Pumps, Channels and Transporters E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Chemical Analysis: A Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1049

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Describes experimental methods for investigating the function of pumps, channels and transporters

• Covers new emerging analytical methods used to study ion transport membrane proteins such as single-molecule spectroscopy
• Details a wide range of electrophysiological techniques and spectroscopic methods used to analyze the function of ion channels, ion pumps and transporters
• Covers state-of-the art analytical methods to study ion pumps, channels, and transporters, and where analytical chemistry can make further contributions

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

COVER

TITLE PAGE

PREFACE

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORY

1.2 ENERGETICS OF TRANSPORT

1.3 MECHANISTIC CONSIDERATIONS

1.4 ION CHANNELS

1.5 ION PUMPS

1.6 TRANSPORTERS

1.7 DISEASES OF ION CHANNELS, PUMPS, AND TRANSPORTERS

1.8 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

2 STUDY OF ION PUMP ACTIVITY USING BLACK LIPID MEMBRANES

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 FORMATION OF BLACK LIPID MEMBRANES

2.3 RECONSTITUTION IN BLACK LIPID MEMBRANES

2.4 THE PRINCIPLES OF CAPACITIVE COUPLING

2.5 THE GATED-CHANNEL CONCEPT

2.6 RELAXATION TECHNIQUES

2.7 ADMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS

2.8 THE INVESTIGATION OF CYTOPLASMIC AND EXTRACELLULAR ION ACCESS CHANNELS IN THE Na

+

,K

+

-ATPase

2.9 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

3 ANALYZING ION PERMEATION IN CHANNELS AND PUMPS USING PATCH-CLAMP RECORDING

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PATCH-CLAMP TECHNIQUE

3.3 PATCH-CLAMP MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CHANNEL CONDUCTANCE

3.4 DETERMINING ION SELECTIVITY AND RELATIVE PERMEATION IN WHOLE-CELL RECORDINGS

3.5 INFLUENCE OF VOLTAGE CORRECTIONS IN QUANTIFYING ION SELECTIVITY IN CHANNELS

3.6 ION PERMEATION PATHWAYS THROUGH CHANNELS AND PUMPS

3.7 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

4 PROBING CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITIONS OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS WITH VOLTAGE CLAMP FLUOROMETRY (VCF)

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE VCF TECHNIQUE

4.3 PERSPECTIVES FROM EARLY MEASUREMENTS ON VOLTAGE-GATED K

+

CHANNELS

4.4 VCF APPLIED TO P-TYPE ATPases

4.5 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

5 PATCH CLAMP ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTERS VIA PRE-STEADY-STATE KINETIC METHODS

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 PATCH CLAMP ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY-ACTIVE TRANSPORTER FUNCTION

5.3 PERTURBATION METHODS

5.4 EVALUATION AND INTERPRETATION OF PRE-STEADY-STATE KINETIC DATA

5.5 MECHANISTIC INSIGHT INTO TRANSPORTER FUNCTION

5.6 CASE STUDIES

5.7 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

6 RECORDING OF PUMP AND TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY USING SOLID-SUPPORTED MEMBRANES (SSM-BASED ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY)

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 THE INSTRUMENT

6.3 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES, DATA ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION

6.4 P-TYPE ATPases INVESTIGATED BY SSM-BASED ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

6.5 SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORTERS

6.6 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

7 STOPPED-FLOW FLUORIMETRY USING VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE FLUORESCENT MEMBRANE PROBES

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 BASICS OF THE STOPPED-FLOW TECHNIQUE

7.3 COVALENT VERSUS NONCOVALENT FLUORESCENCE LABELING

7.4 CLASSES OF VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE DYES

7.5 MEASUREMENT OF THE KINETICS OF THE Na

+

,K

+

-ATPase

7.6 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

8 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 COVALENTLY-INDUCED CHEMICAL SHIFT DIFFERENCES

8.3 SHIFT-REAGENT-INDUCED CHEMICAL SHIFT DIFFERENCES

8.4 pH-INDUCED CHEMICAL SHIFT DIFFERENCES

8.5 HYDROGEN-BOND-INDUCED CHEMICAL SHIFT DIFFERENCES

8.6 IONIC-ENVIRONMENT-INDUCED CHEMICAL SHIFT DIFFERENCES

8.7 RELAXATION TIME DIFFERENCES

8.8 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT DIFFERENCES

8.9 SOME SUBTLE SPECTRAL EFFECTS

8.10 A CASE STUDY: THE STOICHIOMETRIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF Na

+

IONS TRANSPORTED PER MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE CONSUMED IN HUMAN RBCs

8.11 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

9 TIME-RESOLVED AND SURFACE-ENHANCED INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 BASICS OF IR SPECTROSCOPY

9.3 REFLECTION TECHNIQUES

9.4 APPLICATION TO ELECTRON-TRANSFERRING PROTEINS

9.5 TIME-RESOLVED IR SPECTROSCOPY

9.6 APPLICATIONS TO RETINAL PROTEINS

9.7 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

10 ANALYSIS OF MEMBRANE-PROTEIN COMPLEXES BY SINGLE-MOLECULE METHODS

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 FLUOROPHORES FOR SINGLE PARTICLE LABELING

10.3 PRINCIPLES OF FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY

10.4 PRINCIPLE AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-MOLECULE IMAGING

10.5 COMPLEX DYNAMICS AND STOICHIOMETRY BY SINGLE-MOLECULE MICROSCOPY