Practical Psychology for Forensic Investigations and Prosecutions E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: Wiley Series in The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 459

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

This book it is a comprehensive guide, aimed at professionals, that starts with the interview of the victim of the crime, moving through the interviewing of suspects, to the decision to prosecute and enhancing the quality of evidence presented in court. Other topics discussed include: false allegations, false confessions, offender profiling and victim support. Throughout, the theme of the book is that the chain of events leading to the successful investigation and prosecution of offences is only as strong as the weakest link, and should be considered as a coherent whole.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title

Copyright

Dedication

About the Editors

About the Contributors

Series Preface

Preface

Acknowledgements

Introduction

AN OVERVIEW OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 1: Interviewing Victims of Crime, Including Children and People with Intellectual Disabilities

INTRODUCTION

INTERVIEWING VICTIMS OF CRIME

INTERVIEWING CHILDREN AND PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2: Procedural Recommendations to Increase the Reliability of Eyewitness Identifications

PROLOGUE

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

COMPOSITES

MUGSHOTS

LINEUPS

SHOWUPS

CONCLUSION

EPILOGUE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3: Investigating Criminal Cases of Delayed Reports of Sexual Abuse

INTERPRETING COMPLAINANTS’ ACCOUNTS OF HOW THEY REMEMBERED ABUSE

ASSESSING THE ORIGINS OF “SUGGESTIONS” OF ABUSE

THE DIFFICULTY OF GENERALIZING FROM EMPIRICAL RESEARCH TO THE INDIVIDUAL CASE

SUMMARY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES

IMPLICATIONS FOR INVESTIGATORS AND PROSECUTORS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4: Psychological Characteristics of Offenders

DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS

COGNITIVE AND SELF-REGULATION DEFICITS

MORAL DEVELOPMENT

AFFECTIVE AND EMOTIONAL FACTORS

AFFECT AND EMOTION IN SEX OFFENDERS

CONTROL, DOMINANCE AND OTHER MOTIVATIONS IN SEX OFFENDERS

PATHWAYS TO SEXUAL OFFENDING

PATHWAY 1

PATHWAY 2

MENTAL DISORDER IN OFFENDERS

ALCOHOL USE AND OFFENDING

UNDERSTANDING THE INDIVIDUAL OFFENDER

THE FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS APPROACH

CRIMINOGENIC VERSUS NONCRIMINOGENIC NEEDS

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5: Detecting Deception

INTRODUCTION

THEORY BEHIND DECEPTION

TRADITIONAL POLYGRAPH TESTS, VSA, THERMAL IMAGING AND OBSERVING BEHAVIOUR

ALTERNATIVE LIE-DETECTION METHODS

AVOID PAYING ATTENTION TO NONDIAGNOSTIC CUES: IMPLICIT LIE DETECTION

CONCLUSION

NOTES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 6: Improving the Interviewing of Suspected Offenders

INTRODUCTION

THE BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH AN OFFENDER CONFESSING

THEORETICAL MODELS

THE IMPORTANCE OF EVIDENCE

POLICE INTERVIEWING TECHNIQUES

ETHICAL ISSUES AND FALSE CONFESSIONS

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7: Strategies for Preventing False Confessions and Their Consequences

CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF FALSE CONFESSIONS

MINIMIZING CONSEQUENCES OF FALSE CONFESSIONS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8: Offender Profiling: Limits and Potential

THE CONSTRUCTION OF OFFENDER PROFILES

ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING OFFENDER PROFILING

THE UTILITY OF OFFENDER PROFILES

IMPROVING THE UTILITY OF OFFENDER PROFILES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 9: Deciding to Prosecute

THE DECISION TO PROSECUTE

DUE PROCESS OR CRIME CONTROL

FOLKWAYS IN PROSECUTORIAL PROCESS

PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED, ROLES AND INDEPENDENCE

MARKING VS REVIEW AND THE ROLE OF DECISION REVERSER

STAGES OF THE DECISION

FACTUAL BASIS FOR DECISIONS: QUALITY OF INFORMATION

FACTORS TO INCLUDE OR EXCLUDE

WHOSE INTERESTS DOES THE “PUBLIC INTEREST” SERVE?

OFFENCES AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN – STEREOTYPES AND BIASES

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 10: Preventing Withdrawal of Complaints and Psychological Support for Victims

INTRODUCTION

PREVENTING THE WITHDRAWAL OF COMPLAINTS

PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR VICTIMS

CONCLUSIONS

NOTE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 11: Communicating Risk to the Court

INTRODUCTION

THE MEANING OF RISK

PREDICTION VERSUS ASSESSMENT

THE MEANING OF LEVEL OF RISK

THE FORMATION OF RISK GROUPS: ACTUARIAL VERSUS CLINICAL ASSESSMENT

THE PROCESS OF RISK ASSESSMENT

ACTUARIAL INSTRUMENTS

CONCLUSION

NOTE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 12: Future Directions for Applying Psychology to Forensic Investigations and Prosecutions

METHODOLOGIES

TRANSFERRING KNOWLEDGE

FINAL CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

CHAPTER 10: Preventing Withdrawal of Complaints and Psychological Support for Victims

Figure 10.1 Summary of investigation and prosecution process, showing attrition points (developed from Sanders et al., 1997)

CHAPTER 11: Communicating Risk to the Court

Figure 11.1 Risk assessment in myocardial infarction (see text)

Figure 11.2 Risk assessment in offenders with examples of risk factors

List of Tables

CHAPTER 4: Psychological Characteristics of Offenders

Table 4.1 Individual and family factors in the developmental histories of offenders (Farrington, 1996)

Table 4.2 Components of anger assessment

Table 4.3 Areas requiring assessment in functional analysis of offences

Table 4.4 Functional analysis for “Brandon”

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

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Wiley Series in The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law

Series Editors

Graham Davies and Ray Bull

University of Leicester, UK

The Wiley Series in the Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law publishes concise and integrative reviews on important emerging areas of contemporary research. The purpose of the series is not merely to present research findings in a clear and readable form, but also to bring out their implications for both practice and policy. In this way, it is hoped the series will not only be useful to psychologists but also to all those concerned with crime detection and prevention, policing, and the judicial process.

For other titles in this series please see www.wiley.com/go/pcpl

Practical Psychology for Forensic Investigations and Prosecutions

Mark R. Kebbell

Griffith University, Australia

Graham M. Davies

University of Leicester, UK

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,West Sussex PO19 8SQ, EnglandTelephone ([phone]

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Practical psychology for forensic investigations and prosecutions / edited by Mark R. Kebbell and Graham M. Davies.

p. ; cm. – (Wiley series in the psychology of crime, policing and law)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978-0-470-09213-2 (cloth : alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 0-470-09213-0 (cloth : alk. paper)

ISBN-13: 978-0-470-09214-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 0-470-09214-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. Forensic psychology. I. Kebbell, Mark R. II. Davies, Graham, 1943- . III. Series.

[DNLM: 1. Criminal Psychology–methods. 2. Forensic Sciences.

W 740 P8947 2006]

RA1148.P73 2006

614′.15–dc222006014663

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN-13978-0-470-09213-2 (hbk)978-0-470-09214-9 (pbk)

ISBN-100-470-09213-0 (hbk)0-470-09214-9 (pbk)

The Editors would like to dedicate this book to their families.

About the Editors

Mark Kebbell is Associate Professor of Forensic Psychology and the Director of the Forensic Psychology Programme at Griffith University. His expertise and research is in the area of interviewing particularly with regards suspects and vulnerable witnesses. He wrote the guidelines for police officers in England and Wales (with Wagstaff) for the assessment of eyewitness evidence. He has worked on more than 70 criminal cases, principally involving murder or serious sexual assault, and has given expert evidence on numerous occasions including uncontested psychological evidence in an Old Bailey appeal case. Academically, he publishes in international journals and has been awarded a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship for Outstanding Younger Scholars.

Graham Davies is Professor of Psychology at the University of Leicester. His main research interests lie in the area of eyewitness testimony in children and adults on which he has co-authored over 100 papers in scientific and professional journals and 6 books. He evaluated the live link and videotaped interview innovations for child witnesses for the Home Office and edited the current official guidance on interviewing: Achieving Best Evidence. He acts as an expert witness in cases involving children’s evidence and is a serving magistrate. He is a past Chair of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition and the current President of the European Association of Law and Psychology.

About the Contributors

Laurence Alison is Professor of Forensic Psychology and Director of the Centre for Critical Incident Research at the University of Liverpool. His research interests include investigative decision making, police leadership and law enforcement personnel’s use of expert advice. He has published widely on these topics at an international level in a variety of academic and practitioner outlets. He has contributed advice to several major cases in the last 10 years, including rapes, murders, armed robberies and terrorist attacks. He has produced several books on profiling and investigation, most recently as editor of The Forensic Psychologist’s Casebook: Psychological Profiling and Criminal Investigation.

Jennifer Beaudry is a doctoral candidate at the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University under the supervision of Rod Lindsay. Before pursuing graduate studies at Queen’s University she worked as an emergency services child protection worker for the Sudbury Children’s Aid Society. Her main research interests are eyewitness identification evidence, radical lineup procedures and juror decision making. She has co-authored a chapter, entitled “Belief of Eyewitness Identification Evidence”, for the . Her research has been presented at several international conferences, including the American Psychology-Law Society and the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. She currently holds a Canadian Graduate Scholarship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.