Psychiatry E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 11734

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Extensively revised and updated this edition reflects the progress and developments in the field. With 127 chapters and over 400 contributors this book is a truly comprehensive exposition of the specialty of psychiatry. Written by well-known and highly regarded experts from around the world, it takes a patient-centered approach making it an indispensable resource for all those involved in the care of patients with psychiatric disorders. For this new edition, the section on the Neuroscientific Foundations of Psychiatry has been completely revised, with a new author team recruited by Section Editors Jonathan Polan and Eric Kandel. The final section, Special Populations and Clinical Settings, features important new chapters on today's most urgent topics, including the homeless, restraint and geriatric psychiatry. Key features include: * Coverage of the entire field of psychiatry, from psychoanalysis to pharmacology and brain imaging, including family relations, cultural influence and change, epidemiology, genetics and behavioral medicine * Clinical vignettes describing current clinical practice in an attractive design * Numerous figures and tables that facilitate learning and comprehension appear throughout the text * Clear comparisons of the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 criteria for easy understanding in a global context * Diagnostic and treatment decision trees to help both the novice and experienced reader The chapter on Cognitive Behavioral Therapies by Edward Friedman, Michael Thase and Jesse Wright is freely available. Please click on Read Excerpt 2 above to read this superb exposition of these important therapies.

Leseprobe

Contents

Volume 1

Contributors

Preface to this Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

SECTION I Approaches to the Patient

CHAPTER 1 Listening to the Patient

Listening: The Key Skill in Psychiatry

The Primary Tools: Words, Analogies, Metaphors, Similes, and Symbols

How Does One Hear Words in This Way?

Listening as More Than Hearing

Common Blocks to Effective Listening

Crucial Attitudes That Enable Effective Listening

Theoretical Perspectives on Listening

Using Oneself in Listening

To Be Found: The Psychological Product of Being Heard

Listening to Oneself to Listen Better

Listening in Special Clinical Situations

Growing and Maturing as a Listener

References

CHAPTER 2 Physician—Patient Relationship

The Placebo Effect

Roles and Motivations

Modern Medicine and the Physician-Patient Relationship

Attachment Theory and the Physician-Patient Relationship

Formation of the Physician-Patient Relationship

The Therapeutic or Working Alliance

Research on the Physician–Patient Relationship

Special Issues in the Physician–Patient Relationship

The Physician–Patient Relationship in Specific Populations of Patients

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 3 The Psychiatric Interview: Settings and Techniques

Goals of the Psychiatric Interview

The Psychiatric Database

Conduct of the Interview

References

CHAPTER 4 The Cultural Context of Clinical Assessment

Introduction: The Cultural Matrix of Psychiatry

What is Culture?

Culture and Gender

The Cultural Formulation

Cultural Competence

Conclusion: The Limits of Culture

References

CHAPTER 5 Professional Ethics and Boundaries

Introduction

Ethical Behavior and Its Relationship to the Professional Attitude

The Coherent Treatment Frame and the Role of Therapeutic Boundaries in Effective Psychiatric Treatment

Boundary Violations

Components of the Coherent Psychiatric Frame

Summary

References

CHAPTER 6 Legal Issues in Psychiatric Practice

Introduction

Categories of Legal Issues in Psychiatry

Civil Issues: Patient’s Rights

Civil Issues: Doctor–Patient Relationship

Criminal Issues: Competency and Insanity

Other Criminal Issues: Diminished Capacity and Mitigating Factors

Conclusion

References

SECTION II A Developmental Perspective on Normal Domains of Mental and Behavioral Functions

CHAPTER 7 A Psychiatric Perspective on Human Development

Biological Development Genetic Considerations

Neurological Considerations

Endocrinological Considerations

Cognitive Development

Emotional Development

Social Development

Moral Development

Developmental Psychopathology Risk and Protective Factors

High-Risk Periods for Psychopathology

Interlineal Decalage

The Psychiatrist as a Developmentalist

References

CHAPTER 8 Infant Development: The First 3 Years of Life

Theories and Models of Development and the First 3 Years of Life

Lines of Development and Their Discontinuities

Risk and Protective Factors

Illustrative Risk Conditions

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 9 Preschool Development

Historic Considerations

Conceptual Framework

Lines of Development

Risk and Protective Factors

Developmental Psychopathology

References

CHAPTER 10 School-Age Development

Conceptual Framework

Biological Development

Cognitive Development

Emotional Development

Sociocultural Development

Moral Development

Risk and Protective Factors

Developmental Psychopathology

References

CHAPTER 11 Adolescent Development

Historical Perspectives

Conceptual Framework

Biological Development

Brain Development

Cognitive Development

Emotional Development

Social Development

Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Gene-Environment Interactions

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 12 Adult Development

Towards a Conceptual Framework

Developmental and Cohort Effects

Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Resilience

Young Adulthood as a Distinct Developmental Stage

An Integrated Model for Adult Development

Developmental Formulations of Adulthood

Eriksonian Model of Adult Development

Grief

Transitions and Developmental Crises

The Enduring Importance of Identity Formation

Conclusions: Adult Development—an Ever-Evolving Field

References

CHAPTER 13 Late Life

Late-Life Development

Cognitive Changes

Sensory Changes

Lifestyle

Sexuality

References

CHAPTER 14 A Brief History of Psychiatry

Ancient Times

Beginnings of a Methodological Approach to Mental Phenomena

Roman, Greek, and Other Influences in Early Christian Times

Post-Roman and Medieval Times

16th Century: The Beginnings of Modern Psychiatry

17th Century: Slow Progress in Description and Empiricism

18th Century

19th Century

20th Century

Conclusion

References

SECTION III Neuroscientific Foundations of Psychiatry

CHAPTER 15 Are there Biological Commonalities among Different Psychiatric Disorders?

Introduction

Diseases of the Mind and Diseases of the Brain

Specific Biological Commonalities Among Disorders

Beyond Gross Anatomical Similarities: Functional Circuitry in Psychiatric Disease

The Ventral Striatum and Mechanisms of Reward

Dysregulation of Reward in Disorders of the Ventral Striatum

The Dorsal Striatum and the Automation of the Routine

Maladaptive Habits in Disorders of the Dorsal Striatum

Prefrontal Cortex: Attention and Behavioral Flexibility

Attentional Deficits in Disorders of the Prefrontal Cortex

Depression

Prefrontal Cortex: “Deliberate” Versus “Implicit” Emotion Regulation Strategies

Dysfunctional Emotion Regulation in Disorders of the Prefrontal Cortex

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 16 Genetic Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders

Introduction

Genetic Epidemiology

Genetic Epidemiology of Mental Disorders

Future Applications of Genetic Epidemiology

Linkage Studies

Association Studies

Application of Linkage and Association Studies in Psychiatry

Systematic Follow-Up of Linkage Signals

Candidate Gene Approaches

Fine Mapping of Genomic Rearrangements

Iterative Human and Mouse Genetic Approaches

Genetic Studies of Endophenotypes

Gene Discovery Via Genome-Wide Association Studies

In-Depth Probing of Gene–Gene Interactions

Implications for Understanding Disease Pathophysiology and for Improving Treatment

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 17 Modeling Psychiatric Disorders in Experimental Animals

Introduction

Defining Phenotypes and Establishing Validity in Animal Models

Dissecting Cognitive and Behavioral Endophenotypes from Complex Mental Disorders

Using Neuropathological or Pharmacological Phenotypes to Test Etiologic and Pathogenic Hypotheses of Psychopathology

“A Priori” Modeling Genetic, Environmental and Experiential Etiologies in Psychiatric Disorders

Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

CHAPTER 18 The Scientific Basis of Psychotherapy

The Scientific Basis of Psychotherapy

Principles of Psychoanalysis: The Contribution of Freud

Psychoanalysis after Freud

Studies on the Effectiveness of Psychotherapies: Overall Efficacy of Treatment

Conclusions

Biological and Neuroimaging Studies of Psychotherapy

Conclusion

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 19 The Neurobiology of Schizophrenia

Introduction

Neurodevelopmental Concept

Electrophysiological Abnormalities

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 20 Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders

Overview

History and Clinical Picture of Anxiety Disorders

Genetic Contributions to Anxiety Disorders

Animal Models of Anxiety

Pathophysiology of Anxiety Disorders

Emotional Regulation: Role for the mPFC

Therapeutic Targets: The Neurobiology of Coping

Vulnerability for Anxiety Disorders

Developmental Origins of Vulnerability for Anxiety Disorders

Familial Transmission of Risk: Effects of Genes, Environment, and Their Interaction

Conclusions

References

Further Reading

CHAPTER 21 Neurobiologic Foundations of Mood Disorders

Nomenclature

Genetics

Pathogenic Mechanisms

Intracellular Signal Transduction Pathways and Growth Factors

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 22 Pathophysiology of Addiction

Clinical Picture

Patterns of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders

Impact of Substance Use Disorders

Vulnerability

Neuropharmacology of Drug Intoxication and Reward

Substance Dependence (Addiction)

References

CHAPTER 23 Neuroscience of Autism

Introduction

Diagnosis and Behavioral Features

Medical and Other Comorbid Features

Developmental and Genetic Mechanisms Implicated in the Etiology of Autism

Neuropathology

Functional Neuroimaging

Behavioral Treatment

Other Treatments

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 24 Neurodegeneration and Dementia

Introduction

Alzheimer’s Disease

Frontal Temporal Dementia

Lewy Body Dementia

Prion Diseases

Conclusions

References

SECTION IV Psychological and Social Scientific Foundations of Psychiatry

CHAPTER 25 Psychiatric Epidemiology