Plant Cell Wall Patterning and Cell Shape E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 895

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Cell walls are defining feature of plant life. The unique and multi-faceted role they play in plant growth and development has long been of interest to students and researchers. Plant Cell Wall Patterning and Cell Shape looks at the diverse function of cell walls in plant development, intercellular communication, and defining cell shape. Plant Cell Wall Patterning and Cell Shape is divided into three sections. The first section looks at role cell walls play in defining cell shape. The second section looks more broadly at plant development. While the third and final section looks at new insights into cell wall patterning.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title page

Copyright page

Dedication

Contributor List

Acknowledgments

Foreword

1: Implants 101: History, Implant Design, Parts, and Pieces

History

Dental implant history timeline

Implants

Implant dentistry terminology

Summary

2: Patient Selection for Implant Therapy: Oral Systemic Health, Medical History, and Risk Assessment

Oral systemic health link to overall health

Medical history/risk assessment

Medical history/risk assessment forms

Summary

3: What Lies Beneath the Surface? Natural Teeth, Bone, and Implant Placement

Natural teeth versus implants

Bone: it's all about the bone!

Implant surgery

Summary

4: Setting the Stage: Adjunctive Surgical Procedures, Restorative Options, and Treatment Planning

Adjunctive surgical procedures

Restorative options

Treatment planning overview

Summary

5: How to Talk to Patients about Implant Dentistry: Risks, Benefits, and Alternatives

What are the risks, benefits, and alternatives to replacing missing teeth?

Risks

Benefits

Alternatives

Communication and motivation

Summary

6: AIM for Implant Success: Assess, Identify, and Monitor

Assess

Monitoring

Summary

7: Implant Complications: Peri-Implant Disease and Cement Residue Protocol

What is the hygienist's role in restoratively driven implant complications?

Peri-implant disease

Cement residue complication

Summary

8: Implant Home Care Is Key!

Post-surgical home care

Summary

9: Safe, Effective, In-Office Implant Maintenance

Medical history

Assess and monitor

Safe instrumentation and polishing

Treatment and maintenance for implants with peri-implant disease

Polishing the implant and restoration/prosthesis

Routine in-office maintenance recare

Summary

Appendix: Terminology and Resources

Implant dentistry terminology

Resources

Index

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wingrove, Susan S.

Peri-implant therapy for the dental hygienist : clinical guide to maintenance and disease complications / Susan S. Wingrove.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-470-96285-5 (softback : pbk. : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-64686-1 (pdf) – ISBN 978-1-118-64690-8 (pub) – ISBN 978-1-118-64691-5 (mobi)

I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Dental Implants. 2. Dental Hygienists. 3. Dental Implants–adverse effects. WU 640]

RK667.I45

617.6'93–dc23

2013007107

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover image: bottom left image © Susan S. Wingrove

Cover design by Matt Kuhns

To my late husband Dr. Frank Wingrove, who opened my mind and my passion for implant and regeneration dentistry.

To my late father Dr. Richard Strand, who passed along the importance of building relationships with your patients.

They both taught me lessons to last a lifetime.

Life is a journey

That continues around every corner.

Embrace it, treasure it, and live it to the fullest!

Go, see, do

Contributor List

Robert Horowitz, DDS

Clinical Assistant Professor

Departments of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, Oral Surgery

New York University College of Dentistry

New York, New York

Alfonso Piñeyro, DDS

Clinical Affiliate Instructor

University of Washington

Departments of Restorative Dentistry

Seattle, Washington

Robert Schneider, DDS, MS

Professor

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Hospital Dentistry Institute

Division Director

Maxillofacial Prosthodontics

Iowa City, Iowa

Susan S. Wingrove, RDH

Writer, Trainer, Clinical Advisor

Wingrove Dynamics

Missoula, Montana

Acknowledgments

Over this past year, many friends, colleagues, and companies have contributed to the success of Peri-Implant Therapy for the Dental Hygienist. It has been another journey for me that I know will continue to lead me into more learning opportunities in the future.

A very heartfelt thank you goes to the following:

To my contributors, Dr. Robert Horowitz, Dr. Alfonso Piñeyro, and Dr. Robert Schneider, who have supported not only me by writ­­ing sections to be included in the book, but also hygienists in their role as first respond­­­ers in this important challenge of implant dentistry.

To my fellow dental colleagues and friends who have supported me, critiqued chapters, and encouraged me on this year-long journey: Nancy Adair, Wendy Birtles, Jennifer Butler, Jeff and Kathi Carlson, John DeAngelo, Catherine Fairfield, Carla Frey, Edie Gibson-Shuman, Debbie and Paul Harrison, Tracy Hull, Carol Jahn, Shelby Kahl, Deborah Lyle, Peg Marcy, Linda Meeuwenberg, Linda Miller, Carie Miskell, Erin Murphy, Judy O'Brien, Heather Rogers, Wanda Smith-Beller, Jeanne Strand-Anderson, Lynette Thompson, Tim Torbenson, Linda Turner, and Leslie Winston.

To Dr. Kevin Frawley, Dr. Peter Fritz, Dr. Paul Ouellette, Dr. Marco Padilla, Dr. John Remien, and Steve White, for their outstanding photographs.

To the companies that have generously provided photos, illustrations, and information: BioHorizons, Colgate, Dentsply, EMS, Glidewell Dental, Ivoclar Vivadent, Keystone Dental, Nobel Biocare, Parkell, Paradise Dental Technologies (PDT), Preventech, Proctor & Gamble, Rowpar, Salvin Dental, Straumann, Sunstar, Surgical Esthetics, Tepe, and Waterpik.

To Rick Blanchette and Melissa Wahl at Wiley Blackwell, for their expertise and encouragement.

And a special thank you goes to all my “PDT family” nationally and internationally for their belief in innovation and their support for me and our dental profession.

Go, see, do!

S.S.W.

Foreword

Osseointegration and implant dentistry use and research are at a previously unthought-of pinnacle. Dental implants are no longer “experimental” but are mainstream dentistry. The placement of dental implants is not limited to surgical specialists such as periodontists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, many general dentists are also placing dental implants. Dental hygienists will see many more patients who have been restored with implants as their use increases even further. More than one million dentists worldwide are eager to learn about implants and offer implants treatment to their patients. Many types of dental implants are in use, and many more are in development.

Success for dental implants is based on many factors from the basic diagnostic procedures, proper planning, surgical technique, restorative techniques, dental technology, and materials knowledge, and, of course, periodontal maintenance, perhaps the most important in maintaining long-term osseointegration of the root form implants. Continued observation and maintenance of the implant-retained and -supported prostheses is critical, especially with the plethora of prosthesis designs being utilized today from conventional crown and bridge, removable prostheses, and hybrid designs that are very difficult for the patient to clean and maintain.

Dental implants are utilized for everything from single-tooth replacement to full arch tooth replacement, and each restoration comes with unique challenges for appropriate hygiene access and maintenance. For single teeth, proper emergence profile and proper cement margin placement is critical in the maintenance of a healthy periodontium. With full arch fixed restorations, access to the abutments and the pontic/gingival areas, which should follow a convex contour as desired in routine pontic design, are very important for patient access and proper oral hygiene technique and procedures.

In addition to basic prosthesis design for optimal hygiene access, the hygienist will also see biomechanical issues leading to gingival/alveolar challenges such as fractured or loose prosthetic- and abutment-retaining screws, which can manifest as a loose prosthesis, gingival hypertrophy, peri-impalantitis, alveolar bone loss, and so on. Cement-retained implant restorations have become very prevalent. A significant periodontal concern is inadequate removal of the residual cement in the subgingival areas. Incomplete cement removal can result in serious peri-implantitis and alveolar bone loss. These issues need to be identified by the hygienist and an appropriate treatment rendered to help ensure the longevity of the implant and prosthesis along with continued gingival health.

Ailing or failing dental implants, due to poor oral hygiene or lack of appropriate follow-up, may lead to possible health issues due to the unaddressed peri-implantitis. Infection and/or alveolar bone loss can be an issue in many patients, especially with the aging population and the “graying” of the baby boomers. Quality oral health care may be a challenge for many of our patients as they transition into assisted living or supervised care facilities for the aged. Dental hygienists will play a critical role in maintaining the general dental and medical health of these patients and the role will expand even more as an increased number of dental implants are placed and restored and the population ages.

This excellent text will provide much-needed information for the dental hygienist and therapist to facilitate monitoring and maintaining dental implant patients in an optimal state of dental health and general well-being.

Robert Schneider, DDS, MS

Professor

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Hospital Dentistry Institute

Division Director

Maxillofacial Prosthodontics

Iowa City, Iowa

1

Implants 101: History, Implant Design, Parts, and Pieces

History

Dental implant history timeline

Implants

Implant design

Parts and pieces for implants

Implant dentistry terminology

Summary

References

Understand as hygienists a tidal wave of ailing or failing implants may be imminent. It is imperative that hygienists are trained in identifying and treating peri-implant mucosal inflammation that could affect overall body health. (1)

—G. Nogueira-Filho, DDS, MDent, PhD

Dental hygienists must be ready and be prepared to take on this next, very important challenge in our profession! The 21st century is an important and critical time to be a hygienist. During this exciting time in dentistry, we as hygienists have a critical role in implant therapy. As a hygienist, your role will be to access patients for healthy periodontium prior to placement of implants, to monitor the tissue surrounding the implants, and to maintain the implants through safe, effective implant maintenance. Current studies reveal that infections in the periodontium occur in more than 50% of implants placed (2). Therefore we as dental professionals will be faced with different dynamics, challenges, and complications.

As a hygienist the history of implant dentistry makes you aware that implants are not new, but have been evolving for decades. Patients may have concerns that implants are so new that not enough research or development has been done for them to feel comfortable with the procedure. With your knowledge of the history, design, and research done on implants you will be better able to talk with your patients and answer these concerns. A fundamental understanding of key terms and statistics associated with implant dentistry will also be a valuable tool to add to your verbal skills when talking with patients about tooth replacement.

History

Believe it or not, the history of dental implants dates back to 600 AD with the ancient Mayans. Dr. and Mrs. Wilson Popenoe found the lower mandible of a young Mayan woman in Honduras in 1931 (Figure 1.1). She was missing some of her lower teeth and they had been replaced with the earliest example of the first dental implants, made from pieces of shell shaped to resemble teeth. Scientists believe that these shells may have actually worked. Slots were made into the bone and the shells were pounded in like little wedges, without anesthesia!

Figure 1.1 Discovery by Dr. and Mrs. Wilson Popenoe, Honduras, 1931. Reprinted with permission from Malvin E. Ring, Dentistry: An Illustrated History, 1st ed., Mosby.

Similar discoveries were made in Egypt, artifacts that date back to the 1700s. Ivory and the bones of animals were also sometimes used to replace missing teeth. It would be decades after these archaeological discoveries before the modern world caught up with the Mayans' and Egyptians' dental technology.