Principles and Practice of Heterogeneous Catalysis E-Book

John Meurig Thomas

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1290

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

This long-awaited second edition of the successful introduction to the fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis is now completely revised and updated.
Written by internationally acclaimed experts, this textbook includes fundamentals of adsorption, characterizing catalysts and their surfaces, the significance of pore structure and surface area, solid-state and surface chemistry, poisoning, promotion, deactivation and selectivity of catalysts, as well as catalytic process engineering. A final section provides a number of examples and case histories.
With its color and numerous graphics plus references to help readers to easily find further reading, this is a pivotal work for an understanding of the principles involved.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Related Titles

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

Chapter 1: Setting the Scene

1.1 Prologue: Advances since the Early 1990s

1.2 Introduction

1.3 Perspectives in Catalysis: Past, Present and Future

1.4 Definition of Catalytic Activity

1.5 Key Advances in Recent Theoretical Treatments: Universability in Heterogeneous Catalysis

1.6 Milestones Reached in Industrial Catalysis in the Twentieth Century, and Some Consequential Challenges

References

Further Reading

Chapter 2: The Fundamentals of Adsorption: Structural and Dynamical Considerations, Isotherms and Energetics

2.1 Catalysis Must Always Be Preceded by Adsorption

2.2 The Surfaces of Clean Solids are Sometimes Reconstructed

2.3 There Are Many Well-Defined Kinds of Ordered Adlayers

2.4 Adsorption Isotherms and Isobars

2.5 Dynamical Considerations

2.6 Relating the Activation Energy to the Energy of Chemisorption. Universality in Heterogeneous Catalysis and the Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) Relation

2.7 Deriving Adsorption Isotherms from Kinetic Principles

2.8 Energetics of Adsorption

2.9 Mobility at Surfaces

2.10 Kinetics of Surface Reactions

2.11 Autocatalytic, Oscillatory and Complex Heterogeneous Reactions

2.12 Microkinetics: A Summary

References

Further Reading

Chapter 3: The Characterization of Industrial and Model Solid Catalysts

Part I: Characterization of Industrial Solid Catalysts

3.1 Non-invasive Methods Suitable for Studies Involving Catalytic Reactors

Part II: Laboratory Characterization of Solid Catalysts

3.2 A Portfolio of Modern Methods: Introducing the Acronyms

3.3 Which Elements and Which Phases Are Present?

3.4 Probing Surfaces with IR, HREELS, AES and XPS

3.5 Ultraviolet–Visible and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

3.6 Structure and Crystallography of Surfaces: Nature of Ordered and Reconstructed Surfaces

3.7 Other Structural Techniques for Characterizing Bulk and Surfaces of Catalysts

3.8 A Miscellany of Other Procedures

3.9 Determining the Strength of Surface Bonds: Thermal and Other Temperature-Programmed Methods

3.10 Reflections on the Current Scene Pertaining

In situ

Methods of Studying Catalysts

References

Further Reading

General

Additional

In situ Techniques

Chapter 4: Porous Catalysts: Their Nature and Importance

4.1 Definitions and Introduction

4.2 Determination of Surface Area

4.3 Mercury Porosimetry

4.4 Wheeler's Semi-empirical Pore Model

4.5 Diffusion in Porous Catalysts

4.6 Chemical Reaction in Porous Catalyst Pellets

References

Further Reading

Specific Books

General

Chapter 5: Solid State Chemical Aspects of Heterogeneous Catalysts

5.1 Recent Advances in Our Knowledge of Some Metal Catalysts: In Their Extended, Cluster or Nanoparticle States

5.2 Comments on the Catalytic Behaviour of Nanogold

5.3 Recent Advances in the Elucidation of Certain Metal-Oxide Catalysts

5.4 Atomic-Scale Edge Structures in Industrial-Style MoS

2

Nanocatalysts

5.5 Open-Structure Catalysts: from 2D to 3D

5.6 Computational Approaches

5.7 A Chemist's Guide to the Electronic Structure of Solids and Their Surfaces

5.8 Key Advances in Recent Theoretical Treatments of Heterogeneous Catalysis

5.9 Selected Applications of DFT to Catalysis

5.10 Concluding Remarks Concerning DFT Calculations in Heterogeneous Catalysis

References

Key References Published Since the First Edition

Seminal Books

Monographs

Book Chapters

Further Reading

Chapter 6: Poisoning, Promotion, Deactivation and Selectivity of Catalysts

6.1 Background

6.2 Catalyst Deactivation

6.3 Some Modern Theories of Poisoning and Promotion

References

Further Reading

General

Studies of Model Surfaces

Theory of Poisoning and Promotion

Chapter 7: Catalytic Process Engineering

Part I: Recent Advances in Reactor Design

7.1 Novel Operating Strategies

Part II: Traditional Methods of Catalytic Process Engineering

7.2 Traditional Catalytic Reactors

References

General References for Part II

General

Kinetic Models

Experimental Chemical Reactor Configurations

Slurry Reactors

Further Reading

Chapter 8: Heterogeneous Catalysis: Examples, Case Histories and Current Trends

8.1 Synthesis of Methanol

8.2 Fischer–Tropsch Catalysis

8.3 Synthesis of Ammonia

8.4 Oxidation of Ammonia: Stepping Toward the Fertilizer Industry

8.5

In situ

Catalytic Reaction and Separation

8.6 Automobile Exhaust Catalysts and the Catalytic Monolith

8.7 Photocatalytic Breakdown of Water and the Harnessing of Solar Energy

8.8 Catalytic Processes in the Petroleum Industry

References

Further Reading

Chapter 9: Powering the Planet in a Sustainable Manner: Some of Tomorrow's Catalysts (Actual and Desired) and Key Catalytic Features Pertaining to Renewable Feedstocks, Green Chemistry and Clean Technology

9.1 Introduction

Part I: Prospects, Practices and Principles of Generating Solar Fuels

9.2 Powering the Planet with Solar Fuel

9.3 Some Significant Advances in Photo-Assisted Water Splitting and Allied Phenomena

9.4 The Hydrogen Economy

Part II: Current Practices in Powering the Planet and Producing Chemicals

9.5 Some of Tomorrow's Catalysts: Actual and Desired

9.6 A Biorefinery Capable of Producing Transportation Fuels and Commodity Chemicals that Starts with Metabolic Engineering and Ends with Inorganic Solid Catalysts

9.7 Non-enzymatic Catalytic Processing of Biomass-Derived Raw Materials to Selected Chemical Products

9.8 Strategies for the Design of New Catalysts

Part III: Thermochemical Cycles and High-Flux, Solar-Driven Conversions

9.9 Solar-Driven, Catalysed Thermochemical Reactions as Alternatives to Fossil-Fuel-Based Energy and Chemical Economies

Acknowledgements

References

Further Reading

Index

EULA

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Setting the Scene

List of Illustrations