used to transfer alleles at a ...
Figure 3.12. Mass selection, as practiced in an outcrossing species, is a tr...
Figure 3.13. An example of a recurrent selection strategy with progeny testi...
Figure 3.14. Schematic simplification of the development of a synthetic plan...
Figure 3.15. Schematic simplification of the development of a hybrid plant v...
Figure 3.16. A simplified strategy for marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Here...
Figure 3.17. Visualization of SNP markers on chromosome‐1 for a set of soybe...
Figure 3.18. Conceptual strategy for genomic selection (GS). (a) The trainin...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1. Plant anatomy and morphology. The seedling shoot and root system...
Figure 4.2. Gametogenesis. Schematics of (a) an Arabidopsis flower with the ...
Figure 4.3. Pollen development.
Figure 4.4. Embryo development. (a) Schematic of embryo stages. (b) Scanning...
Figure 4.5. The shoot apical meristem (SAM). Schematic of a SAM showing the ...
Figure 4.6. Root development. Arrangement (a) and division plane (b) of cell...
Figure 4.7. Leaf development. (a, b) Scanning electron micrographs of leaf p...
Figure 4.8. Flower development. Arabidopsis (a) wild‐type; (b) ap2; (c) pi; ...
Figure 4.9. Plant hormones. Similarities between some plant and animal hormo...
Figure 4.10. A paradigm plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Hormones ...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1. Tissue cultures in liquid and solid culture medium. See filter p...
Figure 5.2. Brassica juncea plants produced from hypocotyls explants. Shoots...
Figure 5.3. Structures of natural and synthetic auxins used in tissue cultur...
Figure 5.4. Structures of natural and synthetic cytokinins used in tissue cu...
Figure 5.5. Structures of other plant growth regulators used in plant tissue...
Figure 5.6. Researcher working with tissue cultures in a laminar flow hood. ...
Figure 5.7. Bacteria and fungi contamination of tissue cultures destroy the ...
Figure 5.8. A walk‐in tissue culture growth room with supplementary cooling ...
Figure 5.9. Tissue cultures can be grown in various kinds of vessels. Shown ...
Figure 5.10. Organogenic callus‐based system showing (a) callus; (b) callus ...
Figure 5.11. Somatic embryogenesis system showing the sequential development...
Figure 5.12. Switchgrass cell suspension types and protoplasts isolation. Sc...
Figure 5.13. Somatic embryos regenerated from an anther in culture.
Figure 5.14. Protoplasts derived from the leaves of Arabidopsis.
Figure 5.15. Direct organogenesis that includes shoots and roots from a leaf...
Figure 5.16. Several examples of direct organogenesis in various plant speci...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1. DNA structure. The purine nucleotides (adenine and guanine) form...
Figure 6.2. The two antiparallel chains of nucleotides strung together by a ...
Figure 6.3. Chromatin structure. The different levels of chromatin structure...
Figure 6.4. The central dogma: DNA is transcribed to RNA in the cell nucleus...
Figure 6.5. The structure of the promoter in relation to the gene and termin...
Figure 6.6. Overview of the early steps of transcription. A PIC is formed by...
Figure 6.7. Regulation of transcription. The cis‐acting elements are segment...
Figure 6.8. Transcription factors structure and function. Transcription fact...
Figure 6.9. Control of transcription by chromatin remodeling. Genetic regula...
Figure 6.10. Overview of mRNA processing. Three steps of processing must occ...
Figure 6.11. Polypeptide structure. The building block of a polypeptide is t...
Figure 6.12. The genetic code gives rise to either overlapping or non‐overla...
Figure 6.13. Overview of translation showing the structure of tRNA, 60S and ...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1. Illustration of a traditional reductionistic approach and an int...
Figure 7.2. The omics sciences in plant systems biology. Genomics focuses on...
Figure 7.3. Illustration of the definition of plant systems biology. Plant s...
Figure 7.4. Illustrations of hierarchy (a) and robustness (b) properties of ...
Figure 7.5. Example of emergent properties arise from the sum of the individ...
Figure 7.6. The framework of how systems biology is approached. Beginning at...
Figure 7.7. Schematic representations of the genetic and physical maps of a ...
Figure 7.8. The Sanger (chain‐termination) method for DNA sequencing. A prim...
Figure 7.9. Overview of a genome sequencing project showing a hierarchical b...
Figure 7.10. Illustration of forward genetics and reverse genetics approache...
Figure 7.11. Comparison of the flow charts of microarray analysis (left) and...
Figure 7.12. An integrated workflow of the bottom‐up approach for plant prot...
Figure 7.13. Illustration of MS. MS instruments are typically comprised thre...
Figure 7.14. Illustration of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ...
Figure 7.15. Conventional untargeted metabolomics workflow. Metabolites are ...
Figure 7.16. The workflow for targeted (a) and global (b) metabolomics appro...
Figure 7.17. Illustration of a gas chromatograph (GC; Obeidat 2021). The sam...
Figure 7.18. Plant bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary scientific field t...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1. The double helical structure of DNA provides the genetic instruc...
Figure 8.2. The Ti plasmid of A.
tumefaciens
showing the origin of replicati...
Figure 8.3. A generic plant binary vector with two origins of replication, t...
Figure 8.4. Diagram of a generic plant promoter. Typically, transcription fa...
Figure 8.5. The restriction enzyme SacI recognizes a specific 6‐nucleotide p...
Figure 8.6. The joining of two linear DNA fragments, catalyzed by DNA ligase...
Figure 8.7. DNA fragments produced with a single EcoRI restriction enzyme gi...
Figure 8.8. DNA fragments produced with two restriction enzymes, EcoRI and S...
Figure 8.9. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that allows a cho...
Figure 8.10. For Gateway cloning lysogeny, the viral DNA is incorporated int...
Figure 8.11. In Gateway cloning, a gene or promoter is amplified by PCR usin...
Figure 8.12. A gene or promoter contained within the pENTRY clone flanked by...
Figure 8.13. Plant gene expression vectors for conventional cloning using re...
Figure 8.14. Diagram depicting design and assembly of a Type IIS restriction...
Figure 8.15. Multisite Gateway
®
allows several DNA fragments to be clon...
Figure 8.16. Gene silencing in plants can be achieved using inverted repeat ...
Figure 8.17. Excision of selectable marker gene following T‐DNA insertion in...
Figure 8.18. Advances in
Agrobacterium
transformation and vector design resu...
Figure 8.19. Site‐specific integration for conventional plastid genome trans...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1. Manhattan plots can be an effective way to visualize large datas...
Figure 9.2. Resistance to glyphosate in RoundUp Ready™ plants is engineered ...
Figure 9.3. Resistance to glufosinate in LibertyLink™ plants is engineered b...
Figure 9.4. The Bt toxin binds to very specific receptors on the epithelial ...
Figure 9.5. Transgenic resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is possibl...
Figure 9.6. Plant pathogens produce and introduce molecules called effectors...
Figure 9.7. The production of β‐carotene in Golden Rice was made possible by...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1. Examples of promoters that could be used to regulate the expres...
Figure 10.2. Selection of transgenic canola (
Brassica napus
cv ‘Westar’) on ...
Figure 10.3. Functional organization of selectable marker genes and reporter...
Figure 10.4. Basic metabolism involving D‐xylose and mannose. Xylose is a mo...
Figure 10.5. Diagrammatic illustration on the use of barnase as a negative s...
Figure 10.6. The uidA gene, coding for GUS, as an example of a reporter gene...
Figure 10.7. Interactions occurring between marker genes and elements in the...
Figure 10.8. Fusion of a reporter and selectable marker gene to create a bif...
Figure 10.9. Orange fluorescent proteins whose genes were cloned from corals...
Figure 10.10. Tobacco plants expressing an orange fluorescent protein. Left ...
Figure 10.11. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been useful for markin...
Figure 10.12. RUBY expression in transgenic dicot and monocot species. (a) R...
Figure 10.13. Processes for generating marker‐free transgenic plants. Co‐tra...
Figure 10.14. Construction of plant transformation vectors to avoid interact...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1.
Agrobacterium
‐induced crown gall tumors (black arrows) growing ...
Figure 11.2.
Agrobacterium
growing on soybean tissue.
Figure 11.3. Sunflower seedling hypocotyls inoculated with
Agrobacterium
wit...
Figure 11.4. Simple schematic of
Agrobacterium
‐mediated transformation of a ...
Figure 11.5. Agroinfiltrated
Nicotiana benthamiana
plants showing high level...
Figure 11.6. Tungsten (a) and gold particles (b) used for particle bombardme...
Figure 11.7. Two different particle bombardment devices: the commercially av...
Figure 11.8. Particle bombardment‐mediated transient GFP expression in lima ...
Figure 11.9. Maize protoplasts, electroporated with a GFP gene, showing brig...
Figure 11.10. Nanofiber array with a single fiber magnified. Image is courte...
Figure 11.11. GFP sectors in an onion cell from a nanofiber array with dislo...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1. Overview of transgenic plant analysis. Several lines of evidenc...
Figure 12.2. PCR analysis. (a) Graphical representation of what occurs when ...
Figure 12.3. The dynamics of qPCR and analysis. (a) Theoretical plot of PCR ...
Figure 12.4. Thirteen samples of plant genomic DNA are completely digested b...
Figure 12.5. When genomic DNA is digested using a restriction endonclease, i...
Figure 12.6. The raw data of part of a Southern blot experiment (superfluous...
Figure 12.7. A schematic showing the T‐DNA construct (top) and rationale beh...
Figure 12.8. Segregation analysis of T1 transgenic (a) tobacco and (b) canol...
Figure 12.9. Relative transcript abundance and phenotypes of transgenic swit...
Figure 12.10. Northern blot experiment with four transgenic plant sample and...
Figure 12.11. Semiquantitative western blot analysis of transgenic plants sy...
Figure 12.12. Multiple analyses of kanamycin‐resistant T1 transgenic arabido...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1. Plastid differentiation and interconversion. Plastids belong to...
Figure 13.2. Schematic representation of A. thaliana plastome. The plastome ...
Figure 13.3. Schematic representation of protein import in chloroplasts. Mos...
Figure 13.4. Chloroplast transformation and production of transplastomic pla...
Figure 13.5. Homologous recombination (HR) vector rearrangement in the plast...
Figure 13.6. Schematic representation of promoter and 5′UTR (5′ untranslated...
Figure 13.7. Schematic representation of a homologous recombination (HR) vec...
Figure 13.8. Plastid genetic engineering platforms that utilize nonintegrati...
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1. CRISPR‐Cas‐mediated genome editing. (a) Cas9 complexed with sin...
Figure 14.2. A schematic representation of the steps involved in a plant gen...
Figure 14.3. Different CRISPR‐Cas‐derived tools for DNA sequence manipulatio...
Figure 14.4. CRISPR‐Cas‐derived tools for modulating gene expression. (a) Ep...
Figure 14.5. CRISPR screening for large‐scale functional genomics.
Figure 14.6. Various applications of CRISPR‐Cas tools for crop improvement....
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1. Relative likelihood of unintended genetic effects associated wi...
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1. Field trial design for testing the environmental impact of bioi...
Figure 16.2. Weed strip of white mustard (Sinapis alba) in a maize field for...
Figure 16.3. Collection of caterpillar larvae on weeds in the maize fields. ...
Figure 16.4. Collection of butterfly larvae was done by dislodging them into...
Figure 16.5. Yield performance of three conventional (CONV1–3) and two Bt (B...
Figure 16.6. Effects of Bt maize hybrids on the significant traits: grain yi...
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1. Annual trends in plant biotechnology based on patent applicatio...
Figure 17.2. Prosecution of Monsanto’s
Agrobacterium
‐mediated transformation...
Figure 17.3. The Epitope/Agritope patent family related to the tomato E8 pro...
Figure 17.4. Timeline of the tomato E8 promoter scientific publications and ...
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1. Greenpeace demonstration in front of a Toronto grocery store...
Figure 18.2. The risk management cycle is a never‐ending circle of communica...
Chapter 19
Figure 19.1. Examples of current products currently on the market that were ...
Figure 19.2. Schematic of the design–build–test–learn (DBTL) cycle at the co...
Figure 19.3. Schematic of a hypothetical potato plant biosensor to detect pe...
Figure 19.4. Schematics of core parts available for plant synthetic biology...
Figure 19.5. Sequence of the full length (343 bp) CaMV 35S promoter. The TAT...
Figure 19.6. Effect of 5′ and 3′ UTRs on gene expression.(a) Holding the...
Figure 19.7. Design and testing of synthetic transcription factors in plant ...
Figure 19.8. All possible Boolean logic gates for circuits with two inputs a...
Figure 19.9. Boolean logic gates developed and demonstrated in plants using ...
Figure 19.10. Boolean logic gates developed in plants using recombinases. (a...
Figure 19.11. Boolean logic gates developed in plants using CRISPRi. (a) Exa...
Figure 19.12. Design of a microbe to plant communication channel using synth...
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
Begin Reading
INDEX
Wiley End User License Agreement
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PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETICS
Principles, Techniques, and Applications
Third Edition
Edited by
C. Neal Stewart, Jr.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
Copyright © 2025 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies.
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Monica Alandete‐Saez, Climate Inc., San Francisco, California
S.P. Avinash, ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha
Mirza J. Baig, ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha
Detlef Bartsch, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
Alan B. Bennett, Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
Sara Boettiger, Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
Graham Brookes, PG Economics Ltd, Dorchester, UK
Vinitha Cardoza, BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Cecilia Chi‐Ham, Oterra, Hoersholm, Denmark
Elroy R. Cober, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Mark D. Curtis, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
John J. Finer, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio; The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Naples, Florida
Alison K. Flynn, Veterinary Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Catherine P. Freed, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
Maria Gallo, Plant and Earth Science Department, University of Wisconsin–River Falls, River Falls, Wisconsin
Stephen L. Gasior, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa
Achim Gathmann, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
Glenda E. Gillaspy, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
Gregory Graff, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
Matthew D. Halfhill, Department of Biology, Saint Ambrose University, Davenport, Iowa
Debao Huang, Department of Horticulture, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
David Jefferson, Faculty of Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Kenneth L. Korth, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
Joanna H. Kud, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
Scott C. Lenaghan, Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville Tennessee
Wusheng Liu, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Present address: Department of Horticulture, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
David G.J. Mann, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana
Alan Mchughen, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
Brian Miki, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Kutubuddin A. Molla, ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha
Alessandro Occhialini, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
Douglas Powell, Brisbane, Australia
Christiane Saeglitz, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Business Area Sustainable Development and Innovation: Bioeconomy, Project Management Jülich, Julich, Germany
Arti Sinha, Wayu Health, Gurgaon, India
Stuart J. Smyth, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
C. Neal Stewart Jr, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
Nicholas A. Tinker, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Jennifer Trumbo, Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
Suzanne I. Warwick, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseeds Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
Yongil Yang, Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
Ning Zhang, Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
PREFACE
In 2007, I, a middle‐aged man with a penchant for not saying “no,” agreed to both teach a new plant biotechnology course and edit a book to support the course. During that time, my lab was just starting to focus on cellulosic bioenergy by modifying switchgrass cell walls via transgene overexpression and—still relatively new—RNAi. Gateway cloning was still relatively new and we made the first Gateway vector set for monocots. The iPhone was new too, but I still had a flip phone. Things in biotech and life were slower as the first edition of this book was written.
Hundreds of students and a plethora of technological innovations later, I find myself toward the latter years of my career. And, just as excited about plant biotechnology. While I don’t know how many more times I may teach my course (I think it needs to get handed‐off to a younger faculty member), I’ve immensely enjoyed putting together the third edition of this textbook. The first edition published in 2008 had 16 chapters and 26 authors. This third edition has 19 chapters and 45 authors. Students are now getting substantially more points of view as well as the latest information on both updated and new plant biotechnology topics. This edition has new chapters on plastid transformation and biotechnology, genome editing, and synthetic biology. While CRISPR genome editing has taken the plant science world (and many other worlds!) by storm, it is synthetic biology, I’m convinced, that is a game changer in both plant science and in innovating valuable products. That’s because what synthetic biology does is to essentially create new devices that in our case happen to also be plants. While we’ve called plant transformation “genetic engineering” for over four decades, it has never really been engineering. Synthetic biology—biological engineering—really is engineering as we can now design, build, and test synthetic circuits to endow computation into plants. We are also able to perform research at much higher throughput and speed than was possible just two decades ago. And, yes, I now also have an iPhone. Times have gotten more exciting and there’s no better time to be a plant biotechnologist and synthetic biologist!
This book could have never been produced without the many chapter authors and contributors of mini‐autobiographies that I call “life boxes.” In these life boxes top scientists in plant biotechnology tell how they got started in science. They tell about their motivations, successes, and challenges. I’m also greatly appreciative of Cassie Halvorsen and Lauren Bower who worked alongside me to help organize all the parts that go into producing a book. Thanks to one and all who made this third edition a reality.
Finally, whenever I taught my course, I’ve uploaded the teaching slides to a website so that anyone teaching a plant biotechnology course could access and use the powerpoints with ease. These slides now reside here: http://bit.ly/2CI3mjp.
C. Neal Stewart Jr.
Louisville, Tennessee
July 2024
