Practical Weight Management in Dogs and Cats E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 374

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Practical Weight Management in Dogs and Cats is a comprehensive, clinical reference for the veterinary health team, providing the necessary tools to successfully manage pet obesity. Bringing together specialists in nutrition, internal medicine, critical care, and surgery and rehabilitation, the book provides an overview of prevention techniques, clinical management, and practical tips for implementing successful programs and educating owners. Covering topics ranging from taking a nutritional history and body condition scoring to calculating food dosage and client communication tips, this book is a resource for both veterinarians and veterinary technicians to address the growing problem of pet obesity. The book begins by explaining the clinical importance of obesity, then moves on to diagnosing and preventing obesity. The heart of the book is devoted to managing body weight, with chapters on nutritional, pharmacotherapeutic, and exercise strategies, and two unique chapters cover owner compliance and wellness programs. Practical Weight Management in Dogs and Cats offers a collaborative approach to managing weight in pet dogs and cats.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

List of Contributors

1 Clinical Importance of Canine and Feline Obesity

Introduction

Defining Obesity

Prevalence of Obesity

Health Risks of Obesity

Fat as an Endocrine Organ

Appetite Regulation

In Practice

2 Diagnosing Obesity

Recognizing a Problem: The First Step to Solving It

Defining Obesity

Clinical Tools

Why Ideal Body Weight Matters

Gain Commitment

Summary

In Practice

3 Preventing Obesity

Basic Advice for Owners

Nutritional Plan

Nutritional Assessment

Step One: Assess the Current Situation

Step Two: Specific Nutritional Recommendation

Feeding Amounts

How Should I Feed My Pet?

Life Stage and Lifestyle Considerations

Conclusion

In Practice: The Case of the Automatic Feeder

4 Nutritional Management of Obesity

Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine

Nutraceuticals

Nutrigenomics: The Future of Functional Foods

Nutrigenomics and Obesity

Therapeutic Weight Loss Foods

Determining How Much to Feed

Food Dose

Summary

In Practice

5 Pharmacotherapy for Management of Canine Obesity

Mechanism of Action

Dosing

Clinical Response

Safety Profile

Effects on Fat-soluble Vitamins

Contraindications, Warnings, Precautions

Implementing a Successful Weight Loss Program Using MTP-Inhibitors

6 Therapeutic Exercises

The Principles of Therapeutic Exercises for Dogs and Cats

Exercise Options

Planning an Exercise Program

Assessing and Adjusting Exercise Programs

Resources for Ambulation Assistance Devices

7 Owner Education and Adherence

The Human-Animal Bond: What Goes Wrong?

Weight Reduction Programs

Monitoring and Adjusting the Program

Summary

8 Implementing a Weight Management Program

Getting Started

Staff Training

Implementing the Program

Regular Check-ins

Cat Specifics

Weight Maintenance Program Examples

Keys to Success

Online Tools

Benefits of Weight Loss Programs to Practices

Summary

In Practice

Index

This edition first published 2011 © 2011 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Practical weight management in dogs and cats / edited by Todd L. Towell.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

 ISBN 978-0-8138-0956-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)

 1. Cats–Diseases–Diet therapy. 2. Dogs–Diseases–Diet therapy. 3. Cats–Exercise. 

4. Dogs–Exercise. 5. Obesity in animals. I. Towell, Todd L.

 [DNLM: 1. Obesity–therapy. 2. Obesity–veterinary. 3. Cats. 4. Dogs.

 SF 992.N88]

 SF985.P65 2011

 636.8'083–dc22

2011007211

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9780470960974; ePub 9780470960981; Mobi 9780470960998

Disclaimer

The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

List of Contributors

P. Jane Armstrong, DVM, MS, MBA, DACVIM

Professor, Veterinary Internal Medicine

University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine

Mark A. Brady, DVM, DACVECC

Veterinary Consultation Service

Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc.

Kara Burns, MS, MEd, LVT

Veterinary Technician Specialist

Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc.

Sharon Campbell, DVM, MS, DACVIM

Specialty Hospital Liaison

Pfizer Animal Health

S. Dru Forrester, DVM, MS, DACVIM

Associate Director, Scientific Communications

Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc.

Angela L. Lusby, DVM, PhD, DACVN

Clinical Instructor

University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine

Denis J. Marcellin-Little, DEDV, DACVS, DECVS, DACVSMR

Professor, Orthopedics

North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine

Rebecca L. Remillard, PhD, DVM, DACVN

Nutritionist

MSPCA Angell Animal Medical Center

Todd L. Towell, DVM, MS, DACVIM

Senior Manager, Scientific Communications

Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc.

1

Clinical Importance of Canine and Feline Obesity

P. Jane Armstrong, DVM, MS, MBA, DACVIM, and Angela L. Lusby, DVM, PhD, DACVN

Introduction

The last decade has seen a fundamental shift in our understanding of obesity. The discovery of hormones and cytokines generated by adipose tissue (termed adipokines) has expanded fat’s traditional roles as an energy storage depot, insulator, and support for abdominal organs. Fat is now recognized as the most abundant source of hormones in the body, making it the largest endocrine organ. Additionally, macrophages in adipose tissue contribute to the release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and other adipokines into the blood. As a result, overweight and obese individuals reside in a state of chronic inflammation (Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1. Relationship of obesity to chronic inflammation. In obese states, adipose tissue expands rapidly and adipocytes enlarge. This induces a state of local hypoxia and stress responses that recruit macrophages to adipose tissue. In the obese state, adipocytes also release cytokines, adipokines, and free fatty acids. These work locally and systemically to increase the inflammatory state within adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, and cause insulin resistance.

Images from Fotolia.com.

This knowledge has come on the heels of an epidemic of obesity in companion animals that parallels the global obesity epidemic in human patients. The combination of serious metabolic and health consequences of obesity and sheer number of obese pets should make canine and feline obesity a priority for veterinarians. Just as veterinarians have long provided routine infectious disease and dental prophylaxis, preventive health care also must focus on nutrition counseling. Informing pet owners about disease risk factors associated with obesity and recommending appropriate dietary intake for obesity prevention and weight loss should be integrated into most preventive care examinations.

Defining Obesity

Obesity is a disease in which excess body fat has accumulated such that health may be adversely affected. In human medicine, application of this definition is based on epidemiologic data that demonstrate increased morbidity and mortality risks with increasing body fat mass. Based on such data, criteria have been established for what constitutes “overweight” and “obese.” To date, such objective criteria are not available for dogs and cats. Fat mass comprises about 15% to 20% of the body weight in dogs and cats in ideal body condition.1–5 Pets are typically considered overweight at 10% to 20% above their ideal body weight and obese if their weight exceeds 20% to 30% more than ideal.6,7

One of the most difficult challenges in diagnosing obesity is determining ideal body weight and present fat mass. A patient’s fat mass can be measured using a variety of methods. However, most involve some procedure or parameter that makes them unsuitable at present for routine clinical use. Because of its precision and relative ease of use, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has become the standard tool for measuring body composition when performing clinical research in pet obesity. Unfortunately, access to DEXA equipment is generally limited to academic and corporate research facilities.