Predictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives E-Book

Jose Rodriguez

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley - IEEE
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 275

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

Describes the general principles and current research into Model Predictive Control (MPC); the most up-to-date control method for power converters and drives The book starts with an introduction to the subject before the first chapter on classical control methods for power converters and drives. This covers classical converter control methods and classical electrical drives control methods. The next chapter on Model predictive control first looks at predictive control methods for power converters and drives and presents the basic principles of MPC. It then looks at MPC for power electronics and drives. The third chapter is on predictive control applied to power converters. It discusses: control of a three-phase inverter; control of a neutral point clamped inverter; control of an active front end rectifier, and; control of a matrix converter. In the middle of the book there is Chapter four - Predictive control applied to motor drives. This section analyses predictive torque control of industrial machines and predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Design and implementation issues of model predictive control is the subject of the final chapter. The following topics are described in detail: cost function selection; weighting factors design; delay compensation; effect of model errors, and prediction of future references. While there are hundreds of books teaching control of electrical energy using pulse width modulation, this will be the very first book published in this new topic. * Unique in presenting a completely new theoretic solution to control electric power in a simple way * Discusses the application of predictive control in motor drives, with several examples and case studies * Matlab is included on a complementary website so the reader can run their own simulations

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part One: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Applications of Power Converters and Drives

1.2 Types of Power Converters

1.3 Control of Power Converters and Drives

1.4 Why Predictive Control is Particularly Suited for Power Electronics

1.5 Contents of this Book

References

Chapter 2: Classical Control Methods for Power Converters and Drives

2.1 Classical Current Control Methods

2.2 Classical Electrical Drive Control Methods

2.3 Summary

References

Chapter 3: Model Predictive Control

3.1 Predictive Control Methods for Power Converters and Drives

3.2 Basic Principles of Model Predictive Control

3.3 Model Predictive Control for Power Electronics and Drives

3.4 Summary

References

Part Two: Model Predictive Control Applied to Power Converters

Chapter 4: Predictive Control of a Three-Phase Inverter

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Predictive Current Control

4.3 Cost Function

4.4 Converter Model

4.5 Load Model

4.6 Discrete-Time Model for Prediction

4.7 Working Principle

4.8 Implementation of the Predictive Control Strategy

4.9 Comparison to a Classical Control Scheme

4.10 Summary

References

Chapter 5: Predictive Control of a Three-Phase Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter

5.1 Introduction

5.2 System Model

5.3 Linear Current Control Method with Pulse Width Modulation

5.4 Predictive Current Control Method

5.5 Implementation

5.6 Summary

References

Chapter 6: Control of an Active Front-End Rectifier

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Rectifier Model

6.3 Predictive Current Control in an Active Front-End

6.4 Predictive Power Control

6.5 Predictive Control of an AC–DC–AC Converter

6.6 Summary

References

Chapter 7: Control of a Matrix Converter

7.1 Introduction

7.2 System Model

7.3 Classical Control: The Venturini Method

7.4 Predictive Current Control of the Matrix Converter

7.5 Summary

References

Part Three: Model Predictive Control Applied to Motor Drives

Chapter 8: Predictive Control of Induction Machines

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Dynamic Model of an Induction Machine

8.3 Field Oriented Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Matrix Converter Using Predictive Current Control

8.4 Predictive Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Voltage Source Inverter

8.5 Predictive Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Matrix Converter

8.6 Summary

References

Chapter 9: Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Machine Equations

9.3 Field Oriented Control Using Predictive Current Control

9.4 Predictive Speed Control

9.5 Summary

References

Part Four: Design and Implementation Issues of Model Predictive Control

Chapter 10: Cost Function Selection

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Reference Following

10.3 Actuation Constraints

10.4 Hard Constraints

10.5 Spectral Content

10.6 Summary

References

Chapter 11: Weighting Factor Design

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Cost Function Classification

11.3 Weighting Factors Adjustment

11.4 Examples

11.5 Summary

References

Chapter 12: Delay Compensation

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Effect of Delay due to Calculation Time

12.3 Delay Compensation Method

12.4 Prediction of Future References

12.5 Summary

References

Chapter 13: Effect of Model Parameter Errors

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Three-Phase Inverter

13.3 Proportional–Integral Controllers with Pulse Width Modulation

13.4 Deadbeat Control with Pulse Width Modulation

13.5 Model Predictive Control

13.6 Comparative Results

13.7 Summary

References

Appendix A: Predictive Control Simulation—Three-Phase Inverter

A.1 Predictive Current Control of a Three-Phase Inverter

Appendix B: Predictive Control Simulation—Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter

B.1 Definition of Predictive Torque Control Simulation Parameters

B.2 MATLAB® Code for the Predictive Torque Control Simulation

Appendix C: Predictive Control Simulation—Matrix Converter

C.1 Predictive Current Control of a Direct Matrix Converter

Index

This edition first published 2012

© 2012, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Rodriguez Perez, Jose.

Predictive control of power converters and electrical drives / Rodriguez Perez, Jose, Patricio Cortes Estay.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-119-96398-1 (cloth)

1. Electric driving–Automatic control. 2. Electric current converters–Automatic control. 3. Predictive control.

I. Estay, Patricio Cortes. II. Title.

TK4058.R64 2012

621.3815'322–dc23

2011049804

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 9781119963981

Foreword

Predictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives is an essential work on modern methodology that has the potential to advance the performance of future energy processing and control systems. The main features of modern power electronic converters such as high efficiency, low size and weight, fast operation and high power densities are achieved through the use of the so-called switch mode operation, in which power semiconductor devices are controlled in ON/OFF fashion (operation in the active region is eliminated). This leads to different types of pulse width modulation (PWM), which is the basic energy processing technique used in power electronic systems. The PWM block not only controls but also linearizes power converters, thus it can be considered as a linear power amplifier (actuator). Therefore, power converter and drive systems classically are controlled in cascaded multi-loop systems with PI regulators.

Model-based predictive control (MPC) offers quite a different approach to energy processing, considering a power converter as a discontinuous and nonlinear actuator. In the MPC system the control action is realized in a single controller by on-line selection from all possible states, calculated in the discrete-time predictive model only as the one which minimizes the cost function. Therefore, by appropriate cost function formulation it allows larger flexibility and also achieves the optimization of several important parameters like number of switchings, switching losses, reactive power control, motor torque ripple minimization, etc. Thus, the predictive controller takes over the functions of the PWM block and cascaded multi-loop PI control of a classical system, and can offer to industry flexibility, simplicity and software-based optimal solutions where several objectives must be fulfilled at the same time. The price which is paid for the use of a predictive controller is the large number of calculations required. However, it goes well with the fast development of signal processor capacities and the evolution of industrial informatics.

In 13 chapters organized in four parts, the authors cover the basic principles of predictive control and introduce the reader in a very systematic way to the analysis and design methodology of MPC systems for power converters and AC motor drives. The book has the typical attributes of a monograph. It is well organized and easy to read. Several topics are discussed and presented in a very original way as a result of the wide research performed by the authors. The added simulation examples make the book attractive to researchers, engineering professionals, undergraduate/graduate students of electrical engineering and mechatronics faculties.

Finally, I would like to congratulate the authors for their persistence in research work on this class of control systems. I do hope that the presented work will not only perfectly fill the gap in the book market, but also trigger further study and practical implementation of predictive controllers in power electronics and AC drives.

Marian P. Kazmierkowski

Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Preface

Although model predictive control (MPC) has been in development over some decades, its application to power electronics and drives is rather recent, due to the fast processing time required to control electrical variables.

The fast and powerful microprocessors available today have made it possible to perform a very large number of calculations at low cost. Consequently, it is now possible to apply MPC in power electronics and drives. MPC has a series of characteristics that make it very attractive: it is simple, intuitive, easy to implement, and can include nonlinearities, limitations. etc.

MPC has the potential to change dramatically how we control electrical energy using power converters.

The book is organized in four parts, covering the basic principles of power converters, drives and control, the application of MPC to power converters, the application of MPC to motor drives, and some general and practical issues on the implementation of MPC. In addition, simulation files will be available for download in the book website (http://www.wiley.com/go/rodriguez_control), allowing the reader to study and run the simulations for the examples shown in the book.

After several years of working on this topic, and considering the increasing number of journal and conference papers on it, we realized that it was becoming more and more a relevant topic. Over these years we gathered a large amount of work that was then organized as a series of lectures that were presented in several universities and later as tutorials at several international conferences. From all this material we have selected the most interesting examples and have developed some of the different chapters, trying to keep a simple and easy-to-follow explanation.

This book is intended for engineers, researchers, and students in the field of power electronics and drives who want to start exploring the use of MPC, and for people from the control theory area who want to explore new applications of this control strategy. The contents of this book can be also considered as part of graduate or undergraduate studies on advanced control for power converters and drives.

We hope that with the help of this book, more and more people will become involved in this interesting topic and new developments will appear in the forthcoming years.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the support received from several people and institutions that made possible the elaboration of this book or helped in different stages of this work.

Most of the results shown in this book have been funded in part by Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, the Chilean National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development FONDECYT (under grants 1101011 and 1100404), Basal Project FB021 “Valparaiso Center for Science and Technology”, Anillo Project ACT-119, and Qatar Foundation (Qatar National Research Fund grant NPRP \#4-077-2-028).

We specially thank Samir Kouro, Monina Vasquez, Rene Vargas, Hector Young, Marco Rivera, Christian Rojas, Cesar Silva, Marcelo Perez, Juan Villarroel, Juan Carlos Jarur, Sabina Torres, Mauricio Trincado, Alexis Flores, and all the students and researchers who contributed to the work that led to this book.

Finally, we acknowledge the inspiration, patience, and support of our families during the preparation of this book.

Part One

Introduction

Chapter 1

Introduction

In the last few decades, the use of power converters and high-performance adjustable speed drives has gained an increased presence in a wide range of applications, mainly due to improved performance and higher efficiency, which lead to increased production rates. In this way, power converters and drives have become an enabling technology in most industrial sectors, with many applications in a wide variety of systems. Conversion and control of electrical energy using power electronics is a very important topic today, considering the increasing energy demands and new requirements in terms of power quality and efficiency. In order to fulfill these demands new semiconductor devices, topologies, and control schemes are being developed.

This chapter presents a basic introduction and useful references for readers who are not familiar with power converters, motor drives, and their applications. The most common applications that involve the use of power converters are presented, and a general scheme for a drive system is explained. The power converter topologies found in industry are introduced according to a simple classification. A brief introduction to control schemes for power converters, the basic concepts behind them and the digital implementation technologies used today, are discussed.