Problem Solving and Data Analysis Using Minitab E-Book

Rehman M. Khan

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 326

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Problem Solving and Data Analysis Using Minitab

A clear and easy guide to six Sigma methodology

Six Sigma statistical methodology using Minitab

Problem Solving and Data Analysis using Minitab presents example-based learning to aid readers in understanding how to use MINITAB 16 for statistical analysis and problem solving. Each example and exercise is broken down into the exact steps that must be followed in order to take the reader through key learning points and work through complex analyses. Exercises are featured at the end of each example so that the reader can be assured that they have understood the key learning points.

Key features:

• Provides readers with a step by step guide to problem solving and statistical analysis using Minitab 16 which is also compatible with version 15.
• Includes fully worked examples with graphics showing menu selections and Minitab outputs.
• Uses example based learning that the reader can work through at their own pace.
• Contains hundreds of screenshots to aid the reader, along with explanations of the statistics being performed and interpretation of results.
• Presents the core statistical techniques used by Six Sigma Black Belts.
• Contains examples, exercises and solutions throughout, and is supported by an accompanying website www.wiley.com/go/six_sigma_methodology featuring the numerous example data sets.

Making Six Sigma statistical methodology accessible to beginners, this book is aimed at numerical professionals, students or academics who wish to learn and apply statistical techniques for problem solving, process improvement or data analysis whilst keeping mathematical theory to a minimum.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Minitab Navigation

2.1 Windows

2.2 Dropdown Menus

2.3 Importing Data

2.4 Column Formats

2.5 The Calculator

2.6 Basic Graphs

2.7 Adding Detail to Graphs

2.8 Saving Graphs

2.9 Dotplots

2.10 Using the Brush

2.11 Boxplots

2.12 Bar Charts

2.13 The Layout Tool

2.14 Producing Graphs with the Assistant

2.15 Producing Reports

2.16 Creating a New Project/Worksheet Button

Chapter 3: Basic Statistics

3.1 Types of Data

3.2 Central Location

3.3 Dispersion

3.5 Inferential Statistics

3.6 Confidence Intervals

3.7 Normal Distribution

3.8 Deviations from Normality

3.9 Central Limit Theorem

Chapter 4: Hypothesis Testing

4.1 The Problem Statement

4.2 Null and Alternate Hypotheses

4.3 Establishing the Risks

4.4 Power and Sample Size

Example 1. Power and Sample Size for a 1 sample t test.

Example 1 continued. Power and Sample size for a 1 sample t-test.

4.5 Conducting the Test and Evaluating the Results

4.6 One Sample t Test

Example 2. 1 Sample t-test.

Example 3. 1 Sample t Test.

Exercise 1. 1 Sample t test.

Exercise 1. Using the Assistant.

4.7 Paired t Test

The Paired t Test

Example 4. Paired t Test.

Exercise 2. Paired t test.

4.8 Two Variance Test

Exercise 5. 2 Variances Test.

4.9 Two Sample t Test

Example 6. 2 Sample t test.

Example 7. 2 Sample t Test.

Exercise 3. 2 Sample t Test.

Exercise 4. 2 Sample t Test.

Chapter 5: Analysis of Variance

5.1 How ANOVA Works

5.2 One Way ANOVA (Classic)

Example 1. One Way ANOVA (Classic)

5.3 One Way ANOVA with the Assistant

Example 2. One Way ANOVA

Example 2 with the Assistant

Exercise 1. One Way ANOVA

5.4 ANOVA General Linear Model

Example 3. ANOVA GLM

Example 4. ANOVA GLM

Example 4a. ANOVA GLM

Exercise 2. ANOVA GLM

Chapter 6: Measurement System Analysis

6.1 The Importance of Measurement Systems

6.2 How Measurement Systems Affect Data

6.3 Analysing the Appropriate Systems

6.4 Types of Measurement Systems Error

6.5 Measurement Systems Toolbox

6.6 Type 1 Gage Study

Example 1. Type 1 Gage Study.

Exercise 1. Type 1 Gage Study.

6.7 Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility Studies

6.8 Create Gage R&R Study Worksheet

Example 2. Gage R&R Study Worksheet.

6.9 Gage R&R (Crossed)

6.10 Gage R&R Crossed Studies

6.11 Gage R&R (Crossed) Study

Example 3. Gage R&R Study.

Example 4. Gage R&R Study.

Exercise 2. Gage R&R Study.

6.12 Gage R&R (Nested)

Example 5. Gage R&R Study.

Exercise 3. Gage R&R (Nested) Study.

6.13 Gage Bias and Linearity Study

Example 6. Gage Bias and Linearity Study.

Exercise 4. Gage Bias and Linearity Study.

Chapter 7: Statistical Process Control

7.1 The Origins of Statistical Process Control

7.2 Common Cause and Special Cause Variation

7.3 Detection Rules for Special Causes

7.4 False Alarms

7.5 When Should We Use SPC Charts?

7.6 Subgrouping

7.7 The Appropriate Chart

7.8 The I-MR Chart

Example 1. I-MR Chart

Exercise 1. I-MR Chart

Example 2. I-MR Chart

Exercise 2. I-MR Chart

7.9 The Xbar-R Chart

Example 3. Xbar-R Chart

7.10 The Xbar-S Chart

Example 4. Xbar-S Chart

7.11 SPC Exercise

Exercise 3

7.12 The I-MR-R/S Chart

Example 5. I-MR-R/S Chart

Chapter 8: Process Capability

8.1 The Basics of Process Capability

Example 1. Dam Busters

8.2 Short Term and Overall Capability

8.3 Capability Analysis for Normal Data

Example 2. Normal Capability

Exercise 1. Normal Capability

8.4 Capability Analysis for Non Normal Data

Example 3. Non Normal Capability

Exercise 2. Non Normal Capability

8.5 Capability Comparison using the Assistant

Example 4. Capability Comparison

Chapter 9: Correlation and Regression

9.1 What are Correlation and Regression?

9.2 Correlation

Example 1. Correlation.

Exercise 1. Correlation.

9.3 Multiple Correlations

Example 2. Multiple Correlations.

Exercise 2. Multiple Correlations.

9.4 Introduction to Regression

9.5 Single Predictor Regression

Example 3. Fitted Line Plot.

Example 4. Regression with the Assistant.

Exercise 3. Fitted Line Plot.

9.6 Introduction to Multiple Predictor Regression

9.7 Multiple Predictor Regression

Example 5.

Example 6.

Example 7. Multi Colinearity

Exercise 4. Multiple Predictor Regression.

9.8 Predictor Selection Procedure

Example 8. Predictor Selection Procedure.

Exercise 5. Predictor Selection Procedure.

9.9 Nonlinear Regression

Example 9. Nonlinear Regression.

Exercise 6. Nonlinear Regression.

Chapter 10: Design of Experiment

10.1 Why Use Design of Experiment?

10.2 Types of DOE

10.3 DOE Terminology

10.4 Two Level Factorial Designs

Example 1. Setting up the experimental design.

Example 2. Analysing the experiment.

Example 3. The Gamer.

Exercise 1. Artificial Diamonds.

10.5 Fractional Factorial Designs

Example 4. The column.

Example 4. The column, continued.

Exercise 2. The Reactor.

Chapter 11: Help

11.1 Help Overview

11.2 Help! Help!

11.3 Tutorials

11.4 StatGuide

11.5 Methods and Formulas

11.6 Meet Minitab

11.7 Help on the Web

11.8 Help on the Web and Datasets

11.9 Datasets

Index

This edition first published 2013

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Khan, Rehman M.

Problem solving and data analysis using Minitab : a clear and easy guide to six sigma methodology /

Rehman M. Khan.

pages cm

Includes index.

ISBN 978-1-118-30757-1 (hardback)

1. Mathematical statistics--Data processing. 2. Problem solving--Statistical methods. 3. Minitab.

4. Six sigma (Quality control standard) I. Title.

QA276.45.M56K43 2013

658.4′013028553--dc23

2012035286

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 978-1-118-30757-1

Acknowledgements

Firstly, I would like to thank God for giving me the ability and circumstance to write this book.

I would like to thank my wife, Mahwish, and my children, Iqra, Humzah and Raeesa, for being very patient with me and accepting that I would be spending all of my spare time outside of work on this project. Mahwish and Humzah (12 years old at that time) also helped me with the proof-reading and transferring the script from Power Points to Microsoft Word.

I would like to acknowledge my parents' effort to continually challenge me and my brother in our education. I think my dad would have been very proud at the release of this book and I know my mum is.

I would like to thank our family down in London, particularly, my mum and wife's parents who did not see us very much during the production of the manuscript but still continued to support us.

I want to thank all my family and friends around the world for their support. There are too many people to name so I will just say where you live, Loughborough Bedford, London, Preston, Birmingham, Sheffield, Pakistan, North America, Australia, Saudi Arabia. If I haven't mentioned where you live please feel free to associate yourself with one of the places I did mention.

I also want to mention Springfields Fuels Limited near Preston. I spent most of my working life there and they introduced me to Six Sigma. I also want to mention my current employer, British Gypsum, and thank them for my continued Six Sigma training. In particular, Gary Pilcher who supported my training and then the start of my training course within British Gypsum. There is a fantastic team at East Leake, I want to thank everyone there for their moral support, in particular the other members of the Melnik 6 (Greg Bere, Paul Brauer, Matt Carey, Lee Chaplin & Gary Parkins).

I want to thank the good people at Wiley for publishing this book. I also want to thank the good people at Minitab for letting me use their excellent software.

Some teachers you never forget. So I would also like to thank Mr Crowley who was my Mathematics teacher at Hayes Manor School. He took me through my ‘O’, ‘AO’ and ‘A’ Level Maths.

Finally, I would like to thank the people that have bought this book. I am hoping that this is the start of the journey for you as well as me.

Chapter 1

Introduction

Confucius said ‘I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand’. This proverb sums up the spirit of this book as it is very practical and it involves the reader. Every chapter contains examples and exercises that will capture the reader and ensure the information is passed on in a memorable way.

This book is aimed at numerical professionals, students or academics who wish to learn and apply statistical techniques for problem solving, process improvement or data analysis without getting bogged down in theory. In fact anyone that wants to be data driven in their decision making should use this book to understand how to use Minitab.

The vehicle for the statistical techniques is Minitab version 16. However, most of it will also be applicable to version 15. The notes will indicate if a feature is in Minitab 16 only by stating ‘M16 only’. At this point I could give you a list of the new features that are incorporated within Minitab 16 but that would be a bit pointless, so I will attempt to point out the important new features as we go through the modules. You will definitely need to have access to a copy of Minitab when going through the book and it would be advantageous to have a copy of Microsoft Excel as well.