Power System Engineering E-Book

Juergen Schlabbach

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 516

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

With its focus on the requirements and procedures of tendering and project contracting, this book enables the reader to adapt the basics of power systems and equipment design to special tasks and engineering projects, e.g. the integration of renewable energy sources.

Leseprobe

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Jürgen Schlabbach

Karl-Heinz Rofalski

Power System Engineering

Planning, Design and Operation of Power Systems and Equipment

Second, Updated and Enlarged Edition

The Authors

Professor Jürgen Schlabbach

Bielefeld College of Further Education

Schneidemühler Str. 88b

33605 Bielefeld

Germany

Dipl.-Ing. Karl-Heinz Rofalski

Freelance Engineer and Consultant

Im Winkel 15

61352 Bad Homburg

Germany

All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.

Library of Congress Card No.: applied for

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at <http://dnb.d-nb.de>.

© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany

All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

Print ISBN: 978-3-527-41260-0

ePDF ISBN: 978-3-527-67905-8

ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-67904-1

Mobi ISBN: 978-3-527-67903-4

oBook ISBN: 978-3-527-67906-5

Foreword, 2nd Edition

Since the first edition of this book in 2008, significant changes have taken place with respect to the generation and network structures of electric power supply systems. Under the term “Energiewende,” Germany acts as a pioneer regarding the conversion and restructuring of electrical energy generation. In the past, electrical energy generation was based mainly on nuclear energy, coal, and gas power plants as against the new technologies pertaining to renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic, wind energy, and biomass plants. The actual development by interconnection of photovoltaic and biomass plants with low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) networks, of wind turbines with MV and high-voltage (HV) networks, likewise the development of offshore wind farms, indicated that a careful and thorough planning, design, and implementation of transmission and distribution networks is an absolutely necessary condition for the development of renewable energy sources and the successful completion of the “Energiewende.”

This second edition of the book takes account of these developments, such as smart grids, HVDC-transmission, technical conditions for grid connection of generation plants, and application of new technologies, such as high temperature overhead conductors.

All standards and technical regulations have been brought up to date. The book reflects the actual status of the techniques, norms, and standards. All comments stated in this book are given to the authors' best knowledge, based on comprehensive technical knowledge and experience. Actual issues of the standards, available from the national standards organization, are only to be applied.

The authors like to thank all companies and organizations for supporting the book by providing technical data and other information, especially Prof. Dr. Stamminger from University of Bonn/Germany for information on smart domestic appliances. Special thanks are addressed to the staff of Wiley-VCH for their ongoing excellent cooperation in preparing the second edition. Our heartfelt thanks are with our families for their patience and support; otherwise, this book could never have been revised and extended.

Bielefeld, Bad Homburg, November 2013

[email protected]    [email protected]

Foreword, 1st Edition

The supply of electrical energy at competitive prices, in sufficient quantity and quality, and under the aspect of safe supply through reliable equipment, system structures and devices is of crucial importance for the economic development of countries and for the well-being of each individual. When planning power systems different boundary conditions must be considered, which are based on regional, structural, technical, environmental and financial facts, having a considerable impact on the technical design in many cases. Each investment decision requires a particularly careful planning and investigation, to which power system engineering and power system planning contribute substantially.

This book deals with nearly all aspects of power system engineering starting from general approach such as load estimate and the selection of suitable system and substation topology. Details for the design and operational restrictions of the major power system equipment, like cables, transformers and overhead lines are also dealt with. Basics for load-flow representation of equipment and short-circuit analysis are given as well as details on the grounding of system neutrals and insulation coordination. A major chapter deals with the procedures of project definition, tendering and contracting.

The purpose of this book is to serve as a reference and working book for engineers working in practice in utilities and industry. However, it can also be used for additional information and as a hand-book in post-graduate study courses at universities. The individual chapters include theoretical basics as far as necessary but focus mainly on the practical application of the methods as presented in the relevant sections. Carrying out engineering studies and work moreover requires the application of the latest edition of standards, norms and technical recommendations. Examples are given based on projects and work carried out by the authors during the last years.

The preparation of this book was finalised in March 2008 and reflects the actual status of the techniques, norms and standards. All comments stated in this book are given to the best of knowledge, based on the comprehensive technical experience of the authors.

Extracts from IEC 60905:1978 and DIN-norms with VDE-classification are permitted for this edition of the book by licensee agreement 252.007 of DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.) and VDE (Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V.) on 08.11.2007. An additional permission is required for other usages and editions. Standards are only to be applied based on their actual issues, available from VDE-Verlag GmbH, Bismarckstr. 33, D-10625 Berlin, Beuth-Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstr. 6, D-10787 Berlin or the national standard organisation.

The authors would like to thank Dipl.-Ing. Christian Kley and cand. ing. Mirko Zinn, University of Applied Sciences in Bielefeld, for spending time and efforts to draw the figures and diagrams. Special thanks are addressed to the staff of Wiley-VCH for the very good cooperation during the preparation of this book. Our thanks are also extended to our families for their patience during the uncounted hours of writing the book.

Bielefeld, Bad Homburg, March 2008

[email protected]    [email protected]

1Introduction

1.1    Reliability, Security, Economy

Power system engineering is the central area of activity for power system planning, project engineering, operation and rehabilitation of power systems for electrical power supply. Power system engineering comprises the analysis, calculation and design of electrical systems and equipment, the setup of tender documents, the evaluation of offers and their technical and financial assessment and contract negotiations and award. It is seen as an indispensable and integral part of the engineering activities for feasibility studies, for planning and operating studies, for project engineering, for the development, extension and rehabilitation of existing facilities, for the design of network protection concepts and protective relay settings and also for clearing up of disturbances e.g. following short-circuits.