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Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications

A practically-focused reference and guide on the use of plasmonic sensing as a faster and cheaper alternative to conventional sensing platforms

Plasmons, the collective oscillations of electrons occurring at the interface between any two materials, are sensitive to changes in dielectric properties near metal surfaces. Plasmonic sensors enable the real-time study of unique surface properties by monitoring the effect of the material interaction at the sensor surface. Plasmonic sensing techniques offer fast, label-free analysis, and hold advantages over labelling techniques such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).

Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications examines the development and use of highly sensitive and selective plasmonic sensing platforms in chemistry, biotechnology, and medicine. Contributions by an international panel of experts provide timely and in-depth coverage of both real-world applications and academic research in the dynamic field. The authors describe advances in nanotechnology, polymer chemistry, and biomedicine, explore new and emerging applications of plasmonic sensing, discuss future trends and potential research directions, and more. This authoritative volume:

  • Demonstrates why plasmonic sensing is a profitable method for easy and label-free analysis in real-time
  • Covers a variety of applications of plasmonic sensors, such as disease diagnostics, vitamin detection, and detection of chemical and biological warfare agents
  • Includes a brief introduction to the history and development of plasmonic sensors
  • Provides concise theory and background for every application covered in the text

Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications is an invaluable resource for analytical chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, protein and surface chemists, and advanced students of biotechnology.

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Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

1 Deciphering Plasmonic Modality to Address Challenges in Disease Diagnostics

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Surface Plasmon Polaritons

1.3 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)

1.4 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LPSR)

1.5 Raman Spectroscopy and SERS

1.6 Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM)

1.7 Fiber Cables Sensors

1.8 New Trends in Plasmonic Sensors for the Applications in Disease Diagnosis

1.9 Outcomes and Conclusion

References

2 Nanosensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance

2.1 Historical and Theoretical Background

2.2 Fabrication of Metal Nanostructures

2.3 Improving Detection Limit of LSPR Sensors

2.4 Integration of LSPR with Other Molecular Identification Techniques

2.5 Practical Issues

2.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects

References

3 Highly Sensitive and Selective Plasmonic Sensing Platforms

3.1 Introduction

3.2 What Is Highly Sensitive (Ultrasensitive)?

3.3 Plasmonic Sensing Platforms

3.4 Recent Applications

3.5 Conclusion Remarks

References

4 Plasmonic Sensors for Detection of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Sensors

4.3 Biological Warfare Agents

4.4 Chemical Warfare Agents

4.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective

References

5 A Plasmonic Sensing Platform Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Medical Applications

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Molecular Imprinting Technology

5.3 Plasmonic Sensing

5.4 Medical Applications

5.5 Conclusion

References

6 Magnetoplasmonic Nanosensors

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Synthesis

6.3 Biosensing Applications

6.4 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

7 Plasmonic Sensors for Vitamin Detection

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Plasmonic Sensors

7.3 Vitamin Applications of Plasmonic Sensors

7.4 Conclusions and Prospects

References

8 Proteomic Applications of Plasmonic Sensors

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Plasmonic Sensors

8.3 Proteome Applications with Plasmonic Sensors

8.4 Conclusions and Prospects

References

9 Cancer Cell Recognition via Sensors System

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Sensors Systems in Cancer Cell Detection

9.3 Cancer Cells

9.4 Conclusion

References

10 Ultrasensitive Sensors Based on Plasmonic Nanoparticles

10.1 Introduction

10.2 SPR and LSPR

10.3 SERS

10.4 Colorimetric Sensing

10.5 Luminescence Applications

10.6 Conclusion

References

11 Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors for Chemical/Biological Sensing

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Direct Method

11.3 Indirect Method

11.4 SERS‐based Chemical Sensors (Chemosensors)

11.5 Absolute Intensity‐based Method

11.6 Wavenumber Shift‐based Method

11.7 Ratiometric Method

11.8 SERS‐based Biological Sensors (Biosensors)

11.9 Conclusion

References

12 Carbon Nanomaterials as Plasmonic Sensors in Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials as Plasmonic Sensors

12.3 Final Statement and Further Outlook

References

13 Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

13.1 Introduction

13.2 MIP Based SPR Sensors

13.3 Conclusions and Future Prospects

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 4

Table 4.1 Different applications of optical sensors.

Table 4.2 The main biological warfare agents and caused diseases.

Table 4.3 Classes of main and common chemical weapons agents.

Chapter 5

Table 5.1 Applications of molecularly imprinted‐based SPR sensors for the det...

Chapter 9

Table 9.1 The common cancer biomarkers.

Table 9.2 The comparison of various cancer cells and biomarkers detection met...

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 (a) SPP propagation is illustrated through thin film with the sur...

Figure 1.2 The common configuration of SPP excitations is depicted. (a) Kret...

Figure 1.3 The schematic represents the basic principle and the difference b...

Figure 1.4 Basic principles of Raman and SERS technique.

Figure 1.5 Schematic representation of WGM‐based glucose sensor.

Figure 1.6 (a) The fiber‐optic probe. (b) (i) A schematic diagram of the exp...

Figure 1.7 Schematic illustration of the AuNR‐based plasmonic immunoassay fo...

Figure 1.8 CRP detection via AuNP‐enhanced plasmonic imager. (a) The schemat...

Figure 1.9 (a) The diagram of the plasmonic patch fabrication and applicatio...

Figure 1.10 Schematic represents the working principle of plasmonic Fabry–Pe...

Figure 1.11 (a) Colorimetric detection of cortisol in artificial sweat (ii–v...

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1

Optical scattering efficiency of a metallic nanosphere

covered wit

...

Figure 2.2 Typical field of silver nanoparticles immobilized on SiO

2

wafer a...

Figure 2.3 (a): Single Ag nanoparticle resonant Rayleigh scattering spectrum...

Figure 2.4 Effect of size and shape on LSPR extinction spectrum for silver n...

Figure 2.5

Schematic representation of the preparation and response of LSPR

...

Figure 2.6 Transmission electron micrographs and UV–Visible extinction spect...

Figure 2.7 (a) Representative scanning electron microscope image of substrat...

Figure 2.8 (a) UV–Visible absorption spectra of CYP101(Fe

3+

) (green solid li...

Figure 2.9 The effect of the probe distance on the fluorescence enhancement ...

Figure 2.10 The fluorescence enhancement is very sensitive to the exact plac...

Figure 2.11 (a) Schematic of gold nanoparticles used as fluorescence enhance...

Figure 2.12

Tuning the LSPR to maximize the SERS signal

. (a) SERS spectrum o...

Figure 2.13 Uniform biochip for multiplexed LSPR detection. (a) Photograph o...

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 The microfluidic chip consists of poly(methyl methacrylate) and a...

Figure 3.2 Scheme of DNA detection with hybrid materials (a). Curve change b...

Figure 3.3 Scheme of the plasmonic sensing platform with the graphene‐oxide‐...

Figure 3.4 Scheme of the nanohole platform on glass (a) and hybrid (c) subst...

Figure 3.5 Concentration dependence of vascular endothelial growth factor de...

Figure 3.6 Scheme of the immobilization of aptamer transducers on the electr...

Figure 3.7 Scheme of 17‐estradiol detection under different conditions.

Figure 3.8 Changes of fluorescence emission spectra upon the addition of lea...

Figure 3.9 UV–vis absorption spectra of the silver nanoprisms following the ...

Figure 3.10 Scheme of Raman shift of the starch‐reduced gold nanoparticles....

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 (a) Principle of a plasmonic‐based sensor and (b) change in the s...

Figure 4.2 (a) The portable SPR sensor and (b) sensorgram for antigen–antibo...

Figure 4.3 The preparation of gold nanoparticle‐containing, and imprinted po...

Figure 4.4 (a) SEM image of the topography of the triangular hybrid Au–Ag na...

Figure 4.5 (a) SPR sensing structure based on a side‐polished single‐mode op...

Figure 4.6 (a) Principle of immunological SPR sensor for simultaneous differ...

Figure 4.7 (a) Schematic presentation for the electropolymerization of a com...

Figure 4.8 (a) Scheme of the construction of immuno‐surface by self‐assembly...

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Schematic representation of sensor fabrication.

Figure 5.2 A. (a) Molecular imprinting of the template. (b) Formation of the...

Figure 5.3 Scheme of SPR sensor setup, the PS–MIF (polystyrene nanoparticles...

Figure 5.4 The schematic preparation of sensor for detection of viruses.

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 The structural form of MPNCs: core‐shell or core‐satellite struct...

Figure 6.2 The schematic illustration of the synthesis mechanism for the MPN...

Figure 6.3 The surface functionalization of the dumbbell like MPNCs (a); TEM...

Figure 6.4 (a) Schematic showing the controlled assembly of Fe

3

O

4

MNPs onto ...

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 Schematic presentation of the classification of vitamins.

Figure 7.2 Schematic presentation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

Figure 7.3 Schematic presentation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LS...

Figure 7.4 (a) Absorption spectra of Au@Ag CNPs in the presence of different...

Figure 7.5 Schematic presentation of experimental setup for the characteriza...

Figure 7.6 Schematic representation of the preparation of vitamin imprinted ...

Figure 7.7 Morphology change of AuNRs during the formation of gold amalgamat...

Figure 7.8 The schematic illustration of Cys‐capped AgNPs based sensing stra...

Figure 7.9 Schematic illustration of the proposed colorimetric assay.

Figure 7.10 (a) Colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid with the common phot...

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 Integrating the DNA and RNA sequencing and proteins for proteomic...

Figure 8.2 Types of proteomics (functional, structural and differential prot...

Figure 8.3 Proteomic workflow.

Figure 8.4 Schematic of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)..

Figure 8.5 Schematic of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR).

Figure 8.6 Schematic representation of the preparation of vitamin imprinted ...

Figure 8.7 Schematic representation for the detection of

S. enteritidis

by M...

Figure 8.8 Schematic representation of

E. coli

imprinted polymeric film synt...

Figure 8.9 Synthesis process of CPX imprinted polymer..

Figure 8.10 Schematic diagram of SPR aptasensor for APC detection..

Figure 8.11 Schematic diagram of the Au‐capping process on a surface of an o...

Figure 8.12 Optical measurement setup and changes in LSPR intensities from t...

Figure 8.13 Schematic illustration of SPR biosensor surface modification for...

Figure 8.14 (a) Picture of chip (A‐photopolymer, B‐free gold surface, C‐hydr...

Figure 8.15 Schematic illustration of sensing strategy for SPR cytosensor....

Figure 8.16 Schematic representation of microcontact imprinting of PSA onto ...

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 The procedures for the fabrication of the nanoprobe..

Figure 9.2 The schematic of prepared Au NCs and a multi‐walled carbon nanotu...

Figure 9.3 Preparation of Notch‐4 receptor immobilized sensor.

Figure 9.4 Schematic illustration of optical waveguide spectroscopy SPR sens...

Figure 9.5 (a) Schematic description of sensor surface by self‐assemble meth...

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 (a) Schematic representation of surface plasmon resonance where ...

Figure 10.2 Schematic representation of surface plasmon enabling signal tran...

Figure 10.3 Schematic illustration of the colorimetric detection of Cu

2+

ion...

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 Energy level diagram for the representation of energy changes du...

Figure 11.2 Schematic diagram to show phenomenon of SERS..

Figure 11.3 (a) Pictorial of direct detection through SERS. (b) Indirect det...

Figure 11.4 A schematic diagram representing the sensing of F

ions us...

Figure 11.5 A schematic diagram representing the sensing mechanism for the d...

Figure 11.6 Detection of DNA hybridization by functionalized nanoparticles a...

Figure 11.7 Intracellular pH sensing with targeted Au Nps..

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 Schematic representation of protein immobilization on the modifi...

Figure 12.2 2D and 3D AFM images the sensing layer surface before (a) and (c...

Chapter 13

Figure 13.1 The concept of molecular imprinting process. T: template molecul...

Figure 13.2 Real‐time MIP sensorgrams for RoxP binding versus time.

Figure 13.3 (a) Scheme for solid‐phase preparation of vancomycin nanoMIPs (b...

Figure 13.4 (a) Vancomycin binding on nanoMIP and NIP immobilized surfaces i...

Scheme 13.1 The scheme for the preparation of

E. faecalis

‐imprinted plasmoni...

Figure 13.5 (a) The real‐time

E. faecalis

detection (b) The relationship bet...

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Begin Reading

Index

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications

 

 

Edited byAdil Denizli

 

 

 

 

 

Editor

Adil DenizliDepartment of ChemistryHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey

Cover

Cover Design: WileyCover Image: © Creations/Shutterstock

All books published by WILEY‐VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.

Library of Congress Card No.: applied for

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The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at <http://dnb.d-nb.de>.

© 2021 WILEY‐VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany

All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

Print ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐34847‐3ePDF ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐83033‐6ePub ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐83035‐0oBook ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐83034‐3

Preface

I welcome the publication of this book titled Plasmonic Sensors and Their Applications. In recent years, plasmonic sensors have been employed for various applications from medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis, food quality detection to defense, and security fields. The development and progress of the plasmonic sensors cover chemistry, physics, material science, nanotechnology, and engineering. A huge body of information on plasmonic sensors and applications is already existed and continuing to create more reliable, selective, sensitive, and low‐cost sensors for a variety of applications although a complicated and time‐consuming production procedure.

This book contains 13 chapters, which contain plasmonic sensors prepared by different methods and used for various applications. In the first chapter, following the mention of the fundamentals of plasmonic sensors, new trends in plasmonic sensors for the applications in disease diagnosis are extensively reviewed with future perspectives. In Chapter 2, nanosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance are highlighted. The historical and theoretical background, fabrication of metal nanostructures, improving detection limit, and integration of sensors with other molecular identification techniques are discussed. Highly sensitive and selective plasmonic‐sensing platforms in medical and environmental applications are comprehensively evaluated in Chapter 3. The next chapter, Chapter 4, concentrates on the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents using plasmonic sensors with recent studies. Chapter 5 includes plasmonic‐sensing platforms based on molecularly imprinted polymers for medical applications. Chapter 6 summarizes the performance and analytical features of the magnetoplasmonic sensors. In Chapter 7, overview of vitamin detection using plasmonic sensors can be found. Proteomic applications of plasmonic sensors are reviewed in Chapter 8. Cancer cell recognition via plasmonic sensor systems is given in Chapter 9. Plasmonic nanoparticles, which are prepared by different strategies for the ultrasensitive sensing platforms, are combined in Chapter 10. The next chapter, Chapter 11, gives details about the application of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensors for chemical and biological sensing. Carbon nanomaterials as plasmonic sensors in biotechnological and biomedical applications are summarized in Chapter 12. Finally, surface plasmon resonance sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers are highlighted in detail in Chapter 13.

I believe this book provides an overview and highlights some of the recent research including the extensively studied topics. I would like to deeply thank WILEY‐VCH and all the contributors to the generation of this book possible. I hope this book will reach a broad range of readers.

Prof. Dr. Adil Denizli

Editor

Ankara, Turkey, 2021