Quality of Experience for Multimedia E-Book

Abdelhamid Mellouk

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 262

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Based on a convergence of network technologies, the Next Generation Network (NGN) is being deployed to carry high quality video and voice data. In fact, the convergence of network technologies has been driven by the converging needs of end-users.
The perceived end-to-end quality is one of the main goals required by users that must be guaranteed by the network operators and the Internet Service Providers, through manufacturer equipment. This is referred to as the notion of Quality of Experience (QoE) and is becoming commonly used to represent user perception. The QoE is not a technical metric, but rather a concept consisting of all elements of a user's perception of the network services. The authors of this book focus on the idea of how to integrate the QoE into a control-command chain in order to construct an adaptive network system. More precisely, in the context of Content-Oriented Networks used to redesign the current Internet architecture to accommodate content-oriented applications and services, they aim to describe an end-to-end QoE model applied to a Content Distribution Network architecture.

About the Authors

Abdelhamid Mellouk is Full Professor at University of Paris-Est C-VdM (UPEC), Networks & Telecommunications (N&T) Department and LiSSi Laboratory, France. Head of several executive national and international positions, he was the founder of the Network Control Research activity at UPEC with extensive international academic and industrial collaborations. His general area of research is in adaptive real-time control for high-speed new generation dynamic wired/wireless networks in order to maintain acceptable Quality of Service/Experience for added-value services. He is an active member of the IEEE Communications Society and has held several offices including leadership positions in IEEE Communications Society Technical Committees.
Said Hoceini is Associate Professor at University of Paris-Est C-VdM (UPEC), Networks & Telecommunications (N&T) Department and LiSSi Laboratory, France. His research focuses on routing algorithms, quality of service, quality of experience, and wireless sensor networks, as well as bio-inspired artificial intelligence approaches. His work has been published in several international conferences and journals and he serves on several TPCs.
Hai Anh Tran is Associate Professor at the Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Vietnam. His research focuses on QoE aspects, QoS adaptive control/command mechanisms, wired routing, as well as bio-inspired artificial intelligence approaches.

Leseprobe

Contents

List of Figures

Preface

Introduction

Chapter 1: Network Control Based on Smart Communication Paradigm

1.1. Motivation

1.2. General framework

1.3. Main innovations

1.4. Conclusion

Chapter 2: Quality of Experience

2.1. Motivation

2.2. QoE concept

2.3. Importance of QoE

2.4. QoE metrics

2.5. QoE measurement methods

2.6. QoS/QoE relationship

2.7. Impact of networking on QoE

2.8. Conclusion

Chapter 3: Content Distribution Network

3.1. Motivation

3.2. Routing layer

3.3. Meta-routing layer

3.4. Conclusion

Chapter 4: User-Driven Routing Algorithm Application for CDN Flow

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Reinforcement learning and Q-routing

4.3. Q-learning

4.4. Q-routing

4.5. Related works and motivation

4.6. QQAR routing algorithm

4.7. Experimental results

4.8. Conclusion

Chapter 5: User-Driven Server Selection Algorithm for CDN Architecture

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Multi-armed bandit formalization

5.3. Server selection schemes

5.4. Our proposal for QoE-based server selection method

5.5. Experimental results

5.6. Acknowledgment

5.7. Conclusion

Conclusion

Bibliography

Index

First published 2013 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

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© ISTE Ltd 2013

The rights of Abdelhamid Mellouk, Said Hoceini and Hai Anh Tran to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013946297

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISSN: 2051-2481 (Print) ISSN: 2051-249X (Online) ISBN: 978-1-84821-563-4

List of Figures

Preface

Owing to the emergence of different kinds of communication and networking technologies (core networks with intra-domain and inter-domain challenges, access networks, aggregation networks, spontaneous networks, the Internet of Things, etc.) and the current and foreseen proliferation of different and specific types of services supported by these technologies (real-time services, IPTV, VoD, social networking, E-Health, multimedia, gaming, smart cities, etc.), traditional network control strategies are not sufficient for handling the complexity and diversity of information in use that we see today. There is a strong need to develop a new paradigm to obtain the continuity of network services based on the new concept of smart communications and user’s interaction. User perceptions, such as emotional, intense or satisfactional, is a natural way to interact with the real world, and will serve as a powerful metaphor for interacting with online services and performing an affective computing paradigm. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence tools together with biologically inspired techniques is needed to control network behavior in real time so as to provide users with the quality of service that they request, and to improve network robustness and resilience based on continuous user feedback. The key idea of this book is to present a new paradigm driven by user perception and, based on control theory and machine learning techniques in order to support smart communications, to avoid any complete interruptions in the whole chain of service treatment. The book focuses on the idea of how to integrate the Quality of Experience (QoE) into a control/command chain in order to construct an adaptive network system. More precisely, in the context of content-oriented networks (CON) that are used to redesign the current Internet architecture in order to accommodate content-oriented applications and services, an end-to-end QoE model is applied to a content distribution network architecture with respect to the following steps:

– To develop at the theoretical level an appropriate unified formal model based on bio-inspired modeling and knowledge distribution in order to construct a scalable and robust environment with low complexity for large-scale dynamic networks.

– To study at the empirical level why and how user perception can be quantified, analyzed and influenced.

– To create at the conceptual level a general framework for protocol stacks dedicated to smart communications featuring multiple technologies, devices and users.

Finally, to build at the engineering level the appropriate model of programming abstractions and software architecture to develop a full-scale framework.

To give a complete bibliography and a historical account of the research that led to the present form of the subject would have been impossible. It is thus inevitable that some topics have been treated in less detail than others. The choices made reflect, in part, personal taste and expertise, and in part a preference for very promising research and recent developments in the field of QoE-based technologies.

The authors hope the readers will enjoy reading this book and gain many helpful ideas and overviews for their own study.

Abdelhamid MELLOUKSaid HOCEINIHai Anh TRANSeptember 2013

Introduction

In recent years, we have been witnessing a rapid development of interconnecting applications. In addition to those that contributed to the popularity of the early Internet (e-mail, file transfer, etc.), there are now applications that rely on more sensitive network data. They include sound applications (voice, music programs, etc.), image applications (television programs, videoconferencing, video on demand, etc.) and urgent information applications (market orders). Based on a convergence of network technologies, the next-generation network (NGN) is being deployed to carry high-quality video and voice data. However, it is important for the operators and providers not to lose sight of the reason behind this new infrastructure: to provide network service that users want to use. Realising this idea means assuring positive experience for end users. The operators always try to deliver network services in the most cost and resource efficient manner with ensured user perception. Therefore, service providers are switching their focus from traditional Quality of Service (QoS) to user satisfaction, which is the overall success of a network from the user’s perspective. According to a well-known expression, “The only way to know how customers see your business is to look at it through their eyes”. In fact, the convergence of network technologies has been driven by the converging needs of end users. The perceived end-to-end quality becomes one of the main requirements of users that must be guaranteed by the network operators and the Internet service providers, through manufacturers’ equipment. This is referred to as the Quality of Experience (QoE) notion that becomes commonly used to represent user perception. The QoE is not a technical metric, but rather a concept consisting of all elements of a user’s perception of the network services. To ensure good end user perception, the service providers have encountered challenging QoE issues, such as QoE monitoring, measurement, diagnosis and management. Therefore, all of the network functions, such as admission control, access network selection, routing, resource allocation, transmission control and server selection, are expected to be adaptive to users’ QoE. Of these fuctions, we focus on the routing and server selection.